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作物学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (11): 1692-1700.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2015.01692

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

菜用大豆食用品质关键组分及其积累动态研究

张秋英1,*,李彦生1,刘长锴1,2,田博文1,2,涂冰洁1,2,毛健伟3   

  1. 1中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 / 黑土区农业生态重点实验室，黑龙江哈尔滨 150081；2东北农业大学资源环境学院，黑龙江哈尔滨 150030；3吉林省农业技术推广总站，吉林长春 130033
  • 收稿日期:2015-04-25 修回日期:2015-07-20 出版日期:2015-11-12 网络出版日期:2015-08-05
  • 通讯作者: 张秋英, E-mail: zhangqiuying@iga.ac.cn, Tel: 0451-86601320
  • 基金资助:

    本研究由龙江省自然科学基金重点项目(ZD201307)和国家自然科学基金项目(41471241)资助。

Key Components of Eating Quality and their Dynamic Accumulation in Vegetable Soybean Varieties [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]

ZHANG Qiu-Ying1,*,LI Yan-Sheng1,LIU Chang-Kai1,2,TIAN Bo-Wen1,2,TU Bing-Jie1,2,MAO Jian-Wei3   

  1. 1 Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China;
    2 College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin150081, China; 3 Jilin Provincial Agro-tech Extension Center, Changchun 130033, China
  • Received:2015-04-25 Revised:2015-07-20 Published:2015-11-12 Published online:2015-08-05
  • Contact: 张秋英, E-mail: zhangqiuying@iga.ac.cn, Tel: 0451-86601320

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摘要：

选用30个菜用大豆品种（系），测定其食用品质与籽粒的化学组分，分析二者的相关性；再选其中3个可溶性糖含量不同的品种（系）测定食用品质组分，并采用主成分分析方法探讨每个组分的作用，研究其积累动态。结果表明，蔗糖、果糖+葡萄糖、蜜三糖、水苏糖、蛋白质、游离氨基酸和脂肪对菜用大豆食用品质的总贡献率为67.8%；其中蔗糖含量与菜用大豆食用品质呈极显著正相关（0.864**），蛋白质含量与菜用大豆食用品质评分呈显著负相关（–0.439*）。鲜食期不同菜用大豆品种籽粒中蜜三糖和水苏糖的平均含量仅有成熟期的7.4%和12.4%，对菜用大豆食用品质影响有限。菜用大豆的鲜食期一般在开花后42 d，可维持一周左右，此期蔗糖含量最高，蛋白质含量比成熟期低3%左右，氨基酸含量明显高于成熟期，而蜜三糖、水苏糖含量最低，果糖+葡萄糖居中，食用品质最佳；鲜食期过后，籽粒中蔗糖和单糖含量降低，脂肪与蛋白质积累增加，蜜三糖和水苏糖含量显著增高，导致食用品质下降。

关键词: 菜用大豆, 食用品质, 蔗糖, 鲜食期

Abstract:

The eating quality and seed chemical compositions of 30 vegetable soybean cultivars (line), as well as their correlations were analyzed. At the same time, main quality compositions and their roles for eating quality were investigated by path analysis, while the dynamic accumulation of each component was also studied with three cultivars differing in soluble sugar content. Results showed that the cumulative contribution of sucrose, fructose + glucose, raffinose, stachyose, protein, free amino acid and oil for eating quality was 67.8%. A significant positive correlation was found between eating quality score and sucrose content (0.864**), while a significant negative correlation between eating quality score and protein content (–0.439*). The average content of raffinose and stachyose at fresh harvest stage was only 7.4% and 12.4% of that at mature stage respectively, which had much less negative impact on eating quality of vegetable soybean than field grain soybean. The optimum harvest time for fresh pods was at 42 days after flowering and could last for one week with highest sucrose content and lowest raffinose and stachyose contents. Besides, the average content of amino acids was higher and fructose + glucose contents were medium, and protein content was 3% less than that at mature stage. Postponing the harvest time deteriorated eating quality due to decreased content in sucrose and monosaccharide, increased content in fat and protein contents, as well as a dramatic increase in raffinose and stachyose contents.

Key words: Vegetable soybean, Eating quality, Sucrose, Fresh harvest stage

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