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作物学报 ›› 2014, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (07): 1320-1329.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2014.01320

• 研究简报 • 上一篇    

长江中游地区双季稻安全生产日期的变化

艾治勇1，郭夏宇1，刘文祥1，马国辉1，青先国2,*   

  1. 1 杂交水稻国家重点实验室 / 湖南杂交水稻研究中心，湖南长沙 410125；2 湖南农业大学，湖南长沙 410128
  • 收稿日期:2013-10-29 修回日期:2014-04-16 出版日期:2014-07-12 网络出版日期:2014-05-16
  • 通讯作者: 青先国, E-mail: qingxianguo@163.com
  • 基金资助:

    本研究由国家自然科学基金项目(31301264)，国家公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201206020)，国家粮食丰产科技工程湖南专项(2011BAD16B01, 2012BAD04B10, 2013BAD07B11)，湖南省重点项目(2012SK2009)和湖南省自然科学基金项目(2013JJ5040)资助。

Changes of Safe Production Dates of Double-season Rice in Middle Reach of the Yangtze River

AI Zhi-Yong1,GUO Xia-Yu1,LIU Wen-Xiang1,MA Guo-Hui1，QING Xian-Guo2,*   

  1. 1 State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice / Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha 410125, China; 2 Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
  • Received:2013-10-29 Revised:2014-04-16 Published:2014-07-12 Published online:2014-05-16
  • Contact: 青先国, E-mail: qingxianguo@163.com

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被引次数

9

摘要：

安全生产日期是品种和种植方式选择、温光资源高效利用和生产季节安全的重要基础。本文以长江中游地区47个气象台站的逐日日平均温度资料为基础，分析了近50年(1960—2009)该地区50%和80%保证率的双季稻各安全生产期。发现生产中常用的80%保证率安全生产日期，后25年(1985—2009)较前25年(1960—1984)早稻覆膜旱育秧安全播种期推迟了3 d，早稻露地水育秧安全播种期提前了3 d，早稻安全移栽期提前了4 d，杂交晚籼稻安全齐穗期提前了3 d，常规晚籼稻安全齐穗期推迟了1 d，晚籼稻安全成熟期基本没有变化，早稻覆膜旱育秧条件下的双季稻安全生产季节天数缩短了4 d，早稻露地水育秧条件下的双季稻安全生产季节天数延长了1 d。本文列出了后25年各气象台站80%保证率的安全生产日期，按就近指导原则可以作为各地双季稻生产季节安排、品种和种植方式选择的依据。对比东北、华北、黄淮等地区，长江中游地区的气候及安全生产日期变化并不显著。除早稻露地水育秧安全播种期、早稻安全移栽期明显提前，有利于早稻提早播种、增加产量潜力外，其他安全生产日期的变化并不利于延长生长季节和增加产量潜力，其中晚稻安全齐穗期还略有提前。因此，从生产安全性的角度，该地区不能盲目地推广直播稻，机插稻也应重视安全生产日期的问题，搞好品种选择和播期安排。

关键词: 长江中游, 双季稻, 安全生产日期, 气候变化

Abstract:

Safe production date is an important basis for variety and planting pattern selections, high use efficiency of heat and light resources, and production season safety. In this study, the daily average temperatures during the 50 years (1960–2009) provided by 47 meteorological stations in Middle Reach of the Yangtze River were analyzed, and several safe production dates for double-season rice with 50% and 80% guarantee rates were provided. Among the safe dates with 80% guarantee rate which were used generally in double-season rice production, the safe sowing date of early-season rice seedlings raised in dry nursery covered with film was three days later, that in wet nursery without covering was three days earlier, the safe transplanting date of early-season rice was four days earlier, the safe full heading date of late-season hybrid indica rice was three days earlier, and that of late-season inbred indica rice was one day later, the days of safe growth season of the double-season rice whose early-season rice seedlings raised in dry nursery covered with film were four days shorter, those in wet nursery without covering were one day longer during the second 25 years than during the first 25 years, and safe maturity date of late-season rice between the first and the second 25 years was not changed. In this paper safe production dates with 80% guarantee rate from each meteorological station during the second 25 years were proposed, which could be utilized as a references for production season arrangement, variety and planting pattern selections in double-season rice production according to the nearest guiding principles. The changes of climate and safe production date were not more significant in middle reach of the Yangtze River than in the Northeast and the North China. The clear advance of safe sowing date of early-season rice seedlings raised in wet nursery without covering and safe transplanting date of early-season rice was advantageous to move seeding date forward and improve yield potential for early-season rice. Changes of other safe dates were disadvantageous to prolong growth season and increase yield potential, even have a small advance for full heading date of late-season rice. Consequently, from the perspective of production safety, the direct-seeding rice should not be generalized blindly, for the machine-transplanting rice more attention should be paid to safe production date, suitable variety selection and sowing date arrangement in this area.

Key words: Middle reach of the Yangtze River, Double-season rice, Safe production date, Climate change

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