作物学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (01): 89-99.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2015.00089
姜元华,许俊伟,赵可,韦还和,孙建军,张洪程*,戴其根,霍中洋,许轲,魏海燕,郭保卫
JIANG Yuan-Hua,XU Jun-Wei,ZHAO Ke,WEI Huan-He,SUN Jian-Jun,ZHANG Hong-Cheng*,DAI Qi-Gen,HUO Zhong-Yang,XU Ke,WEI Hai-Yan,GUO Bao-Wei
摘要: 以甬优籼粳杂交稻群体(A)为研究对象,在稻麦两熟制机插高产栽培条件下,以三系杂交粳稻群体(B)、超级常规粳稻(C)和超级杂交籼稻群体(D)为对照的试验,旨在揭示甬优系列籼粳杂交稻超高产根系形态生理特征。结果表明:(1) 在生育中、后期,A的根系干重、地上部干重、根尖数、根系长度、根系表面积、根系体积及根冠比均显著高于B、C和D。(2) 抽穗期不定根(根径>0.3 mm)的根尖数、根系长度、根系表面积和根系体积占总根的比例表现为A大于B和C,小于D;细分支(根径≤0.1 mm)与粗分支(0.1 mm<根径≤0.3 mm)的根尖数、根系长度、根系表面积和根系体积占总根的比例均表现为A大于D,小于B和C。抽穗期土层0~5 cm、5~10 cm和10~15 cm范围根干重占根系总干重的比例表现为A大于B和C,小于D;土层15~25 cm、25~35 cm、35~45 cm、45~55 cm范围根干重占根系总干重的比例表现为A大于D,小于B和C。(3) A抽穗后根系总吸收面积、根系活跃吸收面积、根系伤流强度以及根系氧化力和根系还原力均高于B、C和D。与杂交粳稻、常规粳稻和杂交籼稻相比,甬优系列籼粳杂交稻具有根冠协调水平高、群体根量大、分支结构优、根系深扎性好以及中、后期生理活性强等优势,这种根系特征为其超高产的实现提供了重要保障。
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