小豆产量相关性状的基因型与环境互作效应及稳定性分析

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.54049

作物学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (10): 2581-2594.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.54049

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇下一篇

小豆产量相关性状的基因型与环境互作效应及稳定性分析

胡亮亮¹(), 周洪妹²(), 王晓磊³(), 王素华¹, 李彩菊², 魏云山³, 王丽侠¹, 程须珍¹^,^*(), 陈红霖¹^,^*()

¹中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 / 农业农村部粮食作物基因资源评价利用重点实验室, 北京 100081
²保定市农业科学院, 河北保定 071051
³赤峰市农牧科学院, 内蒙古赤峰 024031

收稿日期:2025-04-14 接受日期:2025-07-09 出版日期:2025-10-12 网络出版日期:2025-07-18
通讯作者: *陈红霖, E-mail: chenhonglin@caas.cn;程须珍, E-mail: chengxuzhen@caas.cn
作者简介:胡亮亮, E-mail: hu15101081634@163.com;
周洪妹, E-mail: zhouhongmei-2001@163.com;
王晓磊, E-mail: xiaolei2785@126.com
**同等贡献
基金资助:
财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-08-G04);中国农业科学院创新工程项目(01-ICS-07)

Analysis of genotype × environment interaction and stability of yield-related traits in adzuki bean (Vigna angularis)

HU Liang-Liang¹(), ZHOU Hong-Mei²(), WANG Xiao-Lei³(), WANG Su-Hua¹, LI Cai-Ju², WEI Yun-Shan³, WANG Li-Xia¹, CHENG Xu-Zhen¹^,^*(), CHEN Hong-Lin¹^,^*()

¹Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
²Baoding Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoding 071051, Hebei, China
³Chifeng Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry, Chifeng 024031, Inner Mongolia, China

Received:2025-04-14 Accepted:2025-07-09 Published:2025-10-12 Published online:2025-07-18
Contact: *E-mail: chenhonglin@caas.cn;E-mail: chengxuzhen@caas.cn
About author:First author contact:**Contributed equally to this work
Supported by:
China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-08-G04);Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(01-ICS-07)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明确我国小豆主栽品种的产量潜力、适应性与稳定性, 并指导区域化应用与育种, 本研究于2022年和2023年在我国主要产区遴选8个代表性生态试验点, 对15个小豆基因型进行了多点试验。运用联合方差分析、相关性分析、加性主效应与乘性互作(AMMI)模型及基因型与环境互作效应(GGE)双标图等方法, 对产量及相关农艺性状进行了系统评价。联合方差分析结果表明, 环境是影响除百粒重外各性状变异的主要驱动因素, 百粒重主要受基因型控制。基因型与环境互作效应对产量和主茎分枝数影响极显著。相关性分析显示, 单株荚数是决定产量的关键因子, 二者呈极显著正相关。AMMI与GGE分析揭示了显著的基因型×环境互作效应, 明确了基因型的特定适应区域与稳定性差异。综合评价显示, 赤红3号(G5)表现出高产潜力, 最接近理想基因型; 保红201429-8(G8)等基因型兼具高产与稳产特性；环境评价表明, 榆林(E5)试验点因其优良的代表性和区分能力, 被鉴定为理想测试环境。本研究表明, 环境效应对小豆产量性状具有显著影响, 基因型与环境互作是品种选育和推广中充分考量的关键因素，且单株荚数可作为小豆高产育种的核心选择指标。本研究为我国小豆育种策略的优化和品种的精准推广提供了关键数据支持与科学指导。

Abstract:

To evaluate the yield potential, adaptability, and stability of major cultivated adzuki bean varieties in China—and to provide guidance for regional application and breeding strategies—this study conducted multi-location trials involving 15 adzuki bean genotypes across eight representative ecological testing sites in major production areas during 2022 and 2023. A combination of joint variance analysis, correlation analysis, the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model, and genotype-by-environment interaction (GGE) biplot analysis was used to comprehensively assess yield and related agronomic traits. The results from the combined ANOVA showed that environmental factors were the primary drivers of variation in all traits except 100-seed weight, which was mainly influenced by genotype. The genotype × environment (G×E) interaction had a highly significant effect on yield and the number of main stem branches. Correlation analysis indicated that yield was strongly positively correlated with the number of pods per plant, identifying it as the core factor determining yield. AMMI and GGE analyses precisely revealed complex G×E interaction patterns, clarifying the specific adaptation zones and stability differences among genotypes. Comprehensive evaluation showed that genotype G5 exhibited high yield potential and was closest to an ideal genotype; genotypes such as G8 possessed both high yield and stable performance. Environmental assessment indicated that the Yulin (E5) testing site, owing to its excellent representativeness and discrimination ability, was identified as an ideal testing environment. Overall, the study confirms that environmental effects play a dominant role in shaping yield-related traits in adzuki bean, and that genotype × environment interaction must be fully considered in variety selection and promotion, and the number of pods per plant can serve as a core selection index for high-yield breeding. This study provides key data support and scientific guidance for the optimization of adzuki bean breeding strategies and the precise promotion of varieties in China.

Key words: adzuki bean (Vigna angularis), yield-related traits, genotype × environment interaction (G×E), stability, GGE biplot

胡亮亮, 周洪妹, 王晓磊, 王素华, 李彩菊, 魏云山, 王丽侠, 程须珍, 陈红霖. 小豆产量相关性状的基因型与环境互作效应及稳定性分析[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(10): 2581-2594.

HU Liang-Liang, ZHOU Hong-Mei, WANG Xiao-Lei, WANG Su-Hua, LI Cai-Ju, WEI Yun-Shan, WANG Li-Xia, CHENG Xu-Zhen, CHEN Hong-Lin. Analysis of genotype × environment interaction and stability of yield-related traits in adzuki bean (Vigna angularis)[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(10): 2581-2594.

图/表 11

表1

表2

表3

参试小豆基因型产量相关性状表型统计"

基因型 Genotype	参数 Parameter	株高 PH (cm)	主茎分枝数 NPB	单株荚数 PPP	单荚粒数 SPP	百粒重 HSW (g)	产量 YD (kg hm^-2)
G1	最小值 Min.	28.5	1.3	14.4	6.5	7.30	284.4
	最大值 Max.	55.7	5.5	51.6	12.0	12.22	2273.1
	平均值±标准差 Mean±SD	42.7±9.1	3.1±1.2	27.7±13.3	8.1±1.7	9.50±1.73	1283.4±627.8
G2	最小值 Min.	30.1	1.5	15.3	5.1	10.73	735.4
	最大值 Max.	77.2	4.7	43.5	11.7	15.40	2235.8
	平均值±标准差 Mean±SD	50.7±16.9	3.0±0.9	26.9±9.9	7.3±1.8	13.44±1.84	1435.2±459.6
G3	最小值 Min.	25.9	0.6	17.6	5.5	8.21	775.5
	最大值 Max.	67.9	4.5	55.7	11.5	12.98	2717.5
	平均值±标准差 Mean±SD	49.9±15.9	2.2±1.2	32.2±13.2	7.8±1.6	10.06±1.54	1560.0±562.0
G4	最小值 Min.	32.4	1.1	13.4	5.0	10.64	880.5
	最大值 Max.	68.0	3.2	49.8	11.6	13.93	2277.8
	平均值±标准差 Mean±SD	48.5±14.8	2.4±0.6	27.8±11.6	8.1±1.8	12.34±1.03	1469.2±379.2
G5	最小值 Min.	28.7	1.3	12.1	4.8	7.84	940.5
	最大值 Max.	70.7	4.0	49.5	11.1	13.42	2623.5
	平均值±标准差 Mean±SD	47.0±14.3	2.7±0.9	32.6±11.5	7.4±1.7	11.24±1.81	1560.3±472.0
G6	最小值 Min.	36.0	1.5	11.5	4.9	12.64	944.2
	最大值 Max.	92.5	3.7	37.9	11.0	21.93	2291.8
	平均值±标准差 Mean±SD	56.0±17.3	2.8±0.7	27.8±8.5	7.2±1.7	16.51±2.99	1575.2±447.5
G7	最小值 Min.	29.1	1.8	12.9	4.2	13.10	703.4
	最大值 Max.	66.7	4.2	37.3	10.0	23.05	2150.6
	平均值±标准差 Mean±SD	48.2±13.7	3.1±0.8	24.0±8.4	6.9±1.5	17.69±2.94	1564.1±474.2
G8	最小值 Min.	27.8	1.6	13.6	5.1	15.36	990.5
	最大值 Max.	73.9	4.8	38.3	9.8	20.51	2255.1
	平均值±标准差 Mean±SD	48.9±13.2	2.8±0.9	28.2±7.9	6.9±1.3	16.52±1.63	1597.4±418.1
G9	最小值 Min.	31.0	1.9	14.1	5.0	12.21	725.4
	最大值 Max.	86.5	5.0	36.9	10.8	17.90	2136.8
	平均值±标准差 Mean±SD	61.8±17.7	3.0±1.0	25.0±7.1	7.4±1.5	14.00±1.61	1540.8±444.0
G10	最小值 Min.	25.2	1.7	13.4	5.0	9.40	895.5
	最大值 Max.	83.4	4.6	39.1	9.0	14.89	1898.1
	平均值±标准差 Mean±SD	49.3±17.1	3.2±1.0	28.1±8.2	6.7±1.2	12.76±1.81	1496.7±311.7
G11	最小值 Min.	38.8	1.1	12.6	4.9	12.22	349.8
	最大值 Max.	68.1	4.2	40.4	10.6	19.02	2037.5
	平均值±标准差 Mean±SD	50.9±9.5	2.8±0.9	24.2±9.2	7.0±1.6	15.79±2.16	1407.6±550.2
G12	最小值 Min.	31.4	1.6	10.1	5.2	10.15	784.5
	最大值 Max.	70.1	3.7	37.3	11.6	13.50	1892.9
	平均值±标准差 Mean±SD	49.0±13.7	2.9±0.8	25.0±8.8	7.4±1.7	12.16±1.13	1285.8±352.2
G13	最小值 Min.	34.0	1.9	15.4	5.5	10.32	822.4
	最大值 Max.	96.6	4.3	36.6	9.7	18.59	2256.5
	平均值±标准差 Mean±SD	59.4±20.4	2.9±0.8	26.1±7.9	7.0±1.2	13.91±2.55	1492.0±432.3
G14	最小值 Min.	29.7	1.7	14.1	5.0	8.17	558.3
	最大值 Max.	84.2	3.8	34.0	10.6	21.54	2167.4
	平均值±标准差 Mean±SD	53.6±20.0	2.6±0.8	24.6±7.5	7.1±1.5	13.88±4.26	1334.2±509.7
G15	最小值 Min.	42.8	2.2	7.1	4.6	12.42	700.3
	最大值 Max.	104.9	5.2	41.7	10.2	19.86	1903.8
	平均值±标准差 Mean±SD	66.4±18.3	3.8±0.9	22.4±11.8	6.7±1.6	15.52±2.40	1274.5±509.9
	变异系数 CV (%)	32.42	33.96	40.52	12.32	18.66	33.13

表3

图1

表4

表5

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

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编号 No.	品种(系)名称 Varieties (lines) name	来源地 Origin
G1	龙11-203 Long 11-203	黑龙江哈尔滨 Harbin, Heilongjiang
G2	H1007	吉林长春 Changchun, Jilin
G3	195-609	黑龙江齐齐哈尔 Qiqihar, Heilongjiang
G4	辽红08704-05 Liaohong 08704-05	辽宁沈阳 Shenyang, Liaoning
G5	赤红3号 Chihong 3	内蒙古赤峰 Chifeng, Inner Mongolia
G6	品红2020-4-7-2 Pinhong 2020-4-7-2	北京 Beijing
G7	冀红0921反-4-1-3-3-4 Jihong 0921 fan-4-1-3-3-4	河北石家庄 Shijiazhuang, Hebei
G8	保红201429-8 Baohong 201429-8	河北保定 Baoding, Hebei
G9	唐红201301-2 Tanghong 201301-2	河北唐山 Tangshan, Hebei
G10	同红7号 Tonghong 7	山西大同 Datong, Shanxi
G11	苏红17-606 Suhong 17-606	江苏南京 Nanjing, Jiangsu
G12	桂红20-21-1 Guihong 20-21-1	广西南宁 Nanning, Guangxi
G13	冀红352 Jihong 352	河北石家庄 Shijiazhuang, Hebei
G14	吉红14号 Jihong 14	吉林长春 Changchun, Jilin
G15	保红947 Baohong 947	河北保定 Baoding, Hebei

地点 Location	海拔 Altitude (m)	土壤类型 Soil type	降雨量 Precipitation (mm)	生育期日照时数 Sunshine hours (h)	生育期平均温度 Average temperature (℃)
黑龙江哈尔滨 Harbin, Heilongjiang	147.0	黑土 Black soil	554.0	1334.1	17.6
辽宁沈阳 Shenyang, Liaoning	45.0	黑土 Black soil	464.0	887.9	22.9
内蒙古赤峰 Chifeng, Inner Mongolia	730.0	黏壤土 Clay loam	400.0	1325.6	21.0
山西太原 Taiyuan, Shanxi	781.3	褐土 Cinnamon soil	256.8	1582.0	22.1
陕西榆林 Yulin, Shaanxi	1122.7	沙壤土 Sandy loam	220.6	1237.6	20.5
河北保定 Baoding, Hebei	20.0	壤土 Loam	828.0	1598.6	23.6
江苏南京 Nanjing, Jiangsu	11.0	轻黏土 Light clay	412.4	1051.4	26.8
贵州毕节 Bijie, Guizhou	1640.0	黄壤土 Yellow loam	469.5	859.4	21.2

性状 Trait	变异来源 Source of variation	自由度 df	平方和 Sum of square	F 值 F-value	显著性 Significance
株高PH	基因型 G	14	8757.30	1.74	0.056
	环境 E	7	47,685.36	18.90	< 0.001^***
	基因型×环境 G×E	98	12,145.80	0.35	1.000
	区组内误差 Pooled error	240	43,160.69
	总变异 Total	359	111,749.14
主茎分枝数NPB	基因型 G	14	29.92	3.73	< 0.001^***
	环境 E	7	142.63	35.52	< 0.001^***
	基因型×环境 G×E	98	58.35	1.04	<0.001^***
	区组内误差 Pooled error	240	68.84
	总变异 Total	359	299.74
单株荚数PPP	基因型 G	14	1825.36	3.35	< 0.001^***
	环境 E	7	13,980.50	51.37	< 0.001^***
	基因型×环境 G×E	98	9420.68	2.47	< 0.001^***
	区组内误差 Pooled error	240	4665.51
	总变异 Total	359	29,892.04
单荚粒数SPP	基因型 G	14	44.38	1.70	0.061
	环境 E	7	527.86	40.80	< 0.001^***
	基因型×环境 G×E	98	58.36	0.32	1.000
	区组内误差 Pooled error	240	221.77
	总变异 Total	359	852.36
百粒重HSW	基因型 G	14	1307.25	10.47	< 0.001^***
	环境 E	7	710.17	11.37	< 0.001^***
	基因型×环境 G×E	98	498.46	0.57	0.002^**
	区组内误差 Pooled error	240	1070.38
	总变异 Total	359	3586.26
产量YD	基因型 G	14	2,993,689.81	0.62	0.842
	环境 E	7	33,520,298.83	13.94	< 0.001^***
	基因型×环境 G×E	98	19,525,446.10	0.58	< 0.001^***
	区组内误差 Pooled error	240	41,222,158.09
	总变异 Total	359	97,261,592.83

变异来源 Source of variation	自由度 df	平方和 Sum of squares	占互作平方和百分比 Percentage of interaction G×E SS (%)	F 值 F-value	显著性 Significance
IPCA1	20	9,409,871.20	48.19	8.66	< 0.001^***
IPCA2	18	4,918,514.10	25.19	5.03	< 0.001^***
IPCA3	16	2,009,715.90	10.29	2.31	0.006^**
IPCA4	14	1,685,746.10	8.63	2.22	0.011^*
残差 Residual	30	1,501,598.70	7.69

小豆产量相关性状的基因型与环境互作效应及稳定性分析

Analysis of genotype × environment interaction and stability of yield-related traits in adzuki bean (Vigna angularis)

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