作物学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (06): 912-924.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2017.00912
李晓峰,程金秋,梁健,陈梦云,任红茹,张洪程,霍中洋*,戴其根,许轲,魏海燕,郭保卫
LI Xiao-Feng,CHENG Jin-Qiu,LIANG Jian,CHEN Meng-Yun,REN Hong-Ru,ZHANG Hong-Cheng,HUO Zhong-Yang*,DAI Qi-Gen,XU Ke,WEI Hai-Yan,GUO Bao-Wei
摘要:
以常规粳稻南粳5055、南粳46为材料,在总施纯氮量为300 kg hm-2条件下,设置9∶1、8∶2、7∶3、6∶4、5∶5、4∶6共6种基蘖肥与穗肥比例,探讨秸秆全量还田条件下不同氮肥运筹对机插粳稻产量及氮素吸收利用特征的影响。结果表明,与秸秆不还田相比,秸秆全量还田具有显著的增产效应,南粳5055、南粳46平均增产5.04%、4.64%;随着基蘖氮肥占总施氮量比例的下降,秸秆全量还田机插粳稻产量呈先增后减的趋势,基蘖氮肥与穗氮肥比例为7∶3时,水稻产量最高。相同氮肥运筹模式下,秸秆全量还田处理水稻拔节期及移栽至拔节阶段的群体干物质积累量均低于秸秆不还田处理,抽穗期、成熟期及拔节至抽穗、抽穗至成熟阶段的群体干物质积累量则高于秸秆不还田处理。氮肥运筹间表现为随基蘖氮肥占总施氮量比例的下降,拔节期及移栽至拔节阶段的群体干物质积累量下降,而抽穗期、成熟期及拔节至抽穗、抽穗至成熟阶段的群体干物质积累量呈现先增后减的趋势。当基蘖氮肥与穗氮肥比例为7∶3时,秸秆全量还田条件下的水稻群体干物质积累量最高,经济系数也最高。秸秆全量还田水稻拔节前的氮素积累量低于秸秆不还田处理,拔节至抽穗、抽穗至成熟阶段的氮素积累量则高于秸秆不还田处理,秸秆全量还田处理的氮肥表观利用率、氮肥农学利用率和氮肥偏生产力均高于秸秆不还田处理。不同氮肥运筹间表现为随基蘖肥占总施氮量比例的下降,氮肥表观利用率、氮肥农学利用率、氮肥生理利用率及氮肥偏生产力均呈现先增后减的趋势,当基蘖氮肥与穗氮肥运筹比例为7∶3时最高。
| [1] 高利伟, 马林, 张卫峰, 王方浩, 马文奇, 张福锁. 中国作物秸秆养分资源数量估算及其利用状况. 农业工程学报, 2009, 25: 173–179 Gao L W, Ma L, Zhang W F, Wang F H, Zhang F S. Estimation of nutrient resource quantity of crop straw and its utilization situation in China. Trans CSAE, 2009, 25: 173–179 (in Chinese with English abstract) [2] 江永红, 宇振荣, 马永良. 秸秆还田对农田生态系统及作物生长的影响. 土壤通报, 2001, 32: 209–213 Jiang Y H, Yu Z R, Ma Y L. The effect of stubble return on agro-ecological system and crop growth. Chin J Soil Sci, 2001, 32: 209–213 (in Chinese with English abstract) [3] 武际, 郭熙盛, 鲁剑巍, 王允青, 许征宇, 张晓玲. 水旱轮作制下连续秸秆覆盖对土壤理化性质和作物产量的影响. 植物营养与肥料, 2012, 18: 579–594 Wu J, Guo, X S, Lu J W, Wang Y Q, Xu Z Y, Zhang X L. Effects of continuous straw mulching on soil physical and chemical properties and crop yields in paddy-upland rotation system. J Plant Nutr Fert, 2012, 18: 587–594 (in Chinese with English abstract) [4] 戴志刚, 鲁剑巍, 李小坤, 鲁明星, 杨文兵, 高祥照. 不同作物还田秸秆的养分释放特征试验. 农业工程学报, 2010, 26: 272–276 Dai Z G, Lu J W, Li X K, Lu M X, Yang W B, Gao X Z. Nutrient release characteristics of different crop straws manure. Trans CSAE, 2010, 26: 272–276 (in Chinese with English abstract) [5] 顾炽明. 施氮对关中灌区秸秆还田小麦生长和秸秆腐解规律的影响. 西北农林科技大学研究生学位论文, 陕西, 2013 Gu C M. Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Winter wheat Growth and Law of Maize Straw Decomposition under Maize Straw Returning in Guanzhong Irrigation Area. Graduate thesis of Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Shaanxi, China, 2013 (in Chinese with English abstract) [6] 朱兆良, 金继运. 保障我国粮食安全的肥料问题. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2013, 19: 259–273 Zhu Z L, Jin J Y. Fertilizer use and food security in China. J Plant Nutr Fert, 2013, 19: 259–273 (in Chinese with English abstract) [7] 南雄雄,田霄鸿, 张琳, 游东海, 吴玉红, 曹玉贤. 小麦和玉米秸秆腐解特点及对土壤中碳、氮含量的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2010, 16: 626–633 Nan X X, Tian X H, Zhang L, You D H, Wu Y H, Gao Y X. Decomposition characteristics of maize and wheat straw and their effects on soil carbon and nitrogen contents. J Plant Nutr Fert, 2010, 16: 626–633 (in Chinese with English abstract) [8] 陈海飞, 冯洋, 徐芳森, 蔡红梅, 周卫, 刘芳, 庞再明, 李登荣. 秸秆还田下氮肥管理对中低产田水稻产量和氮素吸收利用影响的研究. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2014, 20: 517–524 Chen H F, Feng Y, Xu F S, Cai H M, Zhou W, Liu F, Pang Z M, Li D R. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer management on rice yield and nitrogen uptake in medium and low yield under the conditions of straw turnover. J Plant Nutr Fert, 2014, 20: 517–524 (in Chinese with English abstract) [9] 戴志刚, 鲁剑巍, 李小坤, 鲁明星, 杨文兵, 高祥照. 不同作物还田秸秆的养分释放特征试验. 农业工程学报, 2010, 26: 272–276 Dai Z G, Lu J W, Li X K, Lu M X, Yang W B, Gao X Z. Nutrient release characteristics of different crop straws manure. Trans CSAE, 2010, 26: 272–276 (in Chinese with English abstract) [10] 李勇, 曹红娣, 储亚云, 邓九胜, 朱荣松, 朱彩云, 蒋新华, 白洁瑞. 麦秆还田氮肥运筹对水稻产量及土壤氮素供应的影响. 土壤, 2010, 42: 569–573 Li Y, Cao H D, Chu Y Y, Deng J S, Zhu J S, Zhu C Y, Jiang X H, Bai J R. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer application in wheat straw returned to field on rice yield and soil nitrogen supply. Soils, 2010, 42: 569–573 (in Chinese with English abstract) [11] 胡雅杰, 朱大伟, 邢志鹏, 龚金龙, 张洪程, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 魏海燕, 郭保卫. 改进施氮运筹对水稻产量和氮素吸收利用的影响.植物营养与肥料学报, 2015, 21: 12–22 Hu Y J, Zhu D W, Xing Z P, Gong J L, Zhang H C, Dai Q G, Huo Z Y, Xu K, Wei H Y, Guo B W. Modifying nitrogen fertilization ratio to increase the yield and nitrogen uptake of super japonica rice. J Plant Nutr Fert, 2015, 21: 12–22 (in Chinese with English abstract) [12] 李录久, 王家嘉, 吴萍萍, 黄厚宽, 蒋荫锡. 秸秆还田下氮肥运筹对白土田水稻产量和氮吸收利用的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2016, 22: 254–262 Li L J, Wang J J, Wu P P, Huang H K, Jiang Y X. Effect of different nitrogen application on rice yield and N uptake of white soil under wheat straw turover. J Plant Nutr Fert,2016, 22: 254–262 (in Chinese with English abstract) [13] 严奉君, 孙永健, 马均, 徐徽, 李玥, 杨志远, 蒋明金, 吕腾飞. 秸秆覆盖与氮肥运筹对杂交稻根系生长及氮素利用的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2015, 21: 23–55 Yan F J, Sun Y J, Ma J, Xu H, Li Y, Yang Z Y, Jiang M J, Lyu T F. Effect of straw mulch and nitrogen management on root growth and nitrogen utilization characteristics of hybrid rice. J Plant Nutr Fert, 2015, 21: 23–55 (in Chinese with English abstract) [14] 陈夕进, 许应国, 朱从海, 吴一梅, 李德山. 氮肥运筹对麦秸全量还田后机插水稻的应用效果. 农机服务, 2011, 28(2): 168–169 Chen X J, Xu Y G, Zhu C H, Wu Y M, Li D S. The application effect of nitrogen fertilizer on machine transplanted japonica rice under total straw returning. Farm Machinery Service, 2011, 28(2): 168–169 (in Chinese with English abstract) [15] 袁玲, 张宣, 杨静, 杨春蕾, 曹小闯, 吴良欢. 不同栽培方式和秸秆还田对水稻产量和营养品质的影响. 作物学报, 2013, 39: 350–359 Yuan L, Zhang X, Yang J, Yang C L, Cao X C, Wu L H. Effects of different cultivation methods and straw incorporation on grain yield and nutrition quality of rice. Acta Agron Sin, 2013, 39: 350–359 (in Chinese with English abstract) [16] 叶文培, 谢小立, 王凯荣, 李志国. 不同时期秸秆还田对水稻生长发育及产量的影响. 中国水稻科学, 2008, 22: 65–70 Ye W P, Xie X L, Wang K R, Li Z G. Effects of rice straw manuring in different periods on growth and yield of rice. Chin J Rice Sci, 2008, 22: 65–70 (in Chinese with English abstract) [17] Xu Y Z, Nie L X, Buresh R J, Huang J L, Cui K H, Xu B, Gong W H, Peng S B. Agronomic performance of late-season rice under different tillage, straw, and nitrogen management. Field Crops Res, 2010, 115: 79–84 [18] 陈新红, 韩正光, 叶玉秀, 张安存, 王哲, 周青. 麦草全量机械还田对机插水稻产量和生长特性的影响. 西北农业学报, 2013, 22(8): 38–41 Chen X H, Han Z G, Ye Y X, Zhang A C, Wang Z, Zhou Q. Effects of wheat-residue application on grain yield and growth characteristics in mechanical transplanting rice. Acta Agric Boreali-occident Sin, 2013, 22(8): 38–41 (in Chinese with English abstract) [19] 徐国伟. 种植方式、秸秆还田与实地氮肥管理对水稻产量与品质的影响及其生理的研究. 扬州大学博士学位论文, 扬州, 2007 Xu G W. Effect of Planting Patterns, Straw Application and Site-specific Nitrogen Management on Grain Yield and Quality of Rice and Their Physiological Mechanism. Ph.D. Dissertation of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China, 2007 (in Chinese with English abstract) [20] 王建明, 杨建忠, 何晓艳, 毛华方, 石世杰. 小麦秸秆还田条件下氮肥运筹对水稻产量、品质和氮素利用的影响. 江苏农业科学, 2010, (6): 124–126 Wang J M, Yang J Z, He X Y, Mao H F, Shi S J. Effects of nitrogen application on yield, quality and nitrogen use efficiency of rice under wheat residue return. J Agric Sci Jiangsu, 2010, (6): 124–126 (in Chinese with English abstract) [21] 朱斌 苏建平, 李久进. 麦秸秆还田与氮肥不同运筹方式对水稻生长和产量的影响. 现代农业科技, 2012, (15): 12–15 Zhu B, Su J P, Li J J. Effects of different nitrogen application methods on growth and yield of rice. Modern Agric Sci & Technol, 2012, (15): 12–15 (in Chinese with English abstract) [22] 刘世平, 陈文林, 聂新涛, 张洪程, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲. 麦稻两熟地区不同埋深对还田秸秆腐解进程的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2007, 13: 1049–1053 Liu S P, Chen W L, Nie X T, Zhang H C, Dai Q G, Huo Z Y, Xu K. Effect of embedding depth on decomposition course of crop residues in rice-wheat system. Plant Nutr Fert Sci, 2007, 13: 1049–1053 (in Chinese with English abstract) [23] 马宗国, 卢绪奎, 万丽, 陈祖光, 左辉. 小麦秸秆还田对水稻生长及土壤肥力的影响. 作物杂志, 2003, (5): 37–38 Ma Z G, Lu X K, Wan L, Chen Z G, Zuo H. Effect of wheat straw returning on rice growth and soil nutrients. Crops, 2003, (5): 37–38 (in Chinese with English abstract) [24] Saigusa M, Hanaki M, Ito T. Decomposition pattern of rice straw in poorly drain paddy soil and recovery rate of straw nitrogen by rice plant in on-tillage transplanting cultivation. Jpn J Soil Sci Plant Nutr, 1999, 70: 157–163 [25] Van Asten P J A, Van Bodegom P M, Mulder L M, Kropff M J. Effect of straw application on rice yields and nutrient availability on an Alkaline and a pH-neutral soil in a sahelian irrigation scheme. Nutri Cycl Agroecosyst, 2005, 72: 255–266 [26] 陆强, 王继琛, 李静, 王磊, 张丽, 哈丽哈什?依巴提, 王秋君, 张坚超, 黄启为, 沈其荣. 秸秆还田与有机无机肥配施在稻麦轮作体系下对籽粒产量及氮素利用的影响. 南京农业大学学报, 2014, 37(6): 66–74 Lu Q, Wang J C, Li J, Wang L, Zhang L, Halihashi Y, Wang Q J, Zhang J C, Huang Q W, Shen Q R. Effect of straw returning and combined Applications of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer on grain yield and nitrogen utilization under rice-wheat rotation system. Nanjing Agric Univ, 2014, 37(6): 66–74 (in Chinese with English abstract) [27] 徐国伟, 吴长付, 刘辉, 王志琴, 杨建昌. 秸秆还田与氮肥管理对水稻养分吸收的影响. 农业工程学报, 2007, 23: 191–195 Xu G W, Wu C F, Liu H, Wang Z Q, Yang J C. Effects of straw residue return and nitrogen management on nutrient absorption of rice. Trans CSAE, 2007, 23: 191–195 (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [1] | 胡川, 赵凯男, 黄修利, 吴金芝, 任开明, 王贺正, 付国占, 黄明, 李友军. 一次灌溉下耕作方式和氮肥用量对旱地小麦产量和品质的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(6): 1830-1846. |
| [2] | 马胜乾, 王志平, 陈浩天, 窦淑贤, 张燕, 邓艾兴, 张卫建, 原向阳, 宋振伟. 秸秆还田下耕作方式与氮肥施用量对东北玉米产量及土壤团聚体的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(6): 1802-1816. |
| [3] | 张思思, 赵向辉, 周洋, 姚云凤, 朱荣昱, 董元杰, 胡国庆, 徐通, 刘兆新. 冬闲期翻耕和绿肥还田对连作花生田土壤理化性质和产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1472-1486. |
| [4] | 张宁宁, 滕雨菲, 任娜娜, 魏兴卓, 闫书豪, 樊可心, 王永宏, 陈文康, 张兴华, 朱万超, 徐淑兔, 薛吉全. 201份玉米自交系抗旱表型评价及可塑性分析[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1309-1325. |
| [5] | 张鸿蓉, 王菲儿, 李盼, 仇海龙, 朱静, 赵连豪, 南运有, 何蔚, 樊志龙, 胡发龙, 柴强, 殷文. 减量20%灌水与25%有机肥替代化肥提高青贮玉米产量的光合特性[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1487-1500. |
| [6] | 王宇诚, 张露, 刘阿康, 黄见良, 彭少兵, 袁珅. 基于产量差的作物大面积单产提升策略与展望[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1279-1290. |
| [7] | 赵佳雪, 周龙昊, 郭岂源, 尚伦霄, 王涵, 刘志涛, 陈曦, 张晓佩, 宋宪亮, 毛丽丽. 长期秸秆还田与深松通过改善土壤环境与棉花光合特性提高滨海盐碱地棉花产量[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1548-1560. |
| [8] | 郭星宇, 胡丹, 林苏期, 王梦凯, 谭文峰, 黄传琴. 生物炭配施化肥提高玉米‖大豆下玉米产量和土壤生态系统多功能性[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1536-1547. |
| [9] | 张振, 冯连杰, 石玉, 于振文, 张永丽. 节水补灌下不同穗型小麦产量形成差异研究[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1522-1535. |
| [10] | 闫安, 蒋昆炜, 王蓉圆, 田林, 张璐, 王韵, 徐建龙. 水稻剑叶小维管束数基因SVN7的鉴定与克隆[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1364-1372. |
| [11] | 刘昕萌, 任昊, 张继波, 张吉旺, 赵斌, 任佰朝, 刘鹏, 王洪章. 茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)缓解高温影响玉米雌穗分化的生理机制[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1561-1572. |
| [12] | 王壮壮, 武紫君, 张永新, 张芯源, 袁丽雪, 陈如雪, 刘世举, 段剑钊, 冯伟, 王同朝, 王永华. 豫东南黏壤潮土区水氮优化协同提高冬小麦产量和氮素利用效率[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1501-1521. |
| [13] | 蔡宏玮, 于爱忠, 姜科强, 王鹏飞, 王玉珑, 霍建喆, 庞小能, 尹波, 尚永盼. 干旱灌区有机肥替代部分化肥促进甜玉米产量提升的关键机制[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(4): 1166-1180. |
| [14] | 崔雪梅, 柳妍娣, 刘景辉, 米俊珍, 武俊英, 赵宝平. 不同基因型燕麦强弱势粒生理特性与产量关系研究[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(4): 1220-1235. |
| [15] | 杨锐, 陈敬东, 黄郢, 张学昆, 周登文, 刘清云, 徐劲松, 谢伶俐, 许本波. 长江下游冬油菜区应对气候变化的育种和栽培策略研究[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(4): 1153-1165. |
|
||