作物学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (5): 1327-1338.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.22033
陶玥玥1(), 盛雪雯3, 徐坚2, 沈园1, 王海候1, 陆长婴1, 沈明星1,*()
TAO Yue-Yue1(), SHENG Xue-Wen3, XU Jian2, SHEN Yuan1, WANG Hai-Hou1, LU Chang-Ying1, SHEN Ming-Xing1,*()
摘要:
为提升长江流域水稻-油菜周年产量潜力和资源利用效率, 2017—2021年于江苏苏州布置田间定位试验, 以中熟晚粳水稻-垄作摆栽油菜传统模式为对照, 对比研究了新型迟熟中粳水稻-直播油菜模式干物质产量、水稻籽粒产量、温光资源分配和利用特征及经济效益。结果表明, 与常规模式相比, 新型模式油菜季温和光生产效率分别显著提高了24.1%和20.6%, 水稻季温、光生产效率无显著变化。新型模式下油菜干物质产量显著提高了18.2%, 但水稻籽粒和干物质产量分别显著下降了17.6%和15.5%。常规模式中水稻和油菜两季积温分配率分别为63.9%和36.1%, 积温比值为1.77; 新型模式周年积温量减少588℃, 其中水稻积温减少483℃, 油菜季周年积温分配率增加了1.8%, 两季积温比值下降为1.64。新型模式较常规模式增加周年效益31.4%, 提高油菜种植效益2.2倍, 而降低水稻种植效益17.4%。由此, 以迟熟中粳水稻搭配后季直播油菜新型模式, 可显著提高了油菜季产量、温光生产效率与经济效益, 提升周年种植效益。在兼顾粮饲安全和经济效益的前提下, 新型水稻-油菜模式可作为长期单一化水稻、油菜或小麦两熟制轮作模式之一。
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