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作物学报

作物学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (12): 3144-3154.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.11117

所属专题： 小麦：耕作栽培·生理生化

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

高产高效型半冬性小麦品种的产量构成、氮素积累转运和籽粒品质特征分析

丁永刚(), 陈立, 董金鑫, 朱敏, 李春燕, 朱新开, 丁锦峰(), 郭文善()   

  1. 江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室 / 江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室 / 江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心 / 扬州大学小麦研究中心, 江苏扬州 225009
  • 收稿日期:2021-12-31 接受日期:2022-03-25 出版日期:2022-12-12 网络出版日期:2022-04-19
  • 通讯作者: 丁锦峰,郭文善
  • 作者简介:E-mail: dygwheat@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(31771711);国家自然科学基金项目(32172111);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300405);江苏省现代农业(小麦)产业技术体系, 江苏省高校优势学科建设项目, 江苏省科技副总经理项目(FZ20211472);宿迁千人领军人才聚集计划项目资助

Characteristics of yield components, nitrogen accumulation and translocation, and grain quality of semi-winter cultivars with high-yield and high-efficiency

DING Yong-Gang(), CHEN Li, DONG Jin-Xing, ZHU Min, LI Chun-Yan, ZHU Xin-Kai, DING Jin-Feng(), GUO Wen-Shan()   

  1. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology / Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops / Wheat Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2021-12-31 Accepted:2022-03-25 Published:2022-12-12 Published online:2022-04-19
  • Contact: DING Jin-Feng,GUO Wen-Shan
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(31771711);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172111);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300405);Technology System of Modern Agriculture Industry (wheat) in Jiangsu Province, the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, the Project of the Vice General Manager of Science and Technology of Jiangsu Province(FZ20211472);Plan of Gathering 1000 Leading Talents of Suqian

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摘要：

为给半冬性小麦优质、高产、高效协同生产提供理论依据, 在江苏睢宁连续3个小麦生长季, 以22个半冬性品种为材料进行大田试验。根据籽粒产量和氮肥利用效率, 通过系统聚类将品种分为高产高效(HH)、中产中效(MM)和低产低效(LL) 3个类型, 研究其产量构成、氮素吸收与利用和籽粒品质间差异。结果表明, 3个年度HH籽粒产量和氮肥利用效率均显著高于MM和LL。HH实现高产是由于具有显著高的总结实粒数, 即穗数和穗粒数的协同增加; 实现高效得益于高的氮肥吸收效率和氮肥生理利用效率。HH高的氮肥吸收效率是由于花前氮素积累量的提高, 有助于更多的氮素向籽粒转运, 进而提升籽粒氮素积累量。分析指示, 在一定范围内籽粒产量和总结实粒数可与单粒氮素积累量协同提升; 当籽粒产量高于9.5 t hm-2 或总结实粒数高于2.2×108 hm-2, 单粒氮素积累有下降趋势。蛋白质、湿面筋含量和沉降值表现为HH类型均显著高于MM和LL。综上所述, 高产高效型半冬性小麦品种具有高的总结实粒数、氮素吸收与转运量以及籽粒氮素积累的特征, 且因单粒氮素积累量提升, 改善了籽粒中蛋白相关品质。

关键词: 半冬性小麦品种, 籽粒产量, 氮肥利用效率, 产量构成, 氮素积累和转运, 籽粒品质

Abstract:

To provide a theoretical support for the synergic production of good quality, high yield, and high efficiency of semi-winter type wheat, the field experiment was conducted with 22 cultivars for three consecutive growth seasons in Suining, Jiangsu province, China. To investigate the differences in yield components, N uptake and utilization, and grain quality between the groups, according to grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), cultivars were divided into high-yield and -efficiency (HH), medium-yield and -efficiency (MM), and low-yield and -efficiency (LL) groups using systematic clustering. The results showed that grain yield and NUE of the HH group were significantly higher than MM and LL groups in the three wheat seasons. Compared with the other groups, HH group had a higher grain yield because of more grain numbers, namely, more spikes and grains per spike, and a greater NUE of HH group due to increasing N uptake efficiency (NUpE) and N utilization efficiency (NUtE). The high NUpE of HH group was mainly depended on improving N uptake before anthesis, which could promote N translocation into grains and increase N accumulation in grains. The results also indicated that grain yield and grain number were synergistically increased with N accumulation per grain in a certain range. When grain yield was more than 9.5 t hm-2 or the total grains were higher than 2.2×108 hm-2, N accumulation per grain was a decreasing trend. The grain protein content, wet gluten content, and sedimentation value of the HH group were significantly higher than MM and LL groups. In conclusion, the semi-winter cultivars with high-yield and high-efficiency had the characteristics of high grain number, strong N uptake and translocation ability, and high grain N accumulation. Furthermore, grain protein quality could be improved by enhancing N accumulation per grain.

Key words: semi-winter wheat cultivar, grain yield, nitrogen use efficiency, yield components, nitrogen accumulation and translocation, grain quality

表1

2016-2019年度小麦播种前0~20 cm土层基础地力"

取样日期
Sampling date
(year-month-day)		 速效氮
Available nitrogen
(mg kg-1)		 速效磷
Available phosphorus
(mg kg-1)		 速效钾
Available potassium
(mg kg-1)		 有机质
Organic matter
(g kg-1)
2016-11-18 71.09 16.03 103.00 15.29
2017-11-01 66.07 44.31 69.65 15.17
2018-10-30 106.00 43.20 116.00 11.70

图1

2016-2019年度小麦生育期间降水量和日平均温度"

表2

参试品种和审定时间"

序号Number 品种
Cultivar name		 审定时间
Released time		 序号
Number		 品种
Cultivar name		 审定时间
Released time
1 保麦2号 Baomai 2 2012 12 新麦26 Xinmai 26 2010
2 保麦5号 Baomai 5 2014 13 徐麦33 Xumai 33 2013
3 淮麦32 Huaimai 32 2012 14 徐麦9158 Xumai 9158 2014
4 淮麦33 Huaimai 33 2014 15 烟农19 Yannong 19 2001
5 江麦919 Jiangmai 919 2013 16 烟农999 Yannong 999 2016
6 连麦7号 Lianmai 7 2014 17 安农0711 Annong 0711 2014
7 明麦1号 Mingmai 1 2009 18 鄂麦580 Emai 580 2012
8 瑞华麦520 Ruihuamai 520 2015 19 鄂麦596 Emai 596 2009
9 冠麦1号Guanmai 1 2016 20 郑麦9023 Zhengmai 9023 2001
10 保麦6号 Baomai 6 2015 21 淮麦35 Huaimai 35 2013
11 中育1211 Zhongyu 1211 2017 22 济麦22 Jimai 22 2006

表3

参试小麦品种籽粒产量和氮肥利用效率聚类结果"

年份
Year		 类型
Group		 籽粒产量
Grain yield
(t hm-2)		 变异范围
Range
(t hm-2)		 氮肥利用效率 NUE
(kg kg-1)		 变异范围
Range
(kg kg-1)		 品种序号
Serial number of cultivars		 个数 Number 占比
Proportion (%)
2017 高产高效 HH 8.9 ± 0.4 a 8.2-9.5 23.3 ± 1.1 a 21.9-25.2 2, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 15, 21 9 41
中产中效 MM 8.2 ± 0.5 b 7.3-8.7 19.1 ± 1.7 b 16.1-21.1 3, 6, 7, 12, 13, 14, 16, 18, 19, 22 10 45
低产低效 LL 6.8 ± 0.4 c 6.5-7.2 13.0 ± 1.6 c 11.3-14.5 1, 17, 20 3 14
2018 高产高效 HH 7.4 ± 0.2 a 7.0-7.6 15.6 ± 1.0 a 14.0-16.9 2, 7, 13, 17, 20, 21, 22 7 32
中产中效 MM 6.7 ± 0.2 b 6.9-6.4 12.7 ± 0.5 b 12.1-13.5 3, 4, 9, 11, 14, 15 6 27
低产低效 LL 6.0 ± 0.3 c 5.2-6.3 10.2 ± 0.7 c 9.1-11.2 1, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 18, 19 9 41
2019 高产高效 HH 9.4 ± 0.4 a 8.6-9.8 19.2 ± 1.3 a 17.8-21.7 2, 4, 11, 13, 14, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22 11 50
中产中效 MM 8.9 ± 0.3 a 8.3-9.1 16.1 ± 0.4 b 15.6-16.7 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 18 6 27
低产低效 LL 8.0 ± 0.5 b 7.4-8.7 13.2 ± 1.5 c 11.8-14.4 1, 6, 8, 9, 12 5 23

表4

不同类型小麦品种产量构成因素差异"

年份
Year		 类型
Group		 穗数
Spike number (×104 hm-2)		 穗粒数
Grains per spike		 总结实粒数
Grain number (×108 hm-2)		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)
2017 高产高效 HH 513 ± 22 a 40.57 ± 0.78 a 2.08 ± 0.01 a 45.25 ± 0.78 a
中产中效 MM 475 ± 23 b 39.22 ± 1.91 a 1.87 ± 0.13 b 45.08 ± 0.05 a
低产低效 LL 419 ± 32 c 36.32 ± 2.81 b 1.51 ± 0.14 c 44.49 ± 0.04 a
2018 高产高效 HH 493 ± 16 a 38.19 ± 0.52 a 1.87 ± 0.67 a 41.07 ± 0.91 a
中产中效 MM 462 ± 25 b 38.14 ± 1.29 a 1.76 ± 0.92 b 39.19 ± 1.86 a
低产低效 LL 430 ± 22 c 36.43 ± 0.85 b 1.58 ± 0.80 c 39.13 ± 0.70 b
2019 高产高效 HH 592 ± 36 a 37.32 ± 0.80 a 2.20 ± 0.01 a 43.69 ± 1.05 a
中产中效 MM 569 ± 27 ab 37.50 ± 0.98 a 2.14 ± 0.01 a 42.57 ± 1.33 a
低产低效 LL 539 ± 10 b 35.10 ± 1.80 b 1.89 ± 0.11 b 43.28 ± 1.61 a

表5

不同小麦品种间籽粒产量和产量构成因素相关性分析"

产量构成
Yield component		 籽粒产量 Grain yield
2017 2018 2019
穗数 Spike number 0.87 ** 0.86 ** 0.78 **
穗粒数Grains per spike 0.68 ** 0.53 ** 0.60 **
总结实粒数 Total grains 0.86 ** 0.91 ** 0.86 **
千粒重1000-grain weight 0.23 ns 0.57 ** 0.27 ns

表6

不同类型小麦品种氮肥吸收效率和氮肥生理利用效率差异"

类型
Group		 2017 2018 2019
氮肥吸收效率
NUpE (%)		 氮肥生理利用效率
NUtE (kg kg-1)		 氮肥吸收效率
NUpE (%)		 氮肥生理利用效率
NUtE (kg kg-1)		 氮肥吸收效率
NUpE (%)		 氮肥生理利用效率
NUtE (kg kg-1)
高产高效 HH 50.1 ± 2.3 a 46.4 ± 0.9 a 44.8 ± 4.5 a 35.1 ± 4.0 a 48.1 ± 3.1 a 39.9 ± 2.8 a
中产中效 MM 42.6 ± 3.8 b 45.0 ± 3.8 a 35.4 ± 3.6 b 36.1 ± 4.3 a 42.4 ± 2.9 b 38.1 ± 2.6 a
低产低效 LL 35.4 ± 1.7 c 36.9 ± 5.4 b 31.1 ± 4.2 c 33.2 ± 4.5 a 39.3 ± 1.6 b 33.6 ± 3.5 b

图2

品种间氮肥利用效率和氮肥吸收效率、氮肥生理利用效率相关性分析 **、ns分别表示显著相关(P < 0.01)和相关性不显著(P > 0.05)。缩写同表3和表6。"

表7

不同类型小麦品种氮素积累和转运差异"

年份
Year		 类型
Group		 花前氮素积累量
NA at pre-anthesis
(kg hm-2)		 花后氮素积累量
NA at post-anthesis
(kg hm-2)		 花前氮素转运量
N translocation at pre-anthesis (kg hm-2)		 花前氮素转运率
N translocation efficiency at pre-anthesis (%)
2017 高产高效HH 177 ± 10 a 36.6 ± 4.1 a 122 ± 5 a 69.3 ± 2.6 a
中产中效MM 155 ± 14 b 35.0 ± 7.4 a 102 ± 12 b 65.7 ± 5.5 a
低产低效LL 126 ± 5 c 37.3 ± 2.3 a 85 ± 6 c 67.5 ± 2.3 a
2018 高产高效HH 160 ± 6 a 32.2 ± 9.0 a 120 ± 5 a 74.6 ± 6.4 a
中产中效MM 151 ± 4 b 30.2 ± 4.9 a 114 ± 6 a 74.9 ± 4.7 a
低产低效LL 141 ± 8 c 29.9 ± 3.6 a 102 ± 9 b 73.2 ± 3.7 a
2019 高产高效HH 175 ± 9 a 44.8 ± 8.3 a 127 ± 8 a 73.9 ± 4.3 a
中产中效MM 155 ± 9 ab 43.8 ± 9.2 a 113 ± 8 b 72.2 ± 3.4 a
低产低效LL 143 ± 12 b 43.1 ± 5.4 a 102 ± 3 c 71.6 ± 3.9 a

表8

不同小麦品种氮肥吸收效率与氮素积累、转运相关性分析"

氮素积累和转运
N accumulation and translocation		 氮肥吸收效率 NUpE (%)
2017 2018 2019
花前氮素积累量 NA at pre-anthesis 0.84 ** 0.86 ** 0.76 **
花后氮素积累量 NA at post-anthesis 0.15 ns 0.09 ns 0.50 *
花前氮素转运量 N translocation at pre-anthesis 0.80 ** 0.65 ** 0.61 **
花前氮素转运率 N translocation efficiency 0.15 ns 0.16 ns 0.01 ns

图3

不同类型小麦品种籽粒氮素积累量、成熟期营养器官氮素积累量和单粒氮素积累量差异 柱形图上不同小写字母表示品种类型间差异显著(P < 0.05)。缩写同表7。"

图4

不同品种间籽粒产量、总结实粒数和单粒氮素积累量的相关性 **表示在显著相关(P < 0.01)。缩写同表7。"

图5

不同类型小麦品种蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量和沉降值差异 柱形图上不同小写字母表示品种类型间差异显著(P < 0.05)。"

表9

单粒氮素积累量和蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量以及沉降值相关性分析"

品质性状
Quality trait		 单粒氮素积累量 NA per grain
2017 2018 2019
蛋白质含量 Protein content 0.73 ** 0.65 ** 0.80 **
湿面筋含量 Wet gluten content 0.63 ** 0.58 ** 0.68 **
沉降值Sedimentation value 0.70 ** 0.64 ** 0.52 *
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