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作物学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (1): 221-232.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.34189

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

行距配置和种植密度对棉花干物质生产及产量的影响

辛明华1(), 秘雅迪1(), 王国平1, 李小飞1, 李亚兵1, 董合林1,2, 韩迎春1, 冯璐1,*()   

  1. 1中国农业科学院棉花研究所 / 棉花生物学国家重点实验室, 河南安阳 455000
    2中国农业科学院西部农业研究中心, 新疆昌吉 831100
  • 收稿日期:2023-11-13 接受日期:2024-09-18 出版日期:2025-01-12 网络出版日期:2024-10-11
  • 通讯作者: 冯璐
  • 作者简介:辛明华, E-mail: xinminghua985@126.com;
    秘雅迪, E-mail: miyadi1999@163.com第一联系人：**同等贡献
  • 基金资助:
    新疆维吾尔自治区乡村振兴产业发展科技行动项目(2024NC064);棉花生物育种与综合利用全国重点实验室开放课题(CB2023C02);新疆自治区“天池英才”引进计划项目资助。

Effect of row spacing configuration and density regulation on dry matter production and yield in cotton

XIN Ming-Hua1(), MI Ya-Di1(), WANG Guo-Ping1, LI Xiao-Fei1, LI Ya-Bing1, DONG He-Lin1,2, HAN Ying-Chun1, FENG Lu1,*()   

  1. 1Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
    2Institute of Western Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural sciences, Changji 831100, Xinjiang, China
  • Received:2023-11-13 Accepted:2024-09-18 Published:2025-01-12 Published online:2024-10-11
  • Contact: FENG Lu
  • About author:First author contact:**Contributed equally to this work
  • Supported by:
    Science and Technology Action Project for Industrial Development in Rural Revitalization of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2024NC064);Open Project of National Key Laboratory of Cotton Biological Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization(CB2023C02);Tianchi Talent Introduction Plan of Xinjiang.

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摘要：

行距配置和种植密度是影响棉花产量和品质的重要因素。当前新疆棉花种植主要采用宽窄行配置, 也有等行距配置方式, 但对这两种方式的认识尚存在争议。为此, 本研究以中棉所88号为供试材料, 采用裂区设计, 行距配置(等行距和宽窄行)为主区, 种植密度12×104株 hm-2 (D1)、16×104株 hm-2 (D2)和18×104株 hm-2 (D3)为裂区, 开展了2年大田试验, 比较研究了行距配置和密度对棉花群体生长发育、干物质积累和分配、以及产量和纤维品质的影响。结果表明, 中等密度(16×104株 hm-2)下等行距和宽窄行处理组合的叶面积指数(LAI)增速、LAI峰值, 以及吐絮期生殖器官生物量的分配比例均高于其他处理组合, 且二者无显著差异。各处理组合间的棉花群体生长率(CGR)、净同化率(NAR)和棉铃生长率(BGR)均无显著差异。2年平均, 中等密度下等行距和宽窄行处理组合的籽棉产量相当, 纤维品质指标也无显著差异。表明在中等密度下, 无论采用等行距还是宽窄行种植模式, 均能达到理想的产量和品质。本研究为新疆棉花行距配置和密度选择提供了科学依据。

关键词: 棉花, 单双行配置, 密度, 生长指标, 干物质积累与分配, 产量及品质

Abstract:

Row spacing configuration and plant density are critical factors influencing cotton yield and fiber quality. In Xinjiang, cotton is primarily planted using a wide-narrow row spacing system, though equal row spacing is also used. However, there is ongoing debate regarding the effectiveness of these two methods. To clarify this, a two-year field experiment was conducted using the cotton variety Zhongmian 88. A split-plot design was employed, with row spacing configurations (equal row spacing and wide-narrow row spacing) as the main plot and planting densities 12×104 plants hm-2 (D1), 16×104 plants hm-2 (D2), and 18×104 plants hm-2 (D3) as the sub-plots. The study aimed to compare the effects of row spacing configuration and plant density on cotton population growth, dry matter accumulation and distribution, as well as yield and fiber quality. The results showed that the growth rate of leaf area index (LAI), the peak LAI, and the proportion of reproductive organ biomass at the boll opening stage were higher in both equal rows spacing and wide-narrow row spacing at intermediate density (16×104 plants hm-2) compared to the other treatment combinations, with no significant differences between the two configurations. Additionally, no significant differences were found among treatments for cotton growth rate (CGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), and boll growth rate (BGR). Over the two years, seed cotton yields were similar for equal row spacing and wide-narrow row spacing at medium density, with no significant differences in fiber quality. A comprehensive analysis over both years concluded that under medium density, both row spacing configurations can achieve optimal yield and fiber quality. This study provides a scientific basis for selecting row spacing configurations and planting densities for cotton cultivation in Xinjiang.

Key words: cotton, single and double row configurations, densities, growth indicators, dry matter accumulation and partitioning, yield and quality

图1

试验地2020-2021年棉花生育期的气象条件"

图2

等行距和宽窄行种植示意图"

图3

各处理叶面积指数变化 B1D1: 等行距低密度; B1D2: 等行距中密度; B1D3: 等行距高密度; B2D1: 宽窄行低密度; B2D2: 宽窄行中密度; B2D3: 宽窄行高密度; SE: 苗期; SQ: 蕾期; FL: 开花期; BD: 盛铃期; BO: 吐絮期。不同小写字母表示同一年份处理间在0.05概率水平差异显著。"

表1

叶面积指数生长曲线拟合参数"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 T1
(d)		 T2
(d)		 ΔT
(d)		 Vm
(m2 m-2 d-1)		 Wm GT
(m2 m-2)
2020 B1 D1 61 82 21 0.14 3.21 3.15
D2 62 87 25 0.12 3.94 3.25
D3 62 84 22 0.13 4.12 3.08
B2 D1 55 72 17 0.15 2.44 2.38
D2 55 76 21 0.13 3.25 2.52
D3 54 74 20 0.14 2.92 2.47
2021 B1 D1 61 85 24 0.12 3.28 3.36
D2 62 90 28 0.10 4.11 3.64
D3 61 87 26 0.11 4.17 3.38
B2 D1 57 77 20 0.14 2.96 2.40
D2 60 85 25 0.13 3.54 2.53
D3 57 80 23 0.13 3.43 2.51

表2

单双行配置和密度对棉花吐絮期干物质积累的影响"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 根
Roots
(kg hm-2)		 茎
Stems
(kg hm-2)		 叶
Leaves
(kg hm-2)		 生殖器官
Reproduction organ
(kg hm-2)		 总干物质
Total dry matter weight
(kg hm-2)
2020 B1 D1 1287 c 4158 d 898 b 7945 c 14,289 c
D2 2559 a 11,712 a 1807 a 18,507 b 34,584 a
D3 2186 ab 5491 bc 2121 a 9290 c 19,088 b
B2 D1 1398 c 4814 cd 1149 b 10,912 c 18,273 b
D2 2377 ab 10,881 a 1868 a 22,210 a 37,336 a
D3 2025 b 6639 b 2133 a 8956 c 19,753 b
变异来源
Source of variance		 B 0.562 0.345 0.449 0.039 0.023
D < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001
B×D 0.604 0.075 0.761 0.197 0.380
2021 B1 D1 1432 d 4740 c 1196 d 12,400 c 19,768 d
D2 2578 b 9264 ab 3981 a 21,103 b 36,926 b
D3 2376 b 8734 b 2289 bc 15,651 c 29,051 c
B2 D1 982 e 4576 c 1797 cd 6943 d 14,299 e
D2 3068 a 1074 a 2695 b 29,942 a 46,447 a
D3 1847 c 5156 c 2736 b 10,497 cd 20,236 d
变异来源
Source of variance		 B 0.121 0.121 0.701 0.660 0.265
D < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001
B×D 0.002 0.002 0.004 0.001 < 0.001

图4

单双行配置和密度对棉花吐絮期干物质分配比例的影响 不同小写字母表示同一年份处理间在0.05概率水平差异显著。缩写同图3。"

表3

种植模式和种植密度对棉花群体生长参数的影响"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 群体生长率
CGR
(g m-2 d-1)		 棉铃生长率
BGR
(g m-2 d-1)		 净同化率
NAR
(g m-2 d-1)		 生殖器官与营养器官分配比例
RVR
2020 B1 D1 28.1 a 14.1 a 11.4 a 1.7 a
D2 31.2 a 15.8 a 12.9 a 2.1 a
D3 30.9 a 15.2 a 12.7 a 1.8 a
B2 D1 26.9 a 13.3 a 9.2 b 1.6 a
D2 31.6 a 15.4 a 12.8 a 2.0 a
D3 30.4 a 14.6 a 11.5 a 1.8 a
变异来源
Source of variance		 B 0.448 0.350 0.042 0.184
D 0.360 0.110 0.138 0.078
B×D 0.180 0.235 0.283 0.145
2021 B1 D1 29.7 a 18.5 a 12.1 a 1.8 a
D2 31.6 a 21.1 a 13.5 a 2.2 a
D3 31.2 a 20.3 a 12.9 a 2.1 a
B2 D1 29.4 a 17.2 a 9.0 b 1.8 a
D2 31.3 a 18.4 a 13.1 a 2.1 a
D3 31.2 a 17.9 a 12.3 a 1.9 a
变异来源
Source of variance		 B 0.184 0.380 0.040 0.225
D 0.700 0.127 0.217 0.075
B×D 0.148 0.286 0.286 0.083

表4

种植模式和种植密度对棉花产量和纤维品质的影响"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 上半部平均长度
Upper half mean length
(mm)		 整齐度指数
Uniformity
(%)		 断裂比强度
Strength
(cN tex-1)		 马克隆值
Micronaire		 断裂伸长率
Breaking
elongation
(%)		 籽棉产量
Seed cotton yield
(kg hm-2)
2020 B1 D1 28.7 a 84.5 a 30.4 b 4.1 b 6.8 a 5621 ab
D2 28.5 a 84.8 a 30.8 a 4.9 a 6.8 a 5897 a
D3 28.4 a 85.2 a 30.5 b 4.3 b 6.8 a 5650 ab
B2 D1 28.4 a 84.4 a 29.4 c 4.2 b 6.8 a 5582 b
D2 27.2 a 84.8 a 31.0 a 4.4 b 6.8 a 5744 a
D3 27.0 a 85.0 a 29.1 c 4.4 b 6.7 a 5625 ab
变异来源
Source of variance		 B 0.108 0.175 0.246 0.774 0.107 0.347
D 0.282 0.192 0.031 0.035 0.214 0.013
B×D 0.072 0.804 0.204 0.774 0.109 0.535
2021 B1 D1 28.9 a 83.7 b 26.6 b 4.6 a 6.5 a 5679 b
D2 28.2 a 84.4 a 27.8 a 4.8 a 6.6 a 6162 a
D3 27.4 a 84.6 a 27.2 a 4.0 b 6.5 a 5974 ab
B2 D1 27.5 a 83.1 b 25.5 c 4.0 b 6.5 a 5644 b
D2 27.4 a 84.1 a 27.2 a 4.1 b 6.6 a 6127 a
D3 27.3 a 84.3 a 26.5 b 3.9 b 6.5 a 5825 ab
变异来源
Source of variance		 B 0.147 0.048 0.417 0.489 0.348 0.218
D 0.576 0.565 0.023 0.032 0.866 0.041
B×D 0.394 0.996 0.413 0.862 0.970 0.341
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