作物学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (06): 912-924.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2017.00912
李晓峰,程金秋,梁健,陈梦云,任红茹,张洪程,霍中洋*,戴其根,许轲,魏海燕,郭保卫
LI Xiao-Feng,CHENG Jin-Qiu,LIANG Jian,CHEN Meng-Yun,REN Hong-Ru,ZHANG Hong-Cheng,HUO Zhong-Yang*,DAI Qi-Gen,XU Ke,WEI Hai-Yan,GUO Bao-Wei
摘要:
以常规粳稻南粳5055、南粳46为材料,在总施纯氮量为300 kg hm-2条件下,设置9∶1、8∶2、7∶3、6∶4、5∶5、4∶6共6种基蘖肥与穗肥比例,探讨秸秆全量还田条件下不同氮肥运筹对机插粳稻产量及氮素吸收利用特征的影响。结果表明,与秸秆不还田相比,秸秆全量还田具有显著的增产效应,南粳5055、南粳46平均增产5.04%、4.64%;随着基蘖氮肥占总施氮量比例的下降,秸秆全量还田机插粳稻产量呈先增后减的趋势,基蘖氮肥与穗氮肥比例为7∶3时,水稻产量最高。相同氮肥运筹模式下,秸秆全量还田处理水稻拔节期及移栽至拔节阶段的群体干物质积累量均低于秸秆不还田处理,抽穗期、成熟期及拔节至抽穗、抽穗至成熟阶段的群体干物质积累量则高于秸秆不还田处理。氮肥运筹间表现为随基蘖氮肥占总施氮量比例的下降,拔节期及移栽至拔节阶段的群体干物质积累量下降,而抽穗期、成熟期及拔节至抽穗、抽穗至成熟阶段的群体干物质积累量呈现先增后减的趋势。当基蘖氮肥与穗氮肥比例为7∶3时,秸秆全量还田条件下的水稻群体干物质积累量最高,经济系数也最高。秸秆全量还田水稻拔节前的氮素积累量低于秸秆不还田处理,拔节至抽穗、抽穗至成熟阶段的氮素积累量则高于秸秆不还田处理,秸秆全量还田处理的氮肥表观利用率、氮肥农学利用率和氮肥偏生产力均高于秸秆不还田处理。不同氮肥运筹间表现为随基蘖肥占总施氮量比例的下降,氮肥表观利用率、氮肥农学利用率、氮肥生理利用率及氮肥偏生产力均呈现先增后减的趋势,当基蘖氮肥与穗氮肥运筹比例为7∶3时最高。
[1] 高利伟, 马林, 张卫峰, 王方浩, 马文奇, 张福锁. 中国作物秸秆养分资源数量估算及其利用状况. 农业工程学报, 2009, 25: 173–179 Gao L W, Ma L, Zhang W F, Wang F H, Zhang F S. Estimation of nutrient resource quantity of crop straw and its utilization situation in China. Trans CSAE, 2009, 25: 173–179 (in Chinese with English abstract) [2] 江永红, 宇振荣, 马永良. 秸秆还田对农田生态系统及作物生长的影响. 土壤通报, 2001, 32: 209–213 Jiang Y H, Yu Z R, Ma Y L. The effect of stubble return on agro-ecological system and crop growth. Chin J Soil Sci, 2001, 32: 209–213 (in Chinese with English abstract) [3] 武际, 郭熙盛, 鲁剑巍, 王允青, 许征宇, 张晓玲. 水旱轮作制下连续秸秆覆盖对土壤理化性质和作物产量的影响. 植物营养与肥料, 2012, 18: 579–594 Wu J, Guo, X S, Lu J W, Wang Y Q, Xu Z Y, Zhang X L. Effects of continuous straw mulching on soil physical and chemical properties and crop yields in paddy-upland rotation system. J Plant Nutr Fert, 2012, 18: 587–594 (in Chinese with English abstract) [4] 戴志刚, 鲁剑巍, 李小坤, 鲁明星, 杨文兵, 高祥照. 不同作物还田秸秆的养分释放特征试验. 农业工程学报, 2010, 26: 272–276 Dai Z G, Lu J W, Li X K, Lu M X, Yang W B, Gao X Z. Nutrient release characteristics of different crop straws manure. Trans CSAE, 2010, 26: 272–276 (in Chinese with English abstract) [5] 顾炽明. 施氮对关中灌区秸秆还田小麦生长和秸秆腐解规律的影响. 西北农林科技大学研究生学位论文, 陕西, 2013 Gu C M. Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Winter wheat Growth and Law of Maize Straw Decomposition under Maize Straw Returning in Guanzhong Irrigation Area. Graduate thesis of Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Shaanxi, China, 2013 (in Chinese with English abstract) [6] 朱兆良, 金继运. 保障我国粮食安全的肥料问题. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2013, 19: 259–273 Zhu Z L, Jin J Y. Fertilizer use and food security in China. J Plant Nutr Fert, 2013, 19: 259–273 (in Chinese with English abstract) [7] 南雄雄,田霄鸿, 张琳, 游东海, 吴玉红, 曹玉贤. 小麦和玉米秸秆腐解特点及对土壤中碳、氮含量的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2010, 16: 626–633 Nan X X, Tian X H, Zhang L, You D H, Wu Y H, Gao Y X. Decomposition characteristics of maize and wheat straw and their effects on soil carbon and nitrogen contents. J Plant Nutr Fert, 2010, 16: 626–633 (in Chinese with English abstract) [8] 陈海飞, 冯洋, 徐芳森, 蔡红梅, 周卫, 刘芳, 庞再明, 李登荣. 秸秆还田下氮肥管理对中低产田水稻产量和氮素吸收利用影响的研究. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2014, 20: 517–524 Chen H F, Feng Y, Xu F S, Cai H M, Zhou W, Liu F, Pang Z M, Li D R. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer management on rice yield and nitrogen uptake in medium and low yield under the conditions of straw turnover. J Plant Nutr Fert, 2014, 20: 517–524 (in Chinese with English abstract) [9] 戴志刚, 鲁剑巍, 李小坤, 鲁明星, 杨文兵, 高祥照. 不同作物还田秸秆的养分释放特征试验. 农业工程学报, 2010, 26: 272–276 Dai Z G, Lu J W, Li X K, Lu M X, Yang W B, Gao X Z. Nutrient release characteristics of different crop straws manure. Trans CSAE, 2010, 26: 272–276 (in Chinese with English abstract) [10] 李勇, 曹红娣, 储亚云, 邓九胜, 朱荣松, 朱彩云, 蒋新华, 白洁瑞. 麦秆还田氮肥运筹对水稻产量及土壤氮素供应的影响. 土壤, 2010, 42: 569–573 Li Y, Cao H D, Chu Y Y, Deng J S, Zhu J S, Zhu C Y, Jiang X H, Bai J R. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer application in wheat straw returned to field on rice yield and soil nitrogen supply. Soils, 2010, 42: 569–573 (in Chinese with English abstract) [11] 胡雅杰, 朱大伟, 邢志鹏, 龚金龙, 张洪程, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 魏海燕, 郭保卫. 改进施氮运筹对水稻产量和氮素吸收利用的影响.植物营养与肥料学报, 2015, 21: 12–22 Hu Y J, Zhu D W, Xing Z P, Gong J L, Zhang H C, Dai Q G, Huo Z Y, Xu K, Wei H Y, Guo B W. Modifying nitrogen fertilization ratio to increase the yield and nitrogen uptake of super japonica rice. J Plant Nutr Fert, 2015, 21: 12–22 (in Chinese with English abstract) [12] 李录久, 王家嘉, 吴萍萍, 黄厚宽, 蒋荫锡. 秸秆还田下氮肥运筹对白土田水稻产量和氮吸收利用的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2016, 22: 254–262 Li L J, Wang J J, Wu P P, Huang H K, Jiang Y X. Effect of different nitrogen application on rice yield and N uptake of white soil under wheat straw turover. J Plant Nutr Fert,2016, 22: 254–262 (in Chinese with English abstract) [13] 严奉君, 孙永健, 马均, 徐徽, 李玥, 杨志远, 蒋明金, 吕腾飞. 秸秆覆盖与氮肥运筹对杂交稻根系生长及氮素利用的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2015, 21: 23–55 Yan F J, Sun Y J, Ma J, Xu H, Li Y, Yang Z Y, Jiang M J, Lyu T F. Effect of straw mulch and nitrogen management on root growth and nitrogen utilization characteristics of hybrid rice. J Plant Nutr Fert, 2015, 21: 23–55 (in Chinese with English abstract) [14] 陈夕进, 许应国, 朱从海, 吴一梅, 李德山. 氮肥运筹对麦秸全量还田后机插水稻的应用效果. 农机服务, 2011, 28(2): 168–169 Chen X J, Xu Y G, Zhu C H, Wu Y M, Li D S. The application effect of nitrogen fertilizer on machine transplanted japonica rice under total straw returning. Farm Machinery Service, 2011, 28(2): 168–169 (in Chinese with English abstract) [15] 袁玲, 张宣, 杨静, 杨春蕾, 曹小闯, 吴良欢. 不同栽培方式和秸秆还田对水稻产量和营养品质的影响. 作物学报, 2013, 39: 350–359 Yuan L, Zhang X, Yang J, Yang C L, Cao X C, Wu L H. Effects of different cultivation methods and straw incorporation on grain yield and nutrition quality of rice. Acta Agron Sin, 2013, 39: 350–359 (in Chinese with English abstract) [16] 叶文培, 谢小立, 王凯荣, 李志国. 不同时期秸秆还田对水稻生长发育及产量的影响. 中国水稻科学, 2008, 22: 65–70 Ye W P, Xie X L, Wang K R, Li Z G. Effects of rice straw manuring in different periods on growth and yield of rice. Chin J Rice Sci, 2008, 22: 65–70 (in Chinese with English abstract) [17] Xu Y Z, Nie L X, Buresh R J, Huang J L, Cui K H, Xu B, Gong W H, Peng S B. Agronomic performance of late-season rice under different tillage, straw, and nitrogen management. Field Crops Res, 2010, 115: 79–84 [18] 陈新红, 韩正光, 叶玉秀, 张安存, 王哲, 周青. 麦草全量机械还田对机插水稻产量和生长特性的影响. 西北农业学报, 2013, 22(8): 38–41 Chen X H, Han Z G, Ye Y X, Zhang A C, Wang Z, Zhou Q. Effects of wheat-residue application on grain yield and growth characteristics in mechanical transplanting rice. Acta Agric Boreali-occident Sin, 2013, 22(8): 38–41 (in Chinese with English abstract) [19] 徐国伟. 种植方式、秸秆还田与实地氮肥管理对水稻产量与品质的影响及其生理的研究. 扬州大学博士学位论文, 扬州, 2007 Xu G W. Effect of Planting Patterns, Straw Application and Site-specific Nitrogen Management on Grain Yield and Quality of Rice and Their Physiological Mechanism. Ph.D. Dissertation of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China, 2007 (in Chinese with English abstract) [20] 王建明, 杨建忠, 何晓艳, 毛华方, 石世杰. 小麦秸秆还田条件下氮肥运筹对水稻产量、品质和氮素利用的影响. 江苏农业科学, 2010, (6): 124–126 Wang J M, Yang J Z, He X Y, Mao H F, Shi S J. Effects of nitrogen application on yield, quality and nitrogen use efficiency of rice under wheat residue return. J Agric Sci Jiangsu, 2010, (6): 124–126 (in Chinese with English abstract) [21] 朱斌 苏建平, 李久进. 麦秸秆还田与氮肥不同运筹方式对水稻生长和产量的影响. 现代农业科技, 2012, (15): 12–15 Zhu B, Su J P, Li J J. Effects of different nitrogen application methods on growth and yield of rice. Modern Agric Sci & Technol, 2012, (15): 12–15 (in Chinese with English abstract) [22] 刘世平, 陈文林, 聂新涛, 张洪程, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲. 麦稻两熟地区不同埋深对还田秸秆腐解进程的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2007, 13: 1049–1053 Liu S P, Chen W L, Nie X T, Zhang H C, Dai Q G, Huo Z Y, Xu K. Effect of embedding depth on decomposition course of crop residues in rice-wheat system. Plant Nutr Fert Sci, 2007, 13: 1049–1053 (in Chinese with English abstract) [23] 马宗国, 卢绪奎, 万丽, 陈祖光, 左辉. 小麦秸秆还田对水稻生长及土壤肥力的影响. 作物杂志, 2003, (5): 37–38 Ma Z G, Lu X K, Wan L, Chen Z G, Zuo H. Effect of wheat straw returning on rice growth and soil nutrients. Crops, 2003, (5): 37–38 (in Chinese with English abstract) [24] Saigusa M, Hanaki M, Ito T. Decomposition pattern of rice straw in poorly drain paddy soil and recovery rate of straw nitrogen by rice plant in on-tillage transplanting cultivation. Jpn J Soil Sci Plant Nutr, 1999, 70: 157–163 [25] Van Asten P J A, Van Bodegom P M, Mulder L M, Kropff M J. Effect of straw application on rice yields and nutrient availability on an Alkaline and a pH-neutral soil in a sahelian irrigation scheme. Nutri Cycl Agroecosyst, 2005, 72: 255–266 [26] 陆强, 王继琛, 李静, 王磊, 张丽, 哈丽哈什?依巴提, 王秋君, 张坚超, 黄启为, 沈其荣. 秸秆还田与有机无机肥配施在稻麦轮作体系下对籽粒产量及氮素利用的影响. 南京农业大学学报, 2014, 37(6): 66–74 Lu Q, Wang J C, Li J, Wang L, Zhang L, Halihashi Y, Wang Q J, Zhang J C, Huang Q W, Shen Q R. Effect of straw returning and combined Applications of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer on grain yield and nitrogen utilization under rice-wheat rotation system. Nanjing Agric Univ, 2014, 37(6): 66–74 (in Chinese with English abstract) [27] 徐国伟, 吴长付, 刘辉, 王志琴, 杨建昌. 秸秆还田与氮肥管理对水稻养分吸收的影响. 农业工程学报, 2007, 23: 191–195 Xu G W, Wu C F, Liu H, Wang Z Q, Yang J C. Effects of straw residue return and nitrogen management on nutrient absorption of rice. Trans CSAE, 2007, 23: 191–195 (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[1] | 王丹, 周宝元, 马玮, 葛均筑, 丁在松, 李从锋, 赵明. 长江中游双季玉米种植模式周年气候资源分配与利用特征[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(6): 1437-1450. |
[2] | 王旺年, 葛均筑, 杨海昌, 阴法庭, 黄太利, 蒯婕, 王晶, 汪波, 周广生, 傅廷栋. 大田作物在不同盐碱地的饲料价值评价[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(6): 1451-1462. |
[3] | 颜佳倩, 顾逸彪, 薛张逸, 周天阳, 葛芊芊, 张耗, 刘立军, 王志琴, 顾骏飞, 杨建昌, 周振玲, 徐大勇. 耐盐性不同水稻品种对盐胁迫的响应差异及其机制[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(6): 1463-1475. |
[4] | 杨欢, 周颖, 陈平, 杜青, 郑本川, 蒲甜, 温晶, 杨文钰, 雍太文. 玉米-豆科作物带状间套作对养分吸收利用及产量优势的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(6): 1476-1487. |
[5] | 陈静, 任佰朝, 赵斌, 刘鹏, 张吉旺. 叶面喷施甜菜碱对不同播期夏玉米产量形成及抗氧化能力的调控[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(6): 1502-1515. |
[6] | 李祎君, 吕厚荃. 气候变化背景下农业气象灾害对东北地区春玉米产量影响[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(6): 1537-1545. |
[7] | 石艳艳, 马志花, 吴春花, 周永瑾, 李荣. 垄作沟覆地膜对旱地马铃薯光合特性及产量形成的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(5): 1288-1297. |
[8] | 闫晓宇, 郭文君, 秦都林, 王双磊, 聂军军, 赵娜, 祁杰, 宋宪亮, 毛丽丽, 孙学振. 滨海盐碱地棉花秸秆还田和深松对棉花干物质积累、养分吸收及产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(5): 1235-1247. |
[9] | 柯健, 陈婷婷, 吴周, 朱铁忠, 孙杰, 何海兵, 尤翠翠, 朱德泉, 武立权. 沿江双季稻北缘区晚稻适宜品种类型及高产群体特征[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(4): 1005-1016. |
[10] | 李瑞东, 尹阳阳, 宋雯雯, 武婷婷, 孙石, 韩天富, 徐彩龙, 吴存祥, 胡水秀. 增密对不同分枝类型大豆品种同化物积累和产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(4): 942-951. |
[11] | 王吕, 崔月贞, 吴玉红, 郝兴顺, 张春辉, 王俊义, 刘怡欣, 李小刚, 秦宇航. 绿肥稻秆协同还田下氮肥减量的增产和培肥短期效应[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(4): 952-961. |
[12] | 杜浩, 程玉汉, 李泰, 侯智红, 黎永力, 南海洋, 董利东, 刘宝辉, 程群. 利用Ln位点进行分子设计提高大豆单荚粒数[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(3): 565-571. |
[13] | 陈云, 李思宇, 朱安, 刘昆, 张亚军, 张耗, 顾骏飞, 张伟杨, 刘立军, 杨建昌. 播种量和穗肥施氮量对优质食味直播水稻产量和品质的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(3): 656-666. |
[14] | 袁嘉琦, 刘艳阳, 许轲, 李国辉, 陈天晔, 周虎毅, 郭保卫, 霍中洋, 戴其根, 张洪程. 氮密处理提高迟播栽粳稻资源利用和产量[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(3): 667-681. |
[15] | 丁红, 徐扬, 张冠初, 秦斐斐, 戴良香, 张智猛. 不同生育期干旱与氮肥施用对花生氮素吸收利用的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(3): 695-703. |
|