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作物学报 ›› 2008, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (03): 513-519.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2008.00513

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

起身肥对水稻分蘖和氮素吸收利用的影响

郑永美;丁艳锋;王强盛;李刚华;王惠芝;王绍华*   

  1. 南京农业大学农业部作物生长调控重点开放实验室,江苏南京210095
  • 收稿日期:2007-04-27 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2008-03-12 网络出版日期:2008-03-12
  • 通讯作者: 王绍华

Effect of Nitrogen Applied before Transplanting on Tillering and Nitrogen Utilization in Rice

ZHENG Yong-Mei,DING Yan-Feng,WANG Qiang-Sheng,LI Gang-Hua,WANG Hui-Zhi,WANG Shao-Hua*   

  1. Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2007-04-27 Revised:1900-01-01 Published:2008-03-12 Published online:2008-03-12
  • Contact: WANG Shao-Hua

摘要: 以宁粳2号为材料, 通过塑盘穴播育秧,带土、带肥移栽,研究了起身肥对水稻分蘖的发生、氮素积累量、氮肥利用率和产量的影响。结果表明,移栽后17 d,基蘖肥水平相同条件下,起身肥处理 (N-100%) 群体茎蘖数比非起身肥处理 (CK) 高3´105 hm-2。有效分蘖临界叶龄期N-100%处理中,>3叶龄分蘖比率显著高于CK。与CK相比,N-100%处理多施5.55 kg N hm-2,而分蘖成穗率、有效穗数、氮素积累量、氮肥利用率和产量均显著提高。N-75%处理 (施起身肥,基蘖肥施量为常规的75%) 中,总施肥量比CK低32.4 kg N hm-2,而氮素积累量和氮肥利用率均高于CK。N-50%处理 (施起身肥,基蘖肥施量为常规的50%) 基蘖肥水平过低,影响分蘖的发生与生长,与CK相比,氮肥利用率和产量都显著降低。因此,适量的起身肥可以促进分蘖的早生快发,提高水稻的分蘖成穗率,减少基蘖氮肥的施用量,促进水稻对氮肥的吸收和利用,提高氮素积累量和氮肥利用率。

关键词: 水稻, 塑盘穴播, 起身肥, 氮肥利用率, 产量

Abstract: Nitrogen (N) before transplanting, applied in seedling-bed and carried to the paddy field with seedlings is proposed in this paper. The effect of this method on tillering, N accumulation, N fertilizer utilization efficiency (NUE), and grain yield were investigated in a field experiment with a japonica cultivar Ningjing 2. The results indicated that, on the condition of equal basic and tillering N fertilizer, the tillers number in the treatment of nitrogen fertilizer applied before transplanting (N-100%) was 300 thousand ha-1 higher than that in treatment of no N fertilizer applied before transplanting (CK). At the critical stage of productive tiller, the tillers rate with leaf age >3 in N-100% treatment was remarkably higher than that in CK. Compared with CK, the rate of effective tillers, number of effective panicles, N accumulation, NUE, and grain yield of N-100% treatment were markedly increased. But the application of N was only 5.55 kg ha-1 more than that of CK. In N-75% treatment the application of N was 32.4 kg ha-1 lower than that in CK, while N accumulation and NUE were higher than those in CK. Compared with CK, N application of N-50% treatment was too lower, therefore it had negative effect on accelerating tiller’s development. As a result NUE and grain yield of N-50% treatment were observably lower than that of CK. The results suggested that proper N fertilizer applied before transplanting had positive effect on accelerating tiller’s development, and enhancing rate of effective tillers. Moreover, application of N fertilizer before transplanting could reduce the quantity of basic and tillering N fertilizer, speed absorption and utilization of N fertilizer, and increase N accumulation and NUE in rice.

Key words: Rice, Plastic-plate dotsow, Nitrogen fertilizer applied before transplanting, Nitrogen utilization efficiency, Yield

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