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作物学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (1): 239-248.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.24009

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

施钙量对不同花生荚果发育时期光合碳在植株-土壤系统分配的影响

邹晓霞1,*(), 蔺益民1, 赵亚飞1, 刘燕1, 刘娟2, 王月福1, 王维华1,*()   

  1. 1青岛农业大学农学院 / 山东省旱作农业技术重点实验室, 山东青岛 266109
    2河南省农业科学院经济作物研究所, 河南郑州 450002
  • 收稿日期:2022-01-06 接受日期:2022-06-07 出版日期:2023-01-12 网络出版日期:2022-07-08
  • 通讯作者: 邹晓霞,王维华
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD1000905);山东省自然科学基金青年基金项目(ZR2019QC016)

Effects of calcium application on the distribution of photosynthetic carbon in plant-soil system at different peanut pod development stages

ZOU Xiao-Xia1,*(), LIN Yi-Min1, ZHAO Ya-Fei1, LIU Yan1, LIU Juan2, WANG Yue-Fu1, WANG Wei- Hua1,*()   

  1. 1College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University / Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Dryland Farming Technology, Qingdao 266109, Shandong, China
    2Industrial Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
  • Received:2022-01-06 Accepted:2022-06-07 Published:2023-01-12 Published online:2022-07-08
  • Contact: ZOU Xiao-Xia,WANG Wei- Hua
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFD1000905);Youth Fund Project of National Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2019QC016)

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摘要：

探究施钙对不同花生荚果发育时期光合碳在植株-土壤系统分配的影响, 有利于改善钙肥管理, 提升花生产量和土壤有机碳含量。本研究选用普通大花生品种‘花育22’, 设置CaO 0、75、150和300 kg hm-2 4个施钙梯度, 分别记为T0、T1、T2、T3, 于盆栽条件下研究施钙量对花生产量和不同荚果发育时期光合碳在花生植株-土壤系统中分配的影响。结果表明, 不同施钙量对花生植株总干物质积累无明显影响。适宜施钙量可显著降低花生千克果数和千克仁数, 提升花生出仁率、饱果率和荚果产量, 在2018年和2019年, T2处理荚果产量较T0可分别提升17.5%和25.1%。基于施钙量与花生荚果和籽仁产量的拟合分析发现, 当钙肥施用量为165 kg hm-2和173 kg hm-2时, 可分别获得最高的花生荚果和籽仁产量。适宜施钙量可明显提升鸡咀幼果期和荚果膨大期花生植株光合13C的积累量, 提升各荚果发育时期13C在花生籽仁中的分配比例, 其中, 在荚果定型期和籽仁充实期, T2和T3处理下13C在花生籽仁中的分配比例分别可达33.4%~37.2%和38.7%~40.0%。适宜施钙量还可提高花生植株光合13C在土壤中的分配比例, 最高可达52.6% (T2), 但随着花生荚果发育进程的推进, 此分配比例逐渐降低。综上, 适宜施钙量可调控不同花生荚果发育时期光合13C在植株-土壤系统的分配, 显著提升花生产量和光合13C在花生籽仁和土壤中的分配比例; 本研究条件下, 推荐适宜施钙量(CaO)为173 kg hm-2。

关键词: 13C脉冲标记, 光合碳, 干物质积累, 籽仁发育, 土壤碳积累

Abstract:

Investigating the effects of calcium application on the distribution of photosynthetic carbon in the plant-soil system at different stages of the development of peanut pods will help improve the management of calcium fertilizer, and increase the yield of peanut, and the concentration of soil organic carbon. In this study, the common large peanut variety ‘Huayu 22’ was selected, and four gradients of calcium were applied. They included CaO 0 kg hm-2, 75 kg hm-2, 150 kg hm-2, and 300 kg hm-2, and were designated T0, T1, T2, and T3, respectively. These treatments were established to explore the effects of calcium application on peanut yield and the distribution of photosynthetic carbon in the plant-soil system at different stages of peanut pod development. The results showed that the total dry matter accumulation of peanut plants was not affected by the application of different amounts of calcium. The application of a suitable amount of calcium significantly reduced the number of peanut fruit and kernel per kilogram, increased the kernel percent, full pod percent and pod yield, and in 2018 and 2019, the T2 treatment increased the pod yield by 17.5% and 25.1% compared with T0, respectively. A fitting analysis of the calcium applied with the peanut pod and kernel yield revealed that the highest peanut pod and kernel yield could be obtained when the calcium applications were 165 kg hm-2 and 173 kg hm-2, respectively. The application of a suitable amount of calcium significantly increased the photosynthetic 13C accumu-lation in peanut plants at the young fruit and pod bulking stages, increased the proportion of 13C in peanut kernels at different pod development and the pod setting and kernel filling stages. The proportion of 13C in the peanut kernels under the T2 and T3 treatments was 33.4%-37.2% and 38.7%-40.0%, respectively. The proportion of 13C in the soil also increased when a suitable amount of calcium was applied. The increase was as high as 52.6% (T2), but with the development in peanut pods, the proportion of 13C in soil decreased gradually. In conclusion, the application of an appropriate amount of calcium can regulate the distribution of photosynthetic 13C in the plant-soil system at different pod development stages of peanut and significantly improved the peanut yield and proportion of photosynthetic 13C in peanut kernel and soil. Under the conditions of this study, the recommended amount of calcium to apply was 173 kg hm-2.

Key words: 13C pulse labeling, photosynthetic carbon, dry matter accumulation, peanut kernel development, soil carbon accumulation

表1

13C脉冲标记时期"

下针后天数
Days after pegging (d)		 荚果发育时期
Pod development period
6 鸡咀幼果期Young fruit stage
18 荚果膨大期Pod bulking stage
30 荚果定型期Pod setting stage
48 籽仁充实期Kernel filling stage

表2

不同施钙量对花生植株各器官干物质积累的影响"

年份
Year		 花生植株器官
Peanut organ		 处理Treatment
T0 T1 T2 T3
2018 茎Stem 15.90±0.83 a 14.11±0.44 b 13.92±0.27 b 14.32±0.12 b
叶Leaf 9.29±1.30 a 9.32±0.59 a 9.34±1.17 a 9.89±1.65 a
荚果Pod 29.93±1.53 d 32.84±1.11 c 40.5±1.89 a 36.67±1.42 b
根Root 3.92±0.54 a 3.58±0.30 a 3.08±0.35 a 2.95±0.32 a
果针Peg 3.10±0.32 a 3.19±0.23 a 2.66±0.28 a 2.53±0.71 a
总干重Total dry matter 62.14±4.22 a 63.04±3.17 a 69.50±4.86 a 66.36±4.12 a
2019 茎Stem 11.74±0.14 a 11.06±1.41 ab 10.79±0.32 b 10.49±0.12 b
叶Leaf 8.74±2.39 a 9.02±2.08 a 10.60±0.94 a 9.76±2.29 a
荚果Pod 26.13±1.96 b 28.33±1.65 b 31.83±1.65 a 29.26±1.9 ab
根Root 3.17±0.40 a 3.11±0.29 a 3.09±0.22 a 2.69±0.16 a
果针Peg 2.38±0.36 a 2.22±0.72 a 2.88±0.45 a 2.34±0.20 a
总干重Total dry matter 52.18±5.28 a 53.74±6.17 a 59.19±3.60 a 54.56±4.69 a

图1

施钙处理对不同荚果发育时期下花生植株各器官13C积累量的影响 不同小写字母表示同一标记时期内花生植株总13C积累量在不同施钙量间差异显著(P < 0.05)。YFS: 鸡咀幼果期; PBS: 荚果膨大期; PSS: 荚果定型期; KFS: 籽仁充实期。处理同表2。"

图2

施钙处理对不同荚果发育时期下花生植株各器官13C分配的影响 不同小写字母表示同一标记时期内花生各器官13C分配比例在不同施钙量间差异显著(P < 0.05)。YFS: 鸡咀幼果期; PBS: 荚果膨大期; PSS: 荚果定型期; KFS: 籽仁充实期。处理同表2。"

图3

施钙处理对不同荚果发育时期下0~20 cm土层土壤13C积累量的影响 不同小写字母表示同一标记时期内土壤13C积累量在不同施钙处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。YFS: 鸡咀幼果期; PBS: 荚果膨大期; PSS: 荚果定型期; KFS: 籽仁充实期。处理同表2。"

图4

施钙处理对不同荚果发育时期下13C在花生-土壤系统中分配比例的影响 不同小写字母表示同一标记时期内不同处理间13C积累量在花生植株或土壤中的分配比例差异显著(P < 0.05)。YFS: 鸡咀幼果期; PBS: 荚果膨大期; PSS: 荚果定型期; KFS: 籽仁充实期。处理同表2。"

图5

施钙处理对花生-土壤系统13C积累量影响的主成分分析 缩写同图1。"

表3

不同施钙量对花生产量及产量性状的影响"

年份
Year		 产量及产量性状
Yield and its characteristics		 处理Treatment
T0 T1 T2 T3
2018 荚果产量Yield (kg 667 m-2) 335.01±17.28 b 351.75±20.11 b 393.75±18.88 a 367.87±13.49 ab
千克果数Pod number per kg 684±45 a 663±33 a 597±35 b 650±6 a
千克仁数Kernel number per kg 1234±48 a 1204±39 ab 1137±36 b 1167±41 ab
出仁率Kernel percent (%) 66.1±1.1 b 67.0±4.2 ab 71.2±2.4 a 68.9±2.9 a
双仁果率Double-seed pod percent (%) 56.0±1.0 a 57.0±2.2 a 59.1±3.9 a 58.5±3.8 a
饱果率Full pod percent (%) 46.2±5.4 b 50.1±4.3 b 58.8±4.1 a 56.3±1.3 ab
2019 荚果产量Yield (kg 667 m-2) 296.96±21.54 b 311.67±22.56 b 371.36±25.47 a 335.3±23.97 ab
千克果数Pod number per kg 721±42 a 695±41 ab 618±37 c 650±38 bc
千克仁数Kernel number per kg 1338±62 a 1272±56 ab 1179±48 b 1258±43 ab
出仁率Kernel percent (%) 62.4±2.2 b 65.9±2.5 b 71.9±3.0 a 67.6±2.8 ab
双仁果率Double-seed pod percent (%) 61.1±2.4 a 60.3±2.4 a 63.7±2.6 a 62.7±2.5 a
饱果率Full pod percent (%) 52.0±2.0 b 53.3±2.9 b 64.3±4.0 a 53.2±3.4 b

图6

施钙量与花生荚果产量和籽仁产量的多项式拟合"

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