欢迎访问作物学报，今天是
作物学报

作物学报 ›› 2014, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (12): 2169-2175.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2014.02169

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

小麦秸秆还田和施钾对棉花产量与养分吸收的效应

张凡1,睢宁1,余超然1,刘瑞显2,杨长琴2,宋光雷1,孟亚利1,*,周治国1   

  1. 1 南京农业大学农学院 / 农业部南方作物生理生态重点开放实验室, 江苏南京 210095; 2 江苏省农业科学院经济作物研究所, 江苏南京 210014
  • 收稿日期:2014-04-17 修回日期:2014-09-16 出版日期:2014-12-12 网络出版日期:2014-10-16
  • 通讯作者: 孟亚利, E-mail: mengyl@njau.edu.cn, Tel: 025-84396813
  • 基金资助:

    本研究由国家自然科学基金项目(31371583)和江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目(CX(12)3034)资助。

Effects of Wheat Straw Returning and K Fertilizer Application on Yield and Nutrients Uptake of Cotton

ZHANG Fan1,SUI Ning1,YU Chao-Ran1,LIU Rui-Xian2,YANG Chang-Qin2,SONG Guang-Lei1,MENG Ya-Li1,*,ZHOU Zhi-Guo1   

  1. 1 Nanjing Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China;
    2 Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agriculture Science, Nanjing 210014, China
  • Received:2014-04-17 Revised:2014-09-16 Published:2014-12-12 Published online:2014-10-16
  • Contact: 孟亚利, E-mail: mengyl@njau.edu.cn, Tel: 025-84396813

RichHTML

PDF

1315

被引次数

11

摘要：

在长江流域麦棉两熟制条件下，以Bt转基因抗虫棉为材料，设置不同秸秆还田量(4500 kg hm–2和9000 kg hm–2，即半量还田和全量还田)与施钾量(K2O，150 kg hm-2和300 kg hm-2)田间定位试验，研究小麦秸秆还田对棉花产量和主要养分吸收累积的影响及其与化肥钾的差异。结果表明，在施用氮磷肥的基础上，与对照相比，秸秆全量还田处理显著提高了铃数、铃重和皮棉产量，还田第2年和第3年产量增长率分别达143.5%和93.7%；显著提高了各生育时期尤其是吐絮期生物量和氮磷钾养分吸收量，延缓了棉花衰老。秸秆还田对钾吸收的促进效应大于氮磷，还田第3年棉株钾累积总量较对照增加335.1%，每生产100 kg皮棉钾吸收比例增大112.1%。秸秆全量还田处理(K2O，约折合150 kg hm–2)促进养分吸收、防止早衰及增产效应均显著大于秸秆半量还田处理，但显著低于施钾量300 kg K2O hm–2处理，与施钾量150 kg K2O hm–2处理的增产效果相当，但养分吸收量较150 kg K2O hm–2处理下降。

关键词: 秸秆还田, 化学钾, 棉花, 养分吸收, 产量

Abstract:

A three-year stationary experiment with treatments of wheat straw (4500 and 9000 kg ha–1) mulching and K fertilizer (150 and 300 kg K2O ha–1) application was conducted using insect-resistant cotton under wheat-cotton double cropping system in the Lower Reaches of Yangtze River (Nanjing). The results showed that compared with control (without K fertilizer and wheat straw returning), total wheat straw returning significantly increased boll number, boll weight and lint yield of cotton with lint yield increasing rate of 143.5% and 93.7% in the second and third years after straw returning, respectively. Biomass and nutrients absorption at different growth stages were significantly improved by total wheat straw returning, especially in the boll opening stage, and the senescence of vegetative organs was delayed. Wheat straw returning promoted K absorption much greater than N and P absorption. Compared with control, total K uptake by cotton plant and K uptake per 100 kg lint increased by 335.1% and 112.1% respectively in the third year after straw returning. The treatment of total wheat straw returning much promoted nutrients uptake, yield, and delaying premature senescence than the treatment of half wheat straw returning, while significantly less than the treatment of 300 kg K2O ha–1. The yield-increasing effect was equal but the nutrients uptake per 100 kg lint was less in the treatment of total wheat straw returning than in the treatment of 150 kg K2O ha–1.

Key words: Wheat straw returning, K fertilizer, Cotton, Nutrients absorption, Yield

[1]范希峰, 王汉霞, 田晓莉, 段留生, 王保民, 何钟佩, 李召虎. 钾肥对棉花产量的影响及最佳施用量研究. 棉花学报, 2006, 18: 175–179



Fan X F, Wang H X, Tian X L, Duan L S, Wang B M, He Z P, Li Z H. Effect of potassium on yield of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and optimal quantity of potassium in Huanghuaihai Plain, China. Cotton Sci, 2006, 18: 175–179 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[2]白由路. 高价格下我国钾肥的应变策略. 中国土壤与肥料, 2009, 221(3): 1–4



Bai Y L. Response strategy of potassium fertilizer under high price in China. Soil Fert Sci China, 2009, 221(3): 1–4 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[3]Wang X B, Wu H J, Dai K. Tillage and crop residue effects on rainfed wheat and maize production in northern China. Field Crops Res, 2011, 1: 106–116



[4]刘义国, 刘永红, 刘洪军, 商健, 于淙超, 林琪. 秸秆还田量对土壤理化性状及小麦产量的影响. 中国农学通报, 2013, 29: 131–135



Liu Y G, Liu Y H, Liu H J, Shang J, Yu Z C, Lin Q. Effects of straw returning amount on soil physical and chemical properties and yield of wheat. Chin Agric Sci Bull, 2013, 29: 131–135 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[5]王志勇, 白由路, 杨俐苹, 卢艳丽, 王磊, 王贺. 低土壤肥力下施钾和秸秆还田对作物产量及土壤钾素平衡的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2012, 18: 900–906



Wang Z Y, Bai Y L, Yang L P, Lu Y L, Wang L, Wang H. Effects of application of potassium fertilizer and straw returning on crop yields and soil potassium balance in low-yielding fields. Plant Nutr Fert Sci, 2012, 18: 900–906 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[6]Wu J, Guo X S, Wang Y Q, Xu Z Y, Zhang X L, Lu J W. Decomposition characteristics of rapeseed and wheat straw under different water regimes and straw incorporating models. J Food Agric Environ, 2011, 9: 572–577



[7]刘冬青, 辛淑荣, 张世贵. 不同覆盖方式对旱地棉田土壤环境及棉花产量的影响. 干旱地区农业研究, 2003, 21(2): 18–21



Liu D Q, Xin S R, Zhang S G. Effeets of difference mulehing on the soil environment and cotton yield of cotton in dry land field. Agric Res Arid Areas, 2003, 21(2): 18–21 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[8]Gwathmey C O, Bradley J F, Chambers A Y, Howard D D, Tyler D D. Physiological responses to tillage systems, cover crops, and residue management. In: James M S, Derrick O, James J H, Jack M. Physiology of Cotton. New York: Springer, 2010. pp 246–254



[9]Rafique E, Mahmood-Ul-Hassan M, Rashid A, Chaudhary M F. Nutrient balances as affected by integrated nutrient and crop residue management in cotton-wheat system in Aridisols. I. Nitrogen. J Plant Nutr, 2012, 35: 591–616



[10]王克如, 李少昆, 曹连莆, 宋光杰, 陈刚, 曹栓柱. 新疆高产棉田氮, 磷, 钾吸收动态及模式初步研究. 中国农业科学, 2003, 36: 775–780



Wang K R, Li S K, Cao L P, Song G J, Chen G. Cao S Z. A preliminary study on dynamics and models of N, P, K absorption in high yield cotton in Xinjiang. Sci Agric Sin, 2003, 36: 775–780 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[11]Reiter M S, Reeves D W, Burmester C H, Torbert H A. Cotton nitrogen management in a high-residue conservation system: cover crop fertilization. Soil Sci Soc Am J, 2008, 72: 1321–1329



[12]杨帆, 董燕, 徐明岗, 包耀贤. 南方地区秸秆还田对土壤综合肥力和作物产量的影响. 应用生态学报, 2012, 23: 3040–3044



Yang F, Dong Y, Xu M G, Bao Y X. Effects of straw returning on the integrated soil fertility and crop yield in southern China. Chin J Appl Ecol, 2012, 23: 3040–3044 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[13]Jalota S K, Buttar G S, Sood A, Chahal G B S, Ray S S, Panigrahy S. Effects of sowing date, tillage and residue management on productivity of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) system in northwest India. Soil Till Res, 2008, 99: 76–83



[14]Zhang Z Y, Tian X L, Duan L S, Wang B M, He Z P, Li Z H. Differential responses of conventional and Bt-transgenic cotton to potassium deficiency. J Plant Nutr, 2007, 30: 659–670



[15]孙丽敏, 李春杰, 何萍, 刘孟朝, 胡景辉. 长期施钾和秸秆还田对河北潮土区作物产量和土壤钾素状况的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2012, 18: 1099–1106



Sun L M, Li C J, He P, Liu M C, Hu J H. Effects of long-term K application and straw returning on crop yield and soil K status in fluvo-aquic soil of Hebei Province. Plant Nutr Fert Sci, 2012, 18: 1099–1106 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[16]谭德水, 金继运, 黄绍文. 长期施钾与秸秆还田对西北地区不同种植制度下作物产量及土壤钾素的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2008, 14: 886–893



Tan D S, Jin J Y, Huang S W. Effect of long-term K fertilizer application and returning wheat straw to soil on crop yield and soil K under different planting systems in northwestern China. Plant Nutr Fert Sci, 2008, 14: 886–893 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[17]Wells R, Stewart A M. Morphological alterations in response to management and environment. In: James M S, Derrick O, James J H, Jack M. Physiology of Cotton. New York: Springer, 2010. pp 24–32



[18]贾仁清, 叶德柱, 石吟梅. 高产棉花的干物质积累和氮磷钾养分的吸收分配规律探讨. 中国棉花, 1981, 8(5): 27–30



Jia R Q, Ye D Z, Shi Y M. Discussion on accumulation and distribution of dry matter and nutrients of high yield cotton. China Cotton, 1981, 8(5): 27–30



[19]王娇, 佀传亚, 张成, 殷志峰, 徐文修, 马晓勇. 不同施钾量对陆地棉干物质积累, 养分吸收和产量的影响. 新疆农业科学, 2012, 49: 2163–2169



Wang J, Si C Y, Zhang C, Yin Z F, Xu W X, Ma X Y. Effect of different amounts of potassium on dry matter accumulation, nutrient absorption and yield of land cotton. Xinjiang Agric Sci, 2012, 49: 2163–2169 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[20]Mullins G L, Burmester C H. Relation of growth and development to mineral nutrition. In: James M S, Derrick O, James J H, Jack M. Physiology of Cotton. New York: Springer, 2010. pp 97–105
[1] 胡川, 赵凯男, 黄修利, 吴金芝, 任开明, 王贺正, 付国占, 黄明, 李友军. 一次灌溉下耕作方式和氮肥用量对旱地小麦产量和品质的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(6): 1830-1846.
[2] 马胜乾, 王志平, 陈浩天, 窦淑贤, 张燕, 邓艾兴, 张卫建, 原向阳, 宋振伟. 秸秆还田下耕作方式与氮肥施用量对东北玉米产量及土壤团聚体的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(6): 1802-1816.
[3] 张思思, 赵向辉, 周洋, 姚云凤, 朱荣昱, 董元杰, 胡国庆, 徐通, 刘兆新. 冬闲期翻耕和绿肥还田对连作花生田土壤理化性质和产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1472-1486.
[4] 张宁宁, 滕雨菲, 任娜娜, 魏兴卓, 闫书豪, 樊可心, 王永宏, 陈文康, 张兴华, 朱万超, 徐淑兔, 薛吉全. 201份玉米自交系抗旱表型评价及可塑性分析[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1309-1325.
[5] 王宇诚, 张露, 刘阿康, 黄见良, 彭少兵, 袁珅. 基于产量差的作物大面积单产提升策略与展望[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1279-1290.
[6] 赵佳雪, 周龙昊, 郭岂源, 尚伦霄, 王涵, 刘志涛, 陈曦, 张晓佩, 宋宪亮, 毛丽丽. 长期秸秆还田与深松通过改善土壤环境与棉花光合特性提高滨海盐碱地棉花产量[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1548-1560.
[7] 郭星宇, 胡丹, 林苏期, 王梦凯, 谭文峰, 黄传琴. 生物炭配施化肥提高玉米‖大豆下玉米产量和土壤生态系统多功能性[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1536-1547.
[8] 张曦, 王广恩, 李邵琦, 刘祎, 李俊兰, 钱玉源. 基于转录组测序解析陆海杂交姊妹系马克隆值差异的形成机制[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1442-1458.
[9] 张振, 冯连杰, 石玉, 于振文, 张永丽. 节水补灌下不同穗型小麦产量形成差异研究[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1522-1535.
[10] 闫安, 蒋昆炜, 王蓉圆, 田林, 张璐, 王韵, 徐建龙. 水稻剑叶小维管束数基因SVN7的鉴定与克隆[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1364-1372.
[11] 刘昕萌, 任昊, 张继波, 张吉旺, 赵斌, 任佰朝, 刘鹏, 王洪章. 茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)缓解高温影响玉米雌穗分化的生理机制[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1561-1572.
[12] 王壮壮, 武紫君, 张永新, 张芯源, 袁丽雪, 陈如雪, 刘世举, 段剑钊, 冯伟, 王同朝, 王永华. 豫东南黏壤潮土区水氮优化协同提高冬小麦产量和氮素利用效率[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1501-1521.
[13] 张鸿蓉, 王菲儿, 李盼, 仇海龙, 朱静, 赵连豪, 南运有, 何蔚, 樊志龙, 胡发龙, 柴强, 殷文. 减量20%灌水与25%有机肥替代化肥提高青贮玉米产量的光合特性[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1487-1500.
[14] 蔡宏玮, 于爱忠, 姜科强, 王鹏飞, 王玉珑, 霍建喆, 庞小能, 尹波, 尚永盼. 干旱灌区有机肥替代部分化肥促进甜玉米产量提升的关键机制[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(4): 1166-1180.
[15] 崔雪梅, 柳妍娣, 刘景辉, 米俊珍, 武俊英, 赵宝平. 不同基因型燕麦强弱势粒生理特性与产量关系研究[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(4): 1220-1235.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!
京ICP备15008789号-2