作物学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (04): 601-612.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2015.00601
郑云普1,2,4,徐明2,*,王建书3,邱帅2,王贺新4
ZHENG Yun-Pu1,2,4,XU Ming2,*,WANG Jian-Shu3,QIU Shuai2,WANG He-Xin3
摘要:
气孔是植物叶片表面控制大气与植物间气体交换的孔状结构, 对于生态系统碳、水循环过程的调节起着非常重要的作用。本文利用典型农田生态系统实验增温平台,研究了未来气候变暖对玉米叶片的气孔特征(包括气孔频度、气孔开口大小和形状以及气孔分布格局)和气体交换过程的影响。结果表明:(1)尽管增温并没有改变气孔密度(P>0.05),但却由于表皮细胞数目的减少导致气孔指数显著增加12% (P<0.05);(2)增温使气孔开口的长度显著减小18% (P<0.01),宽度增加26% (P<0.01),面积和周长分别增加31% (P <0.01)和13% (P<0.05);(3)实验增温还使单个气孔之间最近邻域的平均距离显著增加,表明气孔在玉米叶片上的分布变得更加均匀;(4)增温导致玉米叶片的净光合反应速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)分别增加52% (P<0.05)、163% (P<0.001)和81% (P<0.05);与此相反,玉米叶片的暗呼吸速率(Rd)却显著降低24% (P<0.01)。增温没有对细胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和水分利用效率(WUE)产生显著的影响(P>0.05)。本研究结果表明,未来全球气候变暖可能通过改变玉米叶片的气孔频度、气孔开口大小和形状及其在叶片上的空间分布格局来改变其气体交换过程。
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