中粳稻不同栽培模式对产量及其生理特性的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2010.00466

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在探讨水稻高产与氮肥高效利用的栽培技术。以中粳稻品种，设置当地高产栽培(对照)、超高产栽培和高产高效栽培等处理，比较分析在不同栽培技术体系下产量形成特点及其生理原因。与对照相比，高产高效栽培增加了根和地上部植株干重、提高了根系细胞分裂素含量、根系氧化力、粒叶比、灌浆中后期叶片光合速率、抽穗期茎鞘中非结构性碳水化合物累积量、物质运转率和收获指数；产量增加了31%，氮肥农学利用率(单位施氮量增加的产量)增加了57%。说明通过栽培技术的集成优化，可以促进植株生长，进而获得高产和氮肥高效利用的效果。

关键词: 中粳稻, 高产高效, 氮肥利用率, 实地养分管理, 精确灌溉, 植株生长

Abstract:

Rice is one of the most important food crops in China. The realization of continuously high yield has great significance in ensuring food security and society stability. Meanwhile, low nitrogen (N) use efficiency is a serious problem in rice production in China. The objective of this study was to investigate if a cultivation technique could coordinately increase both grain yield and N use efficiency in rice. Mid-season japonica rice cultivars were used with the treatments of local high-yielding cultivation (control), super high-yielding cultivation, and high-yielding and high N use efficiency cultivation (HHC). The characteristics of grain yield formation under different cultivation systems and their physiological basis were analyzed. The results showed that, compared with the control, the HHC significantly increased biomass of root and shoot, root cytokinin concentration and root oxidation activity, grain-leaf ratio, leaf photosynthetic rate during the mid and late grain filling periods, nonstructural carbohydrate accumulation in stems and sheaths at the heading time, remobilization of carbon accumulated from heading to mature stage, and harvest index. The HHC increased grain yield by 31% and agronomic N use efficiency (increased grain yield per unit N application) by 57% when compared with the control. The results suggest that root and shoot growth could be improved and high grain yield and high N use efficiency could be achieved through integrating and optimizing cultivation techniques in rice production.

Key words: Mid-season japonica rice, High yield and high efficiency, Nitrogen use efficience, Site-specific nutrient management, Precise irrigation, Root and shoot growth

薛亚光，陈婷婷，杨成，王志琴，刘立军，杨建昌. 中粳稻不同栽培模式对产量及其生理特性的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2010, 36(3): 466-476.

XUE Ya-Guang,CHEN Ting-Ting,YANG Cheng,WANG Zhi-Qin,LIU Li-Jun,YANG Jian-Chang. Effects of Different Cultivation Patterns on the Yield and Physiological Characteristics in Mid-Season Japonica Rrice[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2010, 36(3): 466-476.

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