古蔺牛皮茶种质资源遗传多态性

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2014.02118

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

古蔺牛皮茶是四川省特有的茶树种质资源, 原产于四川省泸州市古蔺县古蔺镇枣林村椒子沟。为了更好地保护和利用珍稀的茶树种质资源, 在椒子沟山区选取7个居群共76株典型的古蔺牛皮茶树, 采用实地调查记录、生化成分检测及ISSR分子标记等方法, 分析该种质资源的形态学特征、品质生化成分及遗传多态性。结果表明: (1)古蔺牛皮茶树型为灌木或小乔木; 成熟叶片为绿色或深绿色, 主要为中叶, 叶形为椭圆或长椭圆; 新梢芽叶玉白、黄绿、绿色或紫绿色。表明古蔺牛皮茶居群间表型特征多样化。(2)在7个居群中鉴定出高茶多酚(春梢>27%, 夏梢>31%)和儿茶素(春梢>150mg g^-1, 夏梢>190 mg g^-1)的居群2个, 游离氨基酸较高( >4.5%)的居群2个; 其酚/氨值在3.84~16.95之间。表明古蔺牛皮茶在茶叶育种和茶叶加工等方面具有较高的利用价值。(3) 15条ISSR引物共扩增出135条谱带, 其中122条多态性条带, 多态性位点百分比为90.4%。供试材料间的平均Nei’s基因多态性指数(H)和Shannon’s信息指数(I)分别为0.254和0.392, 表明材料间的遗传多态性较低。

关键词: 古蔺牛皮茶, 种质资源, 遗传多态性, ISSR

Abstract:

Gulin-niupicha (Camellia sinensis)is an specific tea landrace population grown in Jiaozigou, Gulin County, Sichuan Province, China. To protect and make use of the tea germplasm resources effectively, we conducted a study investigating the morphologic characteristics, biochemical components and genetic diversity of Gulin-niupicha germplasm resources in which a total of 76 individuals from seven populations were used to identify the phenotypic and genetic traits by data collection, samples analysis and inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) analysis. The results showed that: there were various biological characteristics among the seven populations. Importantly, a majority of Gulin-niupicha were shrubs, with semi-tree rescent form. Their mature leaves were medium in size and elliptic or long elliptic in shape, with green or dark green and the color in tender shoot varied including white, light green, green, dark green and violet-blue. Moreover, in that light of determination of biochemical components, free amino acid content was higher in two populations (AA>4.5%), and tea polyphenols (TP>27%, spring; TP>31%, summer) and catechins (>150 mg g^-1, spring; > 190 mg g^-1, summer) content were both higher in two populations, while the among of TP/AA ratio of these populations was 3.84~16.95, which indicated that the Gulin-niupicha has a high value in tea plant breeding and deep processing. Consistently, 135 DNA fragments among the 76 tea accessions were amplified using 15 ISSR primers, 122 bands of which were polymorphic (PPB=90.4%). Nei’s gene diversity (H) and Shannon’s information index (I) were 0.254 and 0.392, respectively, indicating that the diversity of the tested tea germplasm is relatively low.

Key words: Gulin-niupicha (Camellia sinensis L.), Germplasm resources, Genetic diversity, ISSR

刘绍杰,迟琳,谢文钢,韩楠,陈应会,何鑫,唐茜. 古蔺牛皮茶种质资源遗传多态性[J]. 作物学报, 2014, 40(12): 2118-2127.

LIU Shao-Jie,CHI Lin,XIE Wen-Gang,HAN Nan,CHEN Ying-Hui,TANG Qian. Genetic Diversity of Gulin-niupicha (Camellia sinensis [L.] O. Kuntze) Germplasm Resources[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2014, 40(12): 2118-2127.

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