欢迎访问作物学报,今天是

作物学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (05): 758-765.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2015.00758

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同氮肥和密度对直播油菜冠层结构及群体特征的影响

左青松1,2,蒯婕1,杨士芬1,曹石1,杨阳1,吴莲蓉1,孙盈盈1,周广生1,*,吴江生1   

  1. 1 华中农业大学植物科学技术学院, 湖北武汉 430070; 2 扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室, 江苏扬州 225009
  • 收稿日期:2014-11-23 修回日期:2015-03-19 出版日期:2015-05-12 网络出版日期:2015-04-01
  • 通讯作者: 周广生, E-mail: zhougs@mail.hzau.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    本研究由国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD20B06, 2014BAD11B03), 国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(201203096), 国家现代农业(油菜)产业技术体系建设专项(nycytx-00510)和高校自主科技创新基金项目(2013PY001)资助。

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Planting Density on Canopy Structure and Population Characteristic of Rapeseed with Direct Seeding Treatment

ZUO Qing-Song1,2,KUAI Jie1,YANG Shi-Fen1,CAO Shi1,YANG Yang1,WU Lian-Rong1,SUN Ying-Ying1,ZHOU Guang-Sheng1,*,WU Jiang-Sheng1   

  1. 1 College of Plant Science and Technology of Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; 2 Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
  • Received:2014-11-23 Revised:2015-03-19 Published:2015-05-12 Published online:2015-04-01
  • Contact: 周广生, E-mail: zhougs@mail.hzau.edu.cn

摘要:

以华油杂62为材料,105机械直播,在中氮(180 kg N hm–2)和高氮(270 kg N hm–2) 2个水平下设置5个密度(15×10430×10445×10460×10475×104 hm2)处理的裂区试验,研究产量、冠层结构、农艺和光合特征等指标。结果表明2个氮水平下,分枝起点高度和冠层倒伏角度均随密度增加而增加,根颈粗和冠层高度均随密度增加而降低。在45×104 hm2密度范围内,低效分枝比例随密度增加而减少。中氮水平下,45×10460×104 hm–2处理产量较高,在2921.2~3109.8 kg hm–2之间。高氮水平下,30×10445×104 hm–2处理产量较高,在3607.2~3772.4 kg hm–2之间,与其对应的初花期叶面积指数和结实期角果皮面积指数分别为3.72~3.944.21~4.34;初花期和结实期的透光率分别为6.1%~7.4%16.4%~18.1%;群体有效角果数为65.5×106~68.7×106 hm–2与传统的移栽油菜相比,直播油菜通过减氮增密栽培措施,在纯氮用量270 kg hm–2条件下,2种密度(30×10445×104 hm–2)均可获得3600 kg hm–2以上产量,且适度密植可降低根颈粗,冠层相对集中,利于机械收获。

关键词: 冬油菜, 直播冠层, 光合特征

Abstract:

Cultivar Huayouza 62 was planted by mechanical seeding on 5 October with two nitrogen rates (180 and 270 kg ha–1) and five planting densities (15×104, 30×104, 45×104, 60×104, and 75×104 plant ha–1). The differences of yield, canopy structure, agronomic traits and photosynthetic characteristics were studied. The results showed that with the increase of density, starting point of branch and lodging angle of canopy enhanced, while root collar diameter and height of canopy declined. In the density range of 45×104 plant ha–1, the low effective branch proportion lowered with the increase of density. Densities of 45×104 and 60×104 plant ha–1 resulted in higher yield from 2921.2 to 3109.8 kg ha–1 than other densities under middle nitrogen rate. Densities of 30×104 and 45×104 plant ha–1 did higher yield from 3607.2 to 3772.4 kg ha–1 than other densities under high nitrogen rate, and the corresponding suitable values of leaf area index (LAI) at beginning flowering stage, pod area index (PAI) at seed filling stage, light transmittance of bottom at beginning flowering stage, light transmittance of canopy at seed filling stage, and effective pod number were within the ranges from 3.72 to 3.94, from 4.21 to 4.34, from 6.1% to 7.4%, from 16.4% to 18.1% and from 65.5×106 to 68.7×106 ha–1, respectively. Compared with traditional transplanting rapeseed, the direct seeding rapeseed could obtain high yield exceeding 3600 kg ha–1 by reducing nitrogen rate and increasing density with 270 kg ha–1 nitrogen fertilizer under both densities of 30×104 and 45×104 plant ha–1. Reasonable plant density can effectively reduce the root collar diameter and the height of canopy, and concentrate pod maturing, which would help promote mechanical harvesting in rapeseed production.

Key words: Winter rapeseed, Direct seeding, Canopy structure, Photosynthetic characteristic

[1]高建芹, 浦惠明, 龙卫华, 胡茂龙, 戚存扣. 高油酸甘蓝型油菜油酸积累动态. 中国油料作物学报, 2012, 34: 359–365



Gao J Q, Pu H M, Long W H, Hu M L, Qi C K. Dynamics of oleic acid contents in organs of high-oleic rapeseed lines. Chin J Oil Crop Sci, 2012, 34: 359–365 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[2]沈琼, 张思光. 我国油菜生产中科技进步与资源配置潜力分析. 农业现代化研究, 2005, 26: 358–361



Shen Q, Zhang S G. Potential on technology advanced and resources allocation of rapeseed production in China. Res Agric Modern, 2005, 26: 358–361 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[3]吴崇友, 易中懿. 我国油菜全程机械化技术路线的选择. 中国农机化, 2009, (2): 3–6



Wu C Y, Yi Z Y. Selection of technology route of oilseed rape mechanization in entire production proceeding in China. Chin Agric Mech, 2009, (2): 3–6 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[4]殷艳, 王汉中, 廖星. 年我国油菜产业发展形势分析及对策建议. 中国油料作物学报, 2009, 31: 259–262



Yin Y, Wang H Z, Liao X. Analysis and strategy for 2009 rapeseed industry development in China. Chin J Oil Crop Sci, 2009, 31: 259–262 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[5]周广生, 左青松, 廖庆喜, 吴江生, 傅廷栋. 我国油菜机械化生产现状、存在问题及对策. 湖北农业科学, 2013, 52: 2153–2156



Zhou G S, Zuo Q S, Liao Q X, Wu J S, Fu T D. Mechanical production status, existing problems and stpercentagegy discussion of rapeseed in China. Hubei Agric Sci, 2013, 52: 2153–2156 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[6]Asare E, Scarisbrick D H. Rate of nitrogen and sulphur fertilizers on yield, yield components and seed quality of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). Field Crops Res, 1995, 44: 41–46



[7]冷锁虎, 单玉华, 周宝梅. 氮素营养对油菜成熟期生物产量的调控. 中国油料作物学报, 2000, 22(2): 53–56



Leng S H, Shan Y H, Zhou B M. Regulation of N nutrition to biomass of oilseed in ripening stage. Chin J Oil Crop Sci, 2000, 22(2): 53–56 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[8]Rathke G W, Christen O, Diepenbrock W. Effects of nitrogen source and rate on productivity and quality of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) grown in different crop rotations. Field Crops Res, 2005, 94: 103–113



[9]王翠翠, 陈爱武, 王积军, 张冬晓, 汤松, 周广生, 胡立勇, 吴江生, 傅廷栋. 湖北双季稻区免耕直播油菜生长及产量形成. 作物学报, 2011, 37: 694–702



Wang C C, Chen A W, Wang J J, Zhang D X, Tang S, Zhou G S, Hu L Y, Wu J S, Fu T D. Growth and yield formation of no-tillage direct-seeding rapeseed in Hubei double cropping rice area. Acta Agron Sin, 37: 694–702 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[10]韩自行, 张长生, 王积军, 张冬晓, 汤松, 陈爱武, 周广生, 胡立勇, 吴江生, 傅廷栋. 氮肥运筹对稻茬免耕油菜农艺性状及产量的影响. 作物学报, 2011, 37: 2261–2268



Han Z H, Zhang C S, Wang J J, Zhang D X, Tang S, Chen A W, Zhou G S, Hu L Y, Wu J S, Fu T D. Effects of nitrogen application on agronomic traits and yield of rapeseed in no-tillage rice stubble field. Acta Agron Sin, 2011, 37: 2261–2268 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[11]左青松, 杨海燕, 冷锁虎, 曹石, 曾讲学, 吴江生, 周广生. 施氮量对油菜氮素积累和运转及氮素利用率的影响. 作物学报, 2014, 40: 511–518



Zuo Q S, Yang H Y, Leng S H, Cao S, Zeng J X, Wu J S, Zhou G S. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer on nitrogen accumulation, translocation and nitrogen use efficiency in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Acta Agron Sin, 2014, 40: 511–518 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[12]冷锁虎, 朱耕如, 李仁杰, 董俊英, 朱芝珍. 油菜结角层模式栽培理论与技术的研究: I.春油菜种植密度对结角层结构的影响. 中国油料, 1991, (4) : 22–25



Leng S H, Zhu G R, Li R J, Dong J Y, Zhu Z Z. A study on cultivated the theory technique of pod canopy model of rape: I. The effect of density on pod canopy structure of spring rape. Chin J Oil Crop Sci, 1991, (4): 22–25 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[13]杨光, 冷锁虎, 左青松, 唐瑶, 冯绪猛. 不同氮水平下冬油菜各枝序结角高度与生产力关系的研究. 中国油料作物学报, 2003, 25(2): 29–31



Yang G, Leng S H, Zuo Q S, Tang Y, Feng X M. Relationship between starting and terminating pod height and productivity of branches in rapeseed. Chin J Oil Crop Sci, 2003, 25(2): 29–31 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[14]朱耕如, 邓秀兰. 油菜结角层的结构. 江苏农业学报, 1987, (3): 17–22



Zhu G R, Deng X L. Structure of podding layers in rape (Brassica napus L.). Jiangsu J Agric Sci, 1987, (3): 17–22 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[15]石剑飞, 殷璀艳, 冷锁虎, 左青松. 采用数码图像处理法测定油菜叶面积的方法探讨. 中国油料作物学报, 2010, 32: 379–382



Shi J F, Yin C Y, Leng S H, Zuo Q S. Digital image method for rapeseed leaf area measure. Chin J Oil Crop Sci, 2010, 32: 379–382 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[16]Clark J M. The effect of leaf removal on yield components of Brassica napus. Can J Plant Sci, 1978, 58: 1103–1105



[17]胡虹文. 甘蓝型油菜12种主要性状与产量的关系. 中国油料, 1997, 19(3): 10–14



Hu H W. Relationship between 12 main traits and yield of Brassica napus L. Chin J Oil Crop Sci, 1997, 19(3): 10–14 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[18]Marjanovic-Jeromela A, Marinkovic R, Mijic A, Zdunic Z, Ivanovska S, Jankulovska M. Correlation and path analysis of quantitative traits in winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Agric Conspec Sci, 2008, 73: 13–18



[19]赵合句, 李光明, 李英德, 李培武. 油菜秋发高产技术. 中国油料, 1989, (3): 58–60



Zhao H J, Li G M, Li Y D, Li P W. Autumn vigorousand high yield technology in rape. Chin J Oil Crop Sci, 1989, (3): 58–60 (in Chinese)



[20]赵合句, 张春雷, 李光明, 黄永菊. 油菜高产规律研究与应用. 湖北农业科学, 2002, (6): 45–48



Zhao H J, Zhang C L, Li G M, Huang Y J. On the high yield law of oilseed rape and its use. Hubei Agric Sci, 2002, (6): 45–48 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[21]冷锁虎, 左青松, 戴义敬, 喻义珠. 油菜高产群体质量指标研究. 中国油料作物学报, 2004, 26(4): 38–44



Leng S H, Zuo Q S, Dai J, Yu Y Z. Studies on indices of high yield population quality of rapeseed. Chin J Oil Crop Sci, 2004, 26(4): 38–44 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[22]傅寿仲, 戚存扣, 浦惠明, 张洁夫. 中国油菜栽培科学技术的发展. 中国油料作物学报, 2006, 28(1): 86–91



Fu S Z, Qi C K, Pu H M, Zhang J F. The development of science and technology in rape cultivation in China. Chin J Oil Crop Sci, 2006, 28(1): 86–91 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[23]喻义珠, 张梅生, 杨正山, 问才干, 蔡瑞生. 杂交油菜超高产栽培技术研究 中国油料, 1997, 19(4): 28–32



Yu Y Z, Zhang M S, Yang Z S, Wen C G, Cai R S. Cultural practices of hybrid rape for extro-high yield. Chin J Oil Crop Sci, 1997, 19(4): 28–32 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[24]凌启鸿. 作物群体质量. 上海: 上海科学技术出版社, 2000. pp 387–457



Ling Q H. The Quality of Crop Population. Shanghai: Shanghai Scientific and Technical Publishers, 2000. pp 387–457 (in Chinese)



[25]Dreccer M F, Schapendonk A H C M, Slafer G A, Rabbinge R. Comparative response of wheat and oilseed rape to nitrogen supply: absorption and utilization efficiency of radiation and nitrogenduring the reproductive stages determining yield. Plant Soil, 2000, 220: 189–205



[26]Rathke G W, Behrens T, Diepenbrock W. Integrated nitrogen management strategies to improve seed yield, oil content and nitrogenefficiency of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.): a review. Agric Ecosyst Environ, 2006, 117: 80–108



[27]左青松, 葛云龙, 刘荣, 殷璀艳, 唐瑶, 杨光, 冷锁虎. 油菜不同氮素籽粒生产效率品种氮素积累与分配特征. 作物学报, 2011, 37: 1852–1859



Zuo Q S, Ge Y L, Liu R, Yin C Y, Tang Y, Yang G, Leng S H. Nitrogen accumulation and distribution in rapeseed with different nitrogen utilization efficiencies for grain production. Acta Agron Sin, 2011, 37: 1852–1859



[28]左青松, 黄海东, 曹石, 杨士芬, 廖庆喜, 冷锁虎, 吴江生, 周广生. 不同收获时期对油菜机械收获损失率及籽粒品质的影响. 作物学报, 2014, 40: 650–656



Zuo Q S, Huang H D, Cao S, Yang S F, Liao Q X, Leng S H, Wu J S, Zhou G S. Effects of harvesting date on yield loss percentage of mechanical harvesting and seed quality in rapeseed. Acta Agron Sin, 2014, 40: 650–656 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[29]乔春贵. 作物抗倒伏性的综合指标——倒伏指数. 吉林农业大学学报, 1988, 10(1): 7–10



Qiao C G. Lodging index---A synthetic indication of lodging-resistance. J Jilin Agric Univ, 1988, 10(1): 7–10 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[30]刘唐兴, 官春云. 不同密度的油菜根系特征和产量与倒伏之间的相关性初探. 西南农业学报, 2008, 21(1): 23–25



Liu T X, Guan C Y. Preliminary studies on relationship between root morphological traits, yield per plant and lodging in Brassica napus L. Southwest Chin J Agric Sci, 2008, 21(1): 23–25 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[1] 米文博, 方园, 刘自刚, 徐春梅, 刘高阳, 邹娅, 徐明霞, 郑国强, 曹小东, 方新玲. 白菜型冬油菜温敏不育系PK3-12S育性转换的差异蛋白质组学分析[J]. 作物学报, 2020, 46(10): 1507-1516.
[2] 李静,闫金垚,胡文诗,李小坤,丛日环,任涛,鲁剑巍. 氮钾配施对油菜产量及氮素利用的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2019, 45(6): 941-948.
[3] 陈四龙,程增书,宋亚辉,王瑾,刘义杰,张朋娟,李玉荣. 高产高油花生品种的光合与物质生产特征[J]. 作物学报, 2019, 45(2): 276-288.
[4] 米超,赵艳宁,刘自刚,陈其鲜,孙万仓,方彦,李学才,武军艳. 白菜型冬油菜RuBisCo蛋白亚基基因rbcLrbcS的克隆及其在干旱胁迫下的表达[J]. 作物学报, 2018, 44(12): 1882-1890.
[5] 方彦,孙万仓,武军艳,刘自刚,董云,米超,马骊,陈奇,何辉立. 北方白菜型冬油菜的膜脂脂肪酸组分和ATPase活性对温度的响应[J]. 作物学报, 2018, 44(01): 95-104.
[6] 马骊,袁金海,孙万仓,刘自刚,曾秀存,武军艳,方彦,李学才,陈奇,许耀照,蒲媛媛,刘海卿,杨刚,刘林波. 白菜型冬油菜类甜蛋白的筛选、克隆及其在低温胁迫下的表达[J]. 作物学报, 2017, 43(04): 620-628.
[7] 许耀照,曾秀存,张芬琴,孙佳,孙万仓,武军艳,方彦,刘自刚,孙柏林. 白菜型冬油菜叶片结构和光合特性对冬前低温的响应[J]. 作物学报, 2017, 43(03): 432-441.
[8] 孙万仓,刘海卿,刘自刚,武军艳,李学才,方彦,曾秀存,许耀照,张亚宏,董云. 北方寒旱区白菜型冬油菜安全越冬的临界指标分析[J]. 作物学报, 2016, 42(04): 609-618.
[9] 刘自刚,张长生,孙万仓,杨宁宁,王月,何丽,赵彩霞,武军艳,方彦,曾秀存. 不同生态区冬前低温下白菜型冬油菜不同抗寒品种(系)的比较[J]. 作物学报, 2014, 40(02): 346-354.
[10] 王寅,鲁剑巍,李小坤,任涛,丛日环,占丽平. 长江流域直播冬油菜氮磷钾硼肥施用效果[J]. 作物学报, 2013, 39(08): 1491-1500.
[11] 苏家秀, 谭学林, 徐津, 李伟华, 海梅荣, 王婷. 同核异质滇I型粳稻不育系及其保持系的光合特性[J]. 作物学报, 2011, 37(11): 2075-2084.
[12] 丁在松, 王春艳, 关东明, 赵凤悟, 赵明. 旱稻×稗草杂交后代YF2-1光合作用气体交换、叶绿素荧光和抗氧化酶系统对渗透胁迫的响应[J]. 作物学报, 2011, 37(05): 876-881.
[13] 孙万仓, 武军艳, 方彦, 刘秦, 杨仁义, 马维国, 李学才. 北方旱寒区北移冬油菜生长发育特性[J]. 作物学报, 2010, 36(12): 2124-2134.
[14] 王学芳;孙万仓;李孝泽;武军艳;马维国;康艳丽;曾潮武;蒲媛媛;叶剑;刘红霞;曾军;张亚红. 河西走廊种植冬油菜的环境效应[J]. 作物学报, 2008, 34(12): 2210-2217.
[15] 蒲金涌;姚小英;邓振镛;姚玉璧;王位泰;张谋草. 气候变暖对甘肃冬油菜(Brassica compestris L.)种植的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2006, 32(09): 1397-1401.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited

  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!