欢迎访问作物学报，今天是
作物学报

作物学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (10): 1507-1517.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2017.01507

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同水肥运筹对再生季稻根际土壤酶活性及微生物功能多样性的影响

陈鸿飞1,**,庞晓敏1,**,张仁2,张志兴1,徐倩华3,方长旬1,李经勇4,林文雄1,*   

  1. 1福建农林大学生命科学学院 / 福建农林大学作物遗传育种与综合利用教育部重点实验室, 福建福州350002; 2福建省南平市建阳区农业局, 福建建阳353000; 3福建省农业厅种植业技术推广总站, 福建福州 350001; 4重庆市农业科学院, 重庆永川 402160
  • 收稿日期:2017-03-06 修回日期:2017-05-10 出版日期:2017-10-12 网络出版日期:2017-06-09
  • 通讯作者: 林文雄, E-mail: lwx@fafu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    本研究由国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300508), 福建省高校青年自然基金重点项目(JZ160435)和福建农林大学科技创新专项基金项目(CXZX2016076, CXZX2016077)资助。

Effects of Different Irrigation and Fertilizer Application Regimes on Soil Enzyme Activities and Microbial Functional Diversity in Rhizosphere of Ratooning Rice

CHEN Hong-Fei1,**, PANG Xiao-Min1,**, ZHANG Ren2, ZHANG Zhi-Xing1, XU Qian-Hua3, FANG Chang-Xun1, LI Jing-Yong4, LIN Wen-Xiong1,*   

  1. 1 College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University /Key Laboratory for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education / College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; 2 Agriculture Bureau of Jianyang District, Nanping City Fujian Province, Jianyang 353000, China; 3 Planting Technique Extension Station of Fujian Province Agriculture Department, Fuzhou 350001, China; 4 Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yongchuan 402160, China?
  • Received:2017-03-06 Revised:2017-05-10 Published:2017-10-12 Published online:2017-06-09
  • Contact: 林文雄, E-mail: lwx@fafu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:

    This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Project (2016YFD0300508), the Natural Foundation of Fujian Higher Education Institutions for Young Scientists (Key Project) (JZ160435), and the Sci-tech Innovation Fund Project of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (CXZX2016076, CXZX2016077).

RichHTML

PDF

1074

摘要：

再生季水、肥管理措施是再生稻尤其是机收中低留桩再生稻获得高产稳产的一项关键措施，明确再生季合理的水肥运筹对提高机收中低留桩再生稻低节位再生芽的萌发成穗具有重要意义。本文以杂交籼稻泸优明占为材料，通过设置再生季分蘖期3个不同水肥处理盆栽试验，即淹水灌溉不施用促苗肥(S处理)、干湿交替灌溉不施用促苗肥(G处理)和干湿交替灌溉施用促苗肥(GN处理)，研究不同水肥运筹对再生季稻腋芽、产量、根际土壤酶活性及微生物功能多样性的影响。结果表明，再生季稻不同水肥处理对根际氧化还原电位和根际土壤酶有显著影响，处理后10 d，与S处理相比，G处理可以显著提高根际土壤的氧化还原电位和根际土壤多酚氧化酶、过氧化物酶、磷酸单酯酶、过氧化氢酶活性，与G处理相比，GN处理可显著提高根际土壤多酚氧化酶、过氧化物酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶、磷酸单酯酶、过氧化氢酶活性。不同水肥调控下再生季稻根际土壤微生物对碳源的利用程度和碳源代谢的多样性差异显著，处理后10 d，GN处理和G处理根际微生物对6类碳源的利用程度显著高于S处理，GN处理根际土壤微生物对氨基酸、酚酸、羧酸类碳源的利用程度显著高于G处理。GN处理和G处理的根系伤流量分别比S处理的提高27.27%和14.84%，再生季分蘖数和产量分别比S处理的提高102.50%~111.11%、42.50%~44.44%和91.41%~108.72%、37.93%~40.94%。由此可见，再生季采用干湿交替灌溉或施用促苗肥均可提高根际土壤酶活性，促进再生季稻根际土壤微生物对碳源的利用程度和代谢多样性，从而有利于根际土壤有机质的氧化和腐殖质的形成及增加根际土壤中养分的有效性，促进再生季新根的形成和腋芽的萌发。采用干湿交替灌溉耦合促苗肥对再生季稻的促控效果是最佳的。

关键词: 再生稻, 水肥处理, 根际土壤酶活性, 根际微生物

Abstract:

Irrigation and fertilizer application regime is one of key measures for high and stable yield of ratooning rice, especially for middle or low stubble ratooning rice by machine-harvest. Ascertaining rational management of water and fertilization is important for improving the axillary bud germination rate of lower nodes in middle or low stubble ratooning rice by machine-harvest. With Luyoumingzhan as a test material, the effects of different irrigation and fertilizer application regimes on ratooning tillers, soil enzyme activity and rhizosphere microbial functional diversity of ratooning rice were studied by setting up three treatments: (1) dry-wet alternate irrigation and nitrogen application for ratooning bud development (GN), (2) dry-wet alternate irrigation and no nitrogen application for ratooning bud development (G), (3) flooding irrigation and no nitrogen application for ratooning bud development (S). The different irrigation and fertilization treatments had a significant impact on the rhizosphere Eh potential and rhizosphere soil enzymes. On the 10th day after treatment, the rhizosphere soil Eh levels and the activities of rhizosphere soil polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, phosphate monoester enzyme and hydrogen peroxide enzyme were significantly improved in G than in S. The activities of rhizosphere soil polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, urease, invertase, phosphate monoester enzyme and hydrogen peroxide enzyme were significantly improved in GN than in G. The rhizosphere soil microbe differed significantly in use of single carbon sources and diversity of carbon metabolism under different treatments. On the 10th day after treatment, the uses of single carbon sources and diversity of carbon metabolism in GN and G were significantly greater than those in S. The abilities to utilize amino acids, phenolic acids, carboxylic acid in GN were higher than those in G. Compared with S, bleeding rate of GN and G was increased by 27.27% and 14.84%, ratooning rice tiller and yield were increased by 102.50%–111.11%, 42.50%–44.44% and 91.41%–108.72%, 37.93%–40.94% respectively. All these results indicated that dry-wet alternate irrigation or nitrogen application for ratooning bud development could improve rhizosphere soil enzyme activities and promote the uses of single carbon sources and diversity of carbon metabolism, which is conducive to increasing the effectiveness of nutrient, the formation of new roots and the axillary buds germination. The effects of dry-wet alternate irrigation coupling with fertilizer are the best for ratooning rice growth.

Key words: Ratoon rice, Irrigation and fertilization treatments, Rhizosphere soil enzymes, Rhizosphere microorganisms

[1] 刘正忠. 再生稻头季机收关键技术分析. 农业科技通讯, 2013, (4): 118–120 Liu Z Z. Analysis on the machinery-harvested technique of ratoon rice at the first cropping season. Bull Agric Sci & Technol, 2013, (4): 118–120 (in Chinese with English abstract) [2] 刘秀斌, 刘正忠, 罗美玉. 再生稻头季机收留桩高度试验初报. 福建农业科技, 2014, (5): 13–15 Liu X B, Liu Z Z, Luo M Y. Primary trial report on machinery-harvested stubble height of ratoon rice at the first cropping season. Fujian Agric Sci & Technol, 2014, (5): 13–15 (in Chinese with English abstract) [3] 钱太平, 梅少华, 张 键, 喻均吉, 翟中兵, 方锡文, 陈建军, 张丛德, 魏坦雄. 再生稻不同留桩高度和收割方式的产量及其构成因素分析. 2015, 54(1): 14–17 Qian T P, Mei S H, Zhang J, Yu J J, Zhai Z B, Fang X W, Chen J J, Zhang C D, Wei T X. Yield and yield components of ratoon rice with different stubble height and harvest methods. Hubei Agric Sci, 2015, 54(1): 14–17 (in Chinese with English abstract) [4] 俞道标, 赵雅静, 黄顽春, 李小萍, 姜照伟, 陈双龙. 低桩机割再生稻生育特性和氮肥施用技术研究. 福建农业学报, 2012, 27: 485–490 Yu D B, Zhao Y J, Huang W C, Li X P, Jiang Z W, Chen S L. Growth characteristics and nitrogen application technique of ratoon rice with machine harvest in low cutting. Fujian J Agric Sci, 2012, 27: 485–490 (in Chinese with English abstract) [5] 张林, 郭晓艺, 刘茂, 熊洪, 朱永川, 周兴兵, 徐富贤. 杂交中稻再生芽生长的影响因素研究. 西南农业学报, 2010, 23(2): 21–26 Zhang L, Guo X Y, Liu M, Xiong H, Zhu Y C, Zhou X B, Xu F X. Factors for promoting ratooning bud growth of mid-season hybrid rice. Southwest China J Agric Sci, 2010, 23(2): 21–26 (in Chinese with English abstract) [6] 郑景生. 再生稻高产栽培特性与相关性状的基因定位研究. 福建农林大学博士学位论文, 福建福州, 2004 Zheng J S. The Characteristics of High-yielding Cultivation and Gene Mapping for Related Traits of Ratoon Rice (Oryza sativa L.). PhD Dissertation of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China, 2004 (in Chinese with English abstract) [7] 潘晓华, 王永瑞, 傅家瑞. 水稻根系生长生理的研究进展. 植物学通报, 1996, 13(2): 13–20 Pan X H, Wang Y R, Fu J R. Advance in the study on the growth-physiology in rice of root system (Oryza sativa). Chin Bull Bot, 1996, 13(2): 13–20 (in Chinese with English abstract) [8] 俞道标, 张燕, 赵雅静, 李小萍, 姜照伟, 陈双龙. 低桩机割再生稻氮肥施用技术研究. 中国农学通报, 2013, 29(36): 210–214 Yu D B, Zhang Y, Zhao Y J, Li X P, Jiang Z W, Chen S L. Nitrogen application technique of ratoon rice with machine harvest in low cutting. Chin Agric Sci Bull, 2013, 29(36): 210–214 (in Chinese with English abstract) [9] 黄水明. 机收低桩再生稻栽培技术研究. 福建农林大学硕士学位论文, 福建福州, 2010 Huang S M. Study on Low Pile Rationing Rice Cultivation Techniques. MS Thesis of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China, 2010 (in Chinese with English abstract) [10] 刘勇涛. 低桩再生稻促芽肥施用方法及低桩机割对再生季产量的影响. 福建稻麦科技, 2013, 31(2): 7–10 Liu Y T. Study on application method of bud fertilizer and influence on yield for II you 5928 as low stubble and machine harvesting. Fujian Sci & Technol Rice & Wheat, 2013, 31(2): 7–10 (in Chinese with English abstract) [11] 李春俭, 马玮, 张福锁. 根际对话及其对植物生长的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2008, 14: 178–183. Li C J, Ma W, Zhang F S. Rhizosphere talk and its impacts on plant growth. Plant Nutr Fert Sci, 2008, 14: 178–183 (in Chinese with English abstract) [12] 李合生. 植物生理生化实验原理和技术. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2000. pp 164–261 Li H S. The Experiment Principle and Technique on Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2000. pp 164–261 (in Chinese) [13] 关松荫, 张德生, 张志明. 土壤酶及其研究法. 北京: 农业出版社, 1986. pp 274–325 Guan S Y, Zhang D S, Zhang Z M. Soil Enzymes and Its Research Methods. Beijing: Agriculture Press, 1986. pp 274–325 (in Chinese) [14] 鲁如坤. 土壤农业化学分析方法. 北京: 中国农业科技出版社. 2000. pp 252–254 Lu R K. Analysis Method of Soil Agricultural Chemistry. Beijing: China Agricultural Science and Technology Press, 2000. pp 252–254 (in Chinese) [15] 万忠梅, 吴景贵. 土壤酶活性影响因子研究进展. 西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2005, 33(6): 87–92 Wan Z M, Wu J G. Study progress on factors affecting soil enzyme activity. J Northwest Sci-Tech Univ Agric & For (Nat Sci Edn), 2005, 33(6): 87–92 (in Chinese with English abstract) [16] 林文雄, 陈鸿飞, 张志兴, 徐倩华, 屠乃美, 方长旬, 任万军. 再生稻产量形成的生理生态特性与关键栽培技术的研究与展望. 中国生态农业学报, 2015, 23(4): 392-401 Li W X, Chen H F, Zhang Z X, Xu Q H, Tu N M, Fang C X, Ren W J. Research and prospect on physio-ecological properties of ratoon rice yield formation and its key cultivation technology. Chin J Eco-Agric, 2015, 23(4): 392-401 (in Chinese with English abstract) [17] 林文, 李义珍, 姜照伟, 郑景生. 再生稻根系形态和机能的品种间差异及与产量的关联性. 福建农业学报, 2001, (1): 1–4 Lin W, Li Y Z, Jiang Z W, Zheng J S. Morphologic and functional difference of root systems among ratooning rice varieties and its correlation with yield. Fujian J Agric Sci, 2001, (1): 1–4 (in Chinese with English abstract) [18] 俞道标, 赵雅静, 黄顽春, 李小萍, 姜照伟, 陈双龙. 低桩机割再生稻生育特性和氮肥施用技术研究. 福建农业学报, 2012, 27: 485–490 Yu D B, Zhao Y J, Huang W C, Li X P, Jiang Z W, Chen S L. Growth characteristics and nitrogen application technique of ratoon rice with machine harvest in low cutting. Fujian J Agric Sci, 2012, 27: 485–490 (in Chinese with English abstract) [19] 张福锁, 王激清, 张卫峰, 崔振岭, 马文奇, 陈新平, 江荣风. 中国主要粮食作物肥料利用率现状与提高途径. 土壤学报, 2008, 45: 915–924 Zhang F S, Wang J Q, Zhang W F, Cui Z L, Ma W Q, Cheng X P, Jiang R F. Nutrient use efficiencies of major cereal crops in China and measures for improvement. Acta Pedol Sin, 2008, 45: 915–924 (in Chinese with English abstract) [20] 沈建凯, 黄璜, 傅志强, 张亚, 陈灿, 金小马, 廖晓兰, 龙攀, 高文娟, 谢小婷. 规模化稻鸭生态种养对稻田杂草群落组成及物种多样性的影响. 中国生态农业学报, 2010, 18(1): 123–128 Shen J K, Huang H, Fu Z Q, Zhang Y, Chen C, Jin X M, Liao X L, Long P, Gao W J, Xie X T. Effect of large-scale rice-duck eco-farming on the composition and diversity of weed community in paddy fields. China J Eco-Agric, 2010, 18(1): 123–128 (in Chinese with English abstract) [21] 裴鹏刚,张均华,朱练峰,禹盛苗,金千瑜. 根际氧浓度调控水稻根系形态和生理特性研究进展. 中国稻米, 2013, 19(2): 6–8 Pei P G, Zhang J H, Zhu L F, Yu S M, Jin Q Y. Research progress on effects of rhizosphere dissolved Oxygen on root morphology and physiological characteristics in rice. China Rice, 2013, 19(2): 6–8 (in Chinese) [22] 胡婵娟, 郭雷, 刘国华. 黄土丘陵沟壑区不同植被恢复格局下土壤微生物群落结构. 生态学报, 2014, 34: 2986– 2995 Hu C J, Guo L, Liu G H. Soil microbial community structure under different vegetation restoration patterns in the loess hilly area. Acta Ecol Sin, 2014, 34: 2986–2995 (in Chinese with English abstract) [23] Waldrop M P, Zak D R, Sinsabaugh R L, Gallo M, Lauber C. Nitrogen deposition modifies soil carbon storage through changes in microbial enzymatic activity. Ecol Applic, 2004, 14: 1172–1177 [24] 周卫, 刘经荣, 张德远. 水稻土有机-无机肥料配合施用的效应(之四). 江西农业大学学报, 1990, (2): 24–31 Zhuo W, Liu J R, Zhang D Y. The Effect of mixed application of organic and inorganic fertilizers in paddy soil (the fourth report). Acta Agric Univ Jiangxicnsis, 1990, (2): 24–31 (in Chinese with English abstract) [25] 赵之重. 土壤酶与土壤肥力关系的研究. 青海大学学报(自然科学版), 1998, (3): 24–29 Zhao Z Z. The Relationships between soil enzyme and soil fertility. J Qinghai Univ, 1998, (3): 24–29 (in Chinese with English abstract) [26] 高子勤, 张淑香. 连作障碍与根际微生态研究: I. 根系分泌物及其生态效应. 应用生态学报, 1998, 9: 549–554 Gao Z Q, Zhang S X. Continuous cropping obstacle and rhizospheric microecology: I. Root exudates and their ecological effects. Chin J Appl Ecol, 1998, 9: 549–554 (in Chinese with English abstract) [27] 张淑香, 高子勤. 连作障碍与根际微生态研究: II. 根系分泌物与酚酸物质. 应用生态学报, 2000, 11: 153–157 Zhang S X, Gao Z Q. Continuous cropping obstacle and rhizospheric microecology: II. Root exudates and phenolic acids. Chin J Appl Ecol, 2000, 11: 153–157 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[1] 禹桃兵, 石琪晗, 年海, 连腾祥. 涝害对不同大豆品种根际微生物群落结构特征的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2021, 47(9): 1690-1702.
[2] 岳丹丹, 韩贝, Abid Ullah, 张献龙, 杨细燕. 干旱条件下棉花根际真菌多样性分析[J]. 作物学报, 2021, 47(9): 1806-1815.
[3] 黄素华, 林席跃, 雷正平, 丁在松, 赵明. 强再生力水稻品种碳氮营养与激素生理特征研究[J]. 作物学报, 2021, 47(11): 2278-2289.
[4] 覃潇敏,郑毅,汤利,龙光强. 玉米马铃薯间作对根际微生物群落结构和多样性的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2015, 41(06): 919-928.
[5] 易镇邪;周文新;秦鹏;屠乃美. 再生稻与同期抽穗主季稻源库流特性差异研究[J]. 作物学报, 2009, 35(1): 140-148.
[6] 林瑞余;陈鸿飞;邓家耀;梁义元;梁康迳;林文雄. 不同栽培模式早稻-再生稻的能量积累与热值分析[J]. 作物学报, 2007, 33(11): 1794-1801.
[7] 贾志红;孙敏;杨珍平;苗果园. 施肥对作物根际微生物的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2004, 30(05): 491-495.
[8] 熊洪;冉茂林;徐富贤;洪松. 南方稻区再生稻研究进展及发展[J]. 作物学报, 2000, 26(03): 297-304.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!
京ICP备15008789号-2