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作物学报 ›› 2014, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (03): 556-562.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2014.00556

• 研究简报 • 上一篇    下一篇

甘蔗-大豆间作和减量施氮对甘蔗产量和主要农艺性状的影响

杨文亭1,2,李志贤1,3,赖健宁1,吴鹏1,章莹1,王建武1,*   

  1. 1 华南农业大学热带亚热带生态研究所，广东广州 510642；2 江西农业大学农学院，江西南昌 330045；3 湖南科技大学煤炭资源清洁利用与矿山环境保护湖南省重点实验室，湖南湘潭 411201
  • 收稿日期:2013-07-11 修回日期:2013-11-25 出版日期:2014-03-12 网络出版日期:2014-01-16
  • 通讯作者: 王建武, E-mail: wangjw@scau.edu.cn, Tel: 020-38604886
  • 基金资助:

    本研究由国家重大基础研究计划(973计划)项目(2011CB100400), 国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD14B16-04)和广东省科技计划项目(2012A020100003)资助。

Effects of Sugarcane-Soybean Intercropping and Reduced Nitrogen Application on Yield and Major Agronomic Traits of Sugarcane

YANG Wen-Ting1,2,LI Zhi-Xian1,3,LAI Jian-Ning1,WU Peng1,ZHANG Ying1,WANG Jian-Wu1,*   

  1. 1 Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Ecology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; 2 College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; 3 Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Coal Resources Clean-utilization and Mine Environment Protection, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
  • Received:2013-07-11 Revised:2013-11-25 Published:2014-03-12 Published online:2014-01-16
  • Contact: 王建武, E-mail: wangjw@scau.edu.cn, Tel: 020-38604886

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摘要：

甘蔗-大豆间作逐渐得到推广应用。我们于2009—2011年连续3年在华南农业大学农场进行大田定位试验，探讨甘蔗-大豆间作和减量施氮对甘蔗产量和主要农艺性状的影响。试验设置3种种植模式(甘蔗-大豆(1∶1)间作、甘蔗-大豆(1∶2)间作、甘蔗单作)和2种施氮水平(常规施氮，525 kg hm–2和减量施氮，300 kg hm–2)。结果表明，施氮水平连续3年对甘蔗产量均无显著影响；相比甘蔗单作，甘蔗-大豆间作模式在2010年显著降低了甘蔗产量，但2009、2011年和3年均值都表明间作模式对甘蔗产量无显著影响。3年结果表明施氮水平对甘蔗的主要农艺性状均无显著影响；种植模式对甘蔗株高没有显著影响，但显著影响了甘蔗茎粗、有效茎数和单株产量，与甘蔗单作相比，2009年的甘蔗-大豆间作显著降低了甘蔗有效茎数，2011年甘蔗-大豆间作模式下的甘蔗茎粗和单株产量均显著大于甘蔗单作。相关分析表明，甘蔗产量与甘蔗单株产量、有效茎数和株高均呈正相关，其中甘蔗-大豆(1∶2)间作模式下甘蔗产量与单株产量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)，减量施氮水平下的甘蔗-大豆(1∶2)间作模式的甘蔗产量与有效茎数呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。综合来看，减量施氮和间作大豆对甘蔗产量影响不显著，对甘蔗主要农艺性状也没有显著负面影响。从节约成本和维持甘蔗产量来考虑，减量施氮水平下的甘蔗-大豆(1∶2)间作模式具有一定的可行性。

关键词: 甘蔗-大豆间作, 产量, 氮素, 株高, 有效茎数

Abstract:

Sugarcane-soybean intercropping pattern is gradually popularized and applied in China. Three years continuous (2009–2011) field experiments were conducted in South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou to investigate the effect of sugarcane-soybean intercropping systems on yield and major agronomic traits of sugarcane. Experiments with randomized block design included six treatments with two rates of N fertilizer (reduced nitrogen application, 300 kg ha–1; normal nitrogen application, 525 kg ha–1) and three cropping patterns [sugarcane monocropping, sugarcane-soybean (1:1) intercropping, sugarcane/soybean (1:2) intercropping]. The results showed that nitrogen rates had no effect on sugarcane yield and agronomic traits in 2009–2011. Compared with sugarcane monocropping, sugarcane-soybean intercropping obviously reduced sugarcane yield only in 2010, and no significant influence in sugercane yield in 2009, 2011 as well as average of the three years. Cropping patterns had no significant influence on plant height in 2009–2011. Compared with sugarcane monoculture, sugarcane-soybean intercropping obviously reduced the sugarcane millable stalks in 2009, significantly increased sugarcane stem diameter and yield per plant in 2011. Sugarcane yield had positive correlation with yield per plant, millable stalks and plant height. Sugarcane yield had highly significant positive correlation with yield per plant in sugarcane/soybean (1:2) intercropping (P<0.01). Sugarcane yield had notable correlation with millable stalks in sugarcane/soybean (1:2) intercropping under reduced nitrogen application (P<0.05). In conclusion, reduced nitrogen application and intercropping patterns had no negative influence on sugarcane agronomic traits in 2009–2011, and significant effect on sugarcane yield based on average values of the three years. Sugarcane-soybean intercropping with reduced nitrogen application is feasible in practice in consideration of saving cost and sustaining sugarcane yield.

Key words: Sugarcane-soybean intercropping;, Yield, Nitrogen, Plant height, Millable stalks

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