覆盖旱种对水稻产量与品质的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2010.00276

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以超级稻武粳15 (粳稻)和两优培九(籼稻)为材料，从移栽至成熟进行覆膜旱种(PM)、覆草旱种(SM)和裸地旱种(NM)处理，以水种(TF)为对照。结果表明，与TF相比，旱种水稻产量都有不同程度的降低，NM、PM和SM的减产率分别为38.7%~46.5%，9.8%~17.4%和1.7%~7.0%，NM和PM的产量与TF有显著差异，SM的产量与TF差异不显著。SM改善了稻米的加工品质、外观品质和蒸煮品质，NM和PM则降低了稻米这些品质；SM还提高了稻米的最高黏度和崩解值，降低了消减值，NM和PM的结果则相反。两品种的结果趋势一致。SM提高了灌浆期的根系氧化力、叶片光合速率和籽粒中蔗糖－淀粉代谢途径关键酶活性，NM和PM则降低了上述生理指标值。在SM条件下，结实期较高的根系活力、叶片光合速率和籽粒中蔗糖－淀粉代谢途径关键酶活性是获取较高产量和较好稻米品质的重要生理原因。

关键词: 水稻, 腹膜旱种, 覆草旱种, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

Plastic film or straw mulching cultivation under non-flooded condition has been considered as a new water-saving technique in rice production. This study aimed to investigate the yield performance in terms of quality and quantity under such practices. Two super rice cultivars, Wujing 15 (a japonica cultivar) and Liangyoupeijiu (an indica hybrid cultivar) were used with four cultivation treatments from transplanting to maturity: traditional flooding as control (TF), no-flooded plastic film mulching (PM), non-flooded wheat straw mulching (SM), and no flooding and no mulching (NM). Compared with that under TF, grain yield showed some reduction under all the non-flooded cultivations but differed largely among the treatments. The reduction in yield was 38.7–46.5% under NM, 9.8–17.4% under PM, and 1.7–7.0% under SM. The difference in grain yield was significant between NM and TF or between PM and TF, and was not significant between SM and TF. SM significantly improved milling, appearance, and cooking qualities, whereas PM or NM decreased these qualities. SM also significantly increased the peak viscosity and breakdown value, and reduced setback value, and PM or NM had the opposite effect. The two cultivars showed similar trends in quality and quantity of rice yield. SM significantly increased root oxidation activity, leaf photosynthetic rate, and activities of key enzymes in sucrose-to-starch conversion in grains during the grain filling period, whereas PM and NM significantly reduced these parameters. The results indicate that SM could not only maintain a high grain yield, but also improve quality of rice. Increases in leaf photosynthetic rate, root activity, and activities of the key enzymes involved in the sucrose-starch metabolic pathway in grains under SM contributed to a higher grain yield and better quality of rice.

Key words: Rice, Non-flooded plastic film mulching cultivation, Non-flooded wheat straw mulching cultivation, Grain yield, Grain quality

张自常，孙小淋，陈婷婷，刘立军，杨建昌. 覆盖旱种对水稻产量与品质的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2010, 36(2): 285-295.

ZHANG Zi-Chang,SUN Xiao-Lin,CHEN Ting-Ting,LIU Li-Jun,YANG Jian-Chang.

Effects of Non-flooded Mulching Cultivation on the Yield and Quality of Rice

[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2010, 36(2): 285-295.

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