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作物学报

作物学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (4): 1088-1102.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2026.54108

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇    下一篇

紫肉甘薯品质性状的近红外光谱预测模型构建与优化

蒋嘉卉1,2(), 江炳志1, 刘冠明2, 王章英1,*(), 唐朝臣1,*()   

  1. 1广东省农业科学院作物研究所 / 广东省农作物遗传改良重点实验室, 广东广州 510640
    2仲恺农业工程学院农业与生物学院, 广东广州 510225
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-08 接受日期:2026-01-22 出版日期:2026-04-12 网络出版日期:2026-02-04
  • 通讯作者: *唐朝臣, E-mail: tangchaochen1988@163.com; 王章英, E-mail: wangzhangying@gdaas.cn
  • 作者简介:E-mail: JanetChiang1998@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目(2024A1515012158);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-10);广州市科技计划项目(2025B03J0007)

Establishment and optimization of near-infrared spectroscopy models for quality traits of purple-fleshed sweet potato

Jiang Jia-Hui1,2(), Jiang Bing-Zhi1, Liu Guan-Ming2, Wang Zhang-Ying1,*(), Tang Chao-Chen1,*()   

  1. 1Crop Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Guangdong Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Improvement, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
    2College of Agriculture & Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, Guangdong, China
  • Received:2025-09-08 Accepted:2026-01-22 Published:2026-04-12 Published online:2026-02-04
  • Contact: *E-mail: tangchaochen1988@163.com; E-mail: wangzhangying@gdaas.cn
  • Supported by:
    Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Fund(2024A1515012158);China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-10);Guangzhou Science and Technology Project(2025B03J0007)

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摘要：

紫肉甘薯在品质评价上缺乏精确高效的方法, 已成为其种质资源精准鉴定与遗传改良的关键瓶颈。为此, 本研究基于近红外光谱(NIRS)技术, 针对紫肉甘薯的主要品质性状(包括总淀粉、粗蛋白、还原糖、总黄酮、总酚和花青素), 开展了高通量预测模型的构建与优化。本研究选取150份代表性样品, 结合双重优化策略与机器学习算法, 成功建立并优化了6个高性能预测模型。结果显示, 校正集决定系数(R2C)为0.936~0.992, 交叉验证决定系数(R2CV)为0.918~0.987, 验证集决定系数(R2V)为0.903~0.987, 预测偏差比(RPD)为6.55~19.80, 范围误差比(RER)为21.9~63.4, 这些结果表明, 所构建的模型具有良好的稳定性与可靠的预测能力。这些预测模型为紫肉甘薯品质的高通量评价提供了高效、可行的技术路径, 能够促进营养成分的定量评估和优质种质的高效筛选, 从而为提升紫肉甘薯品质和推动产业可持续发展提供核心驱动力。

关键词: 紫肉甘薯, 近红外光谱, 品质性状, 预测模型, 机器学习算法

Abstract:

The lack of precise and efficient methods for evaluating the quality of purple-fleshed sweet potato has become a major bottleneck in accurate germplasm identification and genetic improvement. To address this challenge, this study employed near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to construct and optimize high-throughput predictive models for key quality traits of purple-fleshed sweet potato, including total starch, crude protein, reducing sugar, total flavonoid content, total phenolic content and total anthocyanin content. A total of 150 representative samples were selected, and six high-performance predictive models were successfully developed and optimized using a dual optimization strategy combined with machine learning algorithms. The models achieved high accuracy, with coefficients of determination (R2C) for calibration ranging from 0.936 to 0.992, cross-validation (R2CV) from 0.918 to 0.987, and external validation (R2V) from 0.903 to 0.987. The ratio of prediction deviation (RPD) ranged from 6.55 to 19.80, and the range error ratio (RER) ranged from 21.9 to 63.4, indicating strong model stability and prediction capability. The predictive models developed in this study offer an efficient and practical approach for the high-throughput analysis of purple-fleshed sweet potato quality. They enable quantitative evaluation of nutritional components and facilitate the screening of superior germplasm, thereby providing important technical support for quality improvement and the sustainable development of the purple-fleshed sweet potato industry.

Key words: purple-fleshed sweet potato, near-infrared spectroscopy, quality trait, predictive model, machine learning algorithm

附表1

150份甘薯样品清单"

编号 No. 品种名称 Variety name 样品来源 Sample source
001 应菜种 Yingcaizhong 种质资源鉴定 Germplasm resource identification
002 宁紫薯1号 Ningzishu 1 种质资源鉴定 Germplasm resource identification
003 赣渝3号 Ganyu 3 品种筛选试验 Variety screening trial
004 鄂薯3号 Eshu 3 品种筛选试验 Variety screening trial
005 济薯26 Jishu 26 品种筛选试验 Variety screening trial
006 万紫56 Wanzi 56 品种筛选试验 Variety screening trial
007 胜利百号 Shenglibaihao 种质资源鉴定 Germplasm resource identification
008 福宁紫3号 Funingzi 3 品种筛选试验 Variety screening trial
009 白星 Baixing 种质资源鉴定 Germplasm resource identification
010 徐薯22 Xushu 22 品种筛选试验 Variety screening trial
011 潮薯1号 Chaoshu 1 品种筛选试验 Variety screening trial
012 阳江烘烤薯 Yangjianghongkaoshu 种质资源鉴定 Germplasm resource identification
013 紫罗兰(越南紫) Ziluolan (Yuenan Zi) 种质资源鉴定 Germplasm resource identification
014 番薯香 Fanshuxiang 种质资源鉴定 Germplasm resource identification
015 浙薯255 Zheshu 255 品种筛选试验 Variety screening trial
016 潮州(徐) Chaozhou (Xu) 种质资源鉴定 Germplasm resource identification
017 济南红 Jinanhong 种质资源鉴定 Germplasm resource identification
018 饶平薯 Raopingshu 品种筛选试验 Variety screening trial
019 紫15-105 Zi 15-105 品种筛选试验 Variety screening trial
020 大鸡爪 Dajizhua 种质资源鉴定 Germplasm resource identification
021 HOK-HOK-TOT 种质资源鉴定 Germplasm resource identification
022 TIS70357 种质资源鉴定 Germplasm resource identification
023 广薯111 Guangshu 111 品种筛选试验 Variety screening trial
024 新普紫 Xinpuzi 品种筛选试验 Variety screening trial
025 集4 Ji 4 品种筛选试验 Variety screening trial
026 内原 Neiyuan 品种筛选试验 Variety screening trial
027 广紫薯2号 Guangzishu 2 种质资源鉴定 Germplasm resource identification
028 Y-6 种质资源鉴定 Germplasm resource identification
029 广薯91 Guangshu 91 品种筛选试验 Variety screening trial
030 广紫薯10号 Guangzishu 10 种质资源鉴定 Germplasm resource identification
031 北京553 Beijing 553 种质资源鉴定 Germplasm resource identification
032 勐腊紫红皮 Menglazihongpi 种质资源鉴定 Germplasm resource identification
033 农林38号 Nonglin 38 种质资源鉴定 Germplasm resource identification
034 青藤 Qingteng 种质资源鉴定 Germplasm resource identification
035 平南红薯 Pingnanhongshu 种质资源鉴定 Germplasm resource identification
036 揭塘冬(接长冬) Jietangdong (Jiechangdong) 种质资源鉴定 Germplasm resource identification
037 桂经薯8号 Guijingshu 8 栽培试验 Cultivation experiment
038 红头8号 Hongtou 8 品种筛选试验 Variety screening trial
039 越南紫罗兰 Yuenanziluolan 品种筛选试验 Variety screening trial
040 广紫薯1号 Guangzishu 1 品种筛选试验 Variety screening trial
041 南薯88 Nanshu 88 品种筛选试验 Variety screening trial
042 渝美8号 Yumei 8 品种筛选试验 Variety screening trial
043 褐顶凤凰夫 Hedingfenghuangfu 种质资源鉴定 Germplasm resource identification
044 双皮黄 Shuangpihuang 种质资源鉴定 Germplasm resource identification
045 金瓜黄 Jinguahuang 种质资源鉴定 Germplasm resource identification
046 沙根苕 Shagenshao 种质资源鉴定 Germplasm resource identification
047 台湾秋 Taiwanqiu 种质资源鉴定 Germplasm resource identification
048 广薯98-7 Guangshu 98-7 种质资源鉴定 Germplasm resource identification
049 广薯98 Guangshu 98 品种筛选试验 Variety screening trial
050 抗旱种 Kanghanzhong 种质资源鉴定 Germplasm resource identification
051 96-15-B-2 种质资源鉴定 Germplasm resource identification
052 渝薯17号 Yushu 17 品种筛选试验 Variety screening trial
053 广薯95-1 Guangshu 95-1 种质资源鉴定 Germplasm resource identification
054 原基 Yuanji 种质资源鉴定 Germplasm resource identification
055 岩薯5号 Yanshu 5 品种筛选试验 Variety screening trial
056 农大红 Nongdahong 种质资源鉴定 Germplasm resource identification
057 红红1号 Honghong 1 品种筛选试验 Variety screening trial
058 三月白 Sanyuebai 种质资源鉴定 Germplasm resource identification
059 冀紫薯2号 Jizishu 2 品种筛选试验 Variety screening trial
060 冰淇淋(甘薯) Bingqilin (Ganshu) 种质资源鉴定 Germplasm resource identification
061 福建60日 Fujian 60 Ri 种质资源鉴定 Germplasm resource identification
062 木冬 Mudong 种质资源鉴定 Germplasm resource identification
063 渝美43 Yumei 43 品种筛选试验 Variety screening trial
064 台农27 Tainong 27 品种筛选试验 Variety screening trial
065 维多丽 Weiduoli 种质资源鉴定 Germplasm resource identification
066 北京553 Beijing 553 品种筛选试验 Variety screening trial
067 勐腊紫红皮 Menglazihongpi 品种筛选试验 Variety screening trial
068 福宁紫3号 Funingzi 3 种质资源鉴定 Germplasm resource identification
069 Ayamurasaki 种质资源鉴定 Germplasm resource identification
070 生核16-3-18 Shenghe 16-3-18 品种筛选试验 Variety screening trial
071 万紫56 Wanzi 56 种质资源鉴定 Germplasm resource identification
072 徐紫8号 Xuzi 8 种质资源鉴定 Germplasm resource identification
073 阳江烘烤薯 Yangjianghongkaoshu 栽培试验 Cultivation experiment
074 日本紫罗兰 Ribenziluolan 栽培试验 Cultivation experiment
075 黑鬼 Heigui 品种筛选试验 Variety screening trial
076 饶平薯 Raopingshu 种质资源鉴定 Germplasm resource identification
077 广紫薯10号 Guangzishu 10 品种筛选试验 Variety screening trial
078 集4 Ji 4 品种筛选试验 Variety screening trial
079 绵紫薯9号 Mianzishu 9 栽培试验 Cultivation experiment
080 内原 Neiyuan 种质资源鉴定 Germplasm resource identification
081 广薯2k-29 Guangshu 2k-29 种质资源鉴定 Germplasm resource identification
082 紫罗兰(越南紫) Ziluolan (Yuenanzi) 栽培试验 Cultivation experiment
083 广紫薯2号 Guangzishu 2 品种筛选试验 Variety screening trial
084 紫14-76 Zi 14-76 品种筛选试验 Variety screening trial
085 紫12-007 Zi 12-007 品种筛选试验 Variety screening trial
086 紫14-105 Zi 14-105 品种筛选试验 Variety screening trial
087 宁紫薯1号 Ningzishu 1 品种筛选试验 Variety screening trial
088 越南紫罗兰 Yuenanziluolan 栽培试验 Cultivation experiment
089 冀紫薯2号 Jizishu 2 种质资源鉴定 Germplasm resource identification
090 广紫薯9号 Guangzishu 9 栽培试验 Cultivation experiment
091 广紫薯1号 Guangzishu 1 种质资源鉴定 Germplasm resource identification
092 紫15-105 Zi 15-105 栽培试验 Cultivation experiment
093 广薯91 Guangshu 91 种质资源鉴定 Germplasm resource identification
094 宁紫薯1号 Ningzishu 1 栽培试验 Cultivation experiment
095 生核16-3-18 Shenghe 16-3-18 栽培试验 Cultivation experiment
096 万紫56 Wanzi 56 栽培试验 Cultivation experiment
097 福宁紫3号 Funingzi 3 栽培试验 Cultivation experiment
098 紫12-007 Zi 12-007 栽培试验 Cultivation experiment
099 济紫薯1号 Jizishu 1 种质资源鉴定 Germplasm resource identification
100 阳江烘烤薯 Yangjianghongkaoshu 品种筛选试验 Variety screening trial
101 紫罗兰(越南紫) Ziluolan (Yuenanzi) 品种筛选试验 Variety screening trial
102 饶平薯 Raopingshu 栽培试验 Cultivation experiment
103 紫15-105 Zi 15-105 栽培试验 Cultivation experiment
104 广紫薯9号 Guangzishu 9 种质资源鉴定 Germplasm resource identification
105 集4 Ji 4 栽培试验 Cultivation experiment
106 内原 Neiyuan 栽培试验 Cultivation experiment
107 日本紫罗兰 Ribenziluolan 种质资源鉴定 Germplasm resource identification
108 广紫薯2号 Guangzishu 2 栽培试验 Cultivation experiment
109 广薯91 Guangshu 91 栽培试验 Cultivation experiment
110 广紫薯10号 Guangzishu 10 栽培试验 Cultivation experiment
111 北京553 Beijing 553 栽培试验 Cultivation experiment
112 勐腊紫红皮 Menglazihongpi 栽培试验 Cultivation experiment
113 徐紫8号 Xuzi 8 品种筛选试验 Variety screening trial
114 绵紫薯9号 Mianzishu 9 种质资源鉴定 Germplasm resource identification
115 桂经薯8号 Guijingshu 8 品种筛选试验 Variety screening trial
116 越南紫罗兰 Yuenanziluolan 种质资源鉴定 Germplasm resource identification
117 黑鬼 Heigui 种质资源鉴定 Germplasm resource identification
118 紫14-105 Zi 14-105 栽培试验 Cultivation experiment
119 紫14-76 Zi 14-76 栽培试验 Cultivation experiment
120 广薯2k-29 Guangshu 2k-29 品种筛选试验 Variety screening trial
121 Ayamurasaki 品种筛选试验 Variety screening trial
122 冀紫薯2号 Jizishu 2 栽培试验 Cultivation experiment
123 广紫薯2号 Guangzishu 2 栽培试验 Cultivation experiment
124 生核16-3-18 Shenghe 16-3-18 品种筛选试验 Variety screening trial
125 福宁紫3号 Funingzi 3 栽培试验 Cultivation experiment
126 广紫薯9号 Guangzishu 9 品种筛选试验 Variety screening trial
127 日本紫罗兰 Ribenziluolan 品种筛选试验 Variety screening trial
128 阳江烘烤薯 Yangjianghongkaoshu 栽培试验 Cultivation experiment
129 桂经薯8号 Guijingshu 8 种质资源鉴定 Germplasm resource identification
130 广紫薯1号 Guangzishu 1 栽培试验 Cultivation experiment
131 广薯2k-29 Guangshu 2k-29 栽培试验 Cultivation experiment
132 徐紫8号 Xuzi 8 栽培试验 Cultivation experiment
133 广薯91 Guangshu 91 栽培试验 Cultivation experiment
134 紫罗兰(越南紫) Ziluolan (Yuenanzi) 栽培试验 Cultivation experiment
135 紫15-105 Zi 15-105 品种筛选试验 Variety screening trial
136 宁紫薯1号 Ningzishu 1 栽培试验 Cultivation experiment
137 勐腊紫红皮 Menglazihongpi 栽培试验 Cultivation experiment
138 广紫薯10号 Guangzishu 10 栽培试验 Cultivation experiment
139 越南紫罗兰 Yuenanziluolan 栽培试验 Cultivation experiment
140 万紫56 Wanzi 56 栽培试验 Cultivation experiment
141 冀紫薯2号 Jizishu 2 栽培试验 Cultivation experiment
142 黑鬼 Heigui 栽培试验 Cultivation experiment
143 内原 Neiyuan 栽培试验 Cultivation experiment
144 济紫薯1号 Jizishu 1 品种筛选试验 Variety screening trial
145 集4 Ji 4 栽培试验 Cultivation experiment
146 饶平薯 Raopingshu 栽培试验 Cultivation experiment
147 北京553 Beijing 553 栽培试验 Cultivation experiment
148 紫12-007 Zi 12-007 品种筛选试验 Variety screening trial
149 Ayamurasaki 栽培试验 Cultivation experiment
150 绵紫薯9号 Mianzishu 9 品种筛选试验 Variety screening trial

图1

紫肉甘薯样品的近红外光谱变化(a)和PCA分数(b) Mean±SD: 平均值±标准差; Min./Max.: 最小值/最大值。"

图2

紫肉甘薯样品化学成分的多样性"

表1

紫肉甘薯样品校正集和验证集化学成分的参考值"

参数
Parameter		 校正集Calibration set 验证集Validation set
样本数
n		 最小值
Mix.		 最大值
Max.		 平均值
Mean		 标准差
SD		 变异系数
CV (%)		 样本数
n		 最小值
Mix.		 最大值
Max.		 平均值
Mean		 标准差
SD		 变异系数
CV (%)
总淀粉TS (g 100 g-1) 120 34.78 59.01 50.75 4.28 8.43 30 45.95 57.73 51.38 3.52 6.85
粗蛋白CP (g 100 g-1) 120 2.13 9.50 4.51 1.51 33.48 30 2.13 7.01 4.57 1.28 28.01
还原糖RS (g 100 g-1) 120 0.20 6.99 1.78 1.24 69.66 30 0.59 5.39 1.50 1.01 67.33
总黄酮TFC (mg g-1) 120 0.72 42.25 15.29 9.53 62.33 30 5.40 28.87 16.22 7.72 47.60
总酚TPC (mg g-1) 120 0.37 25.13 9.35 6.22 66.52 30 2.28 18.48 10.55 5.06 48.96
花青素TAC (mg g-1) 120 0.00 2.63 0.97 0.84 86.60 30 0.00 2.76 1.09 0.77 70.64

图3

通过竞争性自适应权重(CARS)和随机蛙跳(RF)优化样品光谱变量选择 括号内数字为对应算法筛选出的特征变量数。"

图4

偏最小二乘回归模型对紫肉甘薯样品品质性状预测的性能 FS: 全光谱; CARS: 竞争性自适应权重; RF: 随机蛙跳; R2C/R2CV/R2V: 校正集/交叉验证/验证集决定系数; RMSEC/RMSECV/RMSEP: 校正/交叉验证/预测标准偏差; RPD: 预测偏差比; RER: 范围误差比。"

表2

预测紫肉甘薯样品中化学成分的最佳近红外光谱模型的特点"

参数
Parameter		 最佳算法
Optimal
algorithm		 校正集
Calibration		 交叉验证
Cross-validation		 验证集
External validation
潜变量
LVs		 校正集
决定系数
R2C		 校正标
准偏差RMSEC		 交叉验证决定系数R2CV 交叉验证
标准偏差RMSECV		 验证集
决定系数
R2V		 预测标准偏差
RMSEP		 预测
偏差比
RPD		 范围
误差比
RER
总淀粉TS (g 100 g-1) CARS 7 0.939 1.050 0.918 1.230 0.903 1.080 6.55 21.9
粗蛋白CP (g 100 g-1) RF 6 0.970 0.261 0.959 0.307 0.956 0.264 9.66 36.8
还原糖RS (g 100 g-1) CARS 7 0.936 0.311 0.919 0.353 0.917 0.288 7.18 34.0
总黄酮TFC (mg g-1) RF 9 0.991 0.894 0.987 1.110 0.986 0.885 18.70 57.0
总酚TPC (mg g-1) RF 8 0.992 0.555 0.987 0.721 0.987 0.579 19.80 63.4
花青素TAC (mg g-1) CARS 9 0.984 0.107 0.977 0.127 0.977 0.115 14.80 53.2

图5

紫肉甘薯样品测量值与化学值散点图 rC: 校正集相关性系数; rV: 验证集相关性系数。"

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