作物学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (08): 1257-1268.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2015.01257
田青兰1,李培程1,刘利1,2,张强1,任万军1,*
TIAN Qing-Lan1,LI Pei-Cheng1,LIU Li1,2,ZHANG Qiang1,REN Wan-Jun1,*
摘要:
郫县、汉源、射洪、邻水是四川具代表性的4个生态区,郫县位于成都平原区,土壤肥沃但受弱光限制;汉源位于攀西高海拔地区,温光充足;射洪位于川中丘陵区,受地形制约而气温日差较小;邻水则位于川东丘陵区,水资源缺乏且受干旱等灾害制约。本文以位于这4个典型生态区实施的水稻高产示范片为研究对象,分别对4个生态区及各生态区不同栽培方式、不同高产水平的杂交籼稻稻米碾米品质、外观品质、蛋白质含量、直链淀粉含量及淀粉RVA谱特征值进行比较研究。结果表明,(1)生态条件与稻米品质有密切关系,受气温和土壤肥力影响较大,郫县的稻米品质最优,邻水相对较劣;齐穗前后气温略高及较高的土壤全氮、全钾、速效磷含量有利于高碾米品质的形成;土壤全磷含量的降低可显著增加米粒长宽比;灌浆成熟期的高温会增加稻米的垩白粒率和垩白度,而土壤速效磷含量高则有利于降低垩白粒率和垩白度;灌浆结实期的高温也会降低稻米蛋白质含量;直链淀粉含量随土壤有机质含量的升高而升高;峰值黏度与土壤全钾含量显著负相关,崩解值与土壤全钾、速效磷显著负相关,还与齐穗前8~21 d的日最高气温显著正相关,回复值、峰值时间与齐穗前14~21 d日最高气温、抽穗至成熟期日最高气温呈显著或极显著负相关,与土壤碱解氮呈显著正相关。(2)各栽培方式间,机直播的碾米品质较优,优化定抛的直链淀粉含量较高,而机插的峰值黏度、崩解值较高,消减值较低,蒸煮食味品质较好。(3)高产及超高产田块的碾米品质整体较优,而外观品质和蒸煮食味品质相对较差。本研究可为四川杂交中籼稻高产优质栽培技术提供理论参考。
[1]贺浩华, 彭小松, 刘宜柏. 环境条件对稻米品质的影响. 江西农业学报, 1997, 9(4): 66–72He S H, Pen X S, Liu Y B. Effect of environmental conditions on rice quality. Acta Agric Jiangxi, 1997, 9(4): 66–72 (in Chinese with English abstract)[2]蔡洪法. 农业部种植业管理司. 中国稻米品质区划及优质栽培. 北京:中国农业出版社, 2002. pp 63–74, 206–207Cai H F. Management Division of the Ministry of Agriculture Planting Industry. Chinese Quality Regionalization of Rice and High Quality Cultivation. Beijing: Chinese Agriculture Press, 2002. pp 63–74, 206–207 (in Chinese)[3]金正勋, 杨静, 钱春荣, 李海英, 金学泳, 秋太权. 灌浆成熟期温度对水稻籽粒淀粉合成关键酶活性及品质的影响. 中国水稻科学, 2005, 19: 377–380Jin Z X, Yang J, Qian C R, Liu H Y, Jin X Y, Qiu T Q. Effects of temperature during grain filling period on activities of key enzymes for starch synthesis and grain quality. Chin J Rice Sci, 2005, 19: 377–380 (in Chinese with English abstract)[4]盛靖, 陶红娟, 陈留根. 灌浆结实期不同时段温度对水稻结实与稻米品质的影响. 中国水稻科学, 2007, 21: 396–402Sheng J, Tao H J, Chen L G. Response of seed and grain quality of rice to temperature at different time during grain filling period. Chin J Rice Sci, 2007, 21: 396–402 (in Chinese with English abstract)[5]Dong M H, Chen P F, Qiao Z Y, Wu X Z, Zhao B H, Jiang Y Y, Yang J C. Quality response of grains in different spikelet positions to temperature stress during grain filling of rice. Acta Agron Sin, 2011, 37(3): 506–513[6]张国发, 王绍华, 尤娟, 王强盛, 丁艳锋, 吉志军. 结实期不同时段高温对稻米品质的影响. 作物学报, 2006, 32: 283–287Zhang G F, Wang S H, You J, Wang Q S, Ding Y F, Ji Z J. Effect of temperature in different filling stages on rice qualities. Acta Agron Sin, 2006, 32: 283–287 (in Chinese with English abstract)[7]陶龙兴, 王熹, 廖西元, 沈波, 谈惠娟, 黄世文. 灌浆期气温与源库强度对稻米品质的影响及其生理分析. 应用生态学报, 2006, 17: 647–652Tao L X, Wang X, Liao X Y, Shen B, Tan H J, Huang S W. Physiological effects of air temperature and sink-source volume at milk-filling stage of rice on its grain quality. Chin J Appl Ecol, 2006, 17: 647–652 (in Chinese with English abstract)[8]邓飞, 王丽, 叶德成, 任万军, 杨文钰. 生态条件及栽培方式对稻米RVA谱特性及蛋白质含量的影响. 作物学报, 2012, 38: 717–724Deng F, Wang L, Ye D C, Ren W J, Yang W Y. Effects of ecological conditions and cultivation methods on rice starch RVA profile characteristics and protein content. Acta Agron Sin, 2012, 38: 717–724 (in Chinese with English abstract)[9]Wang L, Deng F, Ren W J, Yang W Y. Effects of shading on starch pasting characteristics of indica hybrid rice(Oryza sativa L.). PLoS One, 2013, 8(7): e68220[10]陈莹莹, 胡星星, 陈京都, 杨雄, 马群, 陈乔, 葛梦婕, 戴其根. 氮肥水平对江苏早熟晚粳稻食味品质的影响及其品种间差异. 作物学报, 2012, 38: 2086–2092Chen Y Y, Hu X X, Chen J D, Yang X, Ma Q, Chen Q, Ge M J, Dai Q G. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer application on quality of early-maturing late japonica rice in Jiangsu and its difference among varieties. Acta Agron Sin, 2012, 38: 2086–2092 (in Chinese with English abstract)[11]叶全宝, 张洪程, 李华, 霍中洋, 魏海燕, 夏科, 戴其根, 许轲. 施氮水平和栽插密度对粳稻淀粉RVA谱特性的影响. 作物学报, 2005, 31: 124–130Ye Q B, Zhang H C, Li H, Huo Z Y, Wei H Y, Xie K, Dai Q G, Xu K. Effects of amount of nitrogen applied and planting density on RVA profiles characteristic of japonica rice. Acta Agron Sin, 2005, 31: 124–130 (in Chinese with English abstract)[12]金正勋, 秋太权, 孙艳丽, 赵久明, 金学泳. 氮肥对稻米垩白及蒸煮食味品质特性的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2001, 7: 31–35Jin Z X, Qiu T Q, Sun Y L, Zhao J M, Jin X Y. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer on chalkness ratio and cooking and eating quality properties of rice grain. Plant Nutr Fert Sci, 2001, 7: 31–35 (in Chinese with English abstract)[13]潘圣刚, 翟晶, 曹凑贵, 蔡明历, 王若涵, 黄胜奇, 李进山. 氮肥运筹对水稻养分吸收特性及稻米品质的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2010, 16: 522–527Pan S G, Zhai J, Cao C G, Cai M L, Wang R H, Huang S Q, Li J S. Effects of nitrogen management practices on nutrition uptake and grain qualities of rice. Plant Nutr Fert Sci, 2010, 16: 522–527 (in Chinese with English abstract)[14]Ning H F, Liu Z H, Wang Q S, Lin Z M, Chen S J, Li G H, Wang S H, Ding Y F. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer application on grain phytic acid and protein concentrations in japonica rice and its variations with genotypes. J Cereal Sci, 2009, 50: 49–55[15]霍中洋, 李杰, 许轲, 戴其根, 魏海燕, 龚金龙, 张洪程. 高产栽培条件下种植方式对不同生育类型粳稻米质的影响. 中国农业科学, 2012, 45: 3932–3945Huo Z Y, Li J, Xu K, Dai Q G, Wei H Y, Gong J L, Zhang H C. Effect of planting methods on quality of different growth and development types of japonica rice under high-yielding cultivation condition. Sci Agric Sin, 2012, 45: 3932–3945 (in Chinese with English abstract)[16]王忠, 顾蕴洁, 陈刚, 熊飞, 李运祥. 稻米的品质和影响因素. 分子植物育种, 2003, 1: 231–241Wang Z, Gu Y J, Chen G, Xiong F, Li Y X. Rice quality and its affecting factors. Mol Plant Breed, 2003, 1: 231–241 (in Chinese with English abstract)[17]杨祥田, 曾孝元, 林采舜, 王旭辉, 何贤彪. 双季连作稻机插产量900 kg/667 m2以上栽培技术. 中国稻米, 2013, 19(4): 111–113Yang X T, Zeng X Y, Lin C S, Wang X H, He X B. Cultivation technology of yield more than 900 kg/667 m2 of the double cropping rice mechanized transplanting. China Rice, 2013, 19(4): 111–113 (in Chinese with English abstract)[18]苏柏元, 朱德峰. 超级稻甬优12机插单产1000 kg/667 m2的产量结构与配套栽培技术. 中国稻米, 2013, 19(4): 97–100Su B Y, Zhu D F. Yield structure and cultivation technology of yield more than 1000 kg/667 m2 of the super hybrid rice Yongyou 12 of mechanized transplanting. China Rice, 2013, 19(4): 97–100 (in Chinese with English abstract)[19]熊绍军, 李尚书, 李绍前. 杂交中稻尚优518示范表现及高产栽培技术. 杂交水稻, 2012, 27(4): 48–49Xiong S J, Li S S, Li S Q. Demonstrative performance and high-yielding cultural techniques of medium hybrid rice Shangyou 518. Hybrid Rice, 2012, 27(4): 48–49 (in Chinese with English abstract)[20]杨培忠, 刘丕庆, 黄理寿, 农志昭, 王显勇, 范辉林, 廖汝昌. 特优679在广西陆川县示范高产栽培技术. 杂交水稻, 2012, 27(4): 55–56Yang P Z, Liu P Q, Huang L S, Nong Z Z, Wang X Y, Fan H L, Liao R C. High-yield cultural techniques of Teyou 679 in the demonstration at Luchuan county, Guangxi. Hybrid Rice, 2012, 27(4): 55–56 (in Chinese with English abstract)[21]于林惠, 李刚华, 徐晶晶, 凌启鸿, 丁艳锋. 基于高产示范方的机插水稻群体特征研究. 中国水稻科学, 2012, 26: 451–456Yu L H, Li G H, Xu J J, Ling Q H, Ding Y F. Population characteristics of machine-transplanted japonica rice based on high-yield demonstration fields. Chin J Rice Sci, 2012, 26: 451–456 (in Chinese with English abstract)[22]任万军, 胡晓玲, 杨万全, 邓玲, 刘代银, 曾必荣, 杨文钰. 水稻优化定抛的增产机理与关键技术. 中国稻米, 2008, (3): 54–56Ren W J, Hu X L, Yang W Q, Deng L, Liu D Y, Zeng B R, Yang W Y. Increasing production of mechanism and key techniques of opstimal cast transplanting of rice. China Rice, 2008, (3): 54–56 (in Chinese with English abstract)[23]凌启鸿, 张洪程, 丁艳锋, 张益彬. 水稻高产技术的新发展——精确定量栽培. 中国稻米, 2005, (1): 3–7Ling Q H, Zhang H C, Ding Y F, Zhang Y B. The new development of rice high yield technology—the precise and quantitative cultivation. China Rice, 2005, (1): 3–7 (in Chinese with English abstract)[24]焦桂爱, 胡培松, 唐绍清, 罗炬, 邵高能. 稻米直链淀粉含量的简易测定方法. 中国稻米, 2009, (3): 23–24Jiao G A, Hu P S, Tang S Q, Luo J, Shao G N. A simple method for the determination of amylose content of rice. China Rice, 2009, (3): 23–24 (in Chinese with English abstract)[25]王志东, 赖穗春, 李宏, 黄道强, 卢德城, 周德贵, 王重荣, 周少川. 稻米食味品质评价方法的研究进展与展望. 广东农业科学, 2011, (13): 18–20Wang Z D, Lai D C, Li H, Huang D Q, Lu D C, Zhou D G, Wang C R, Zhou S C. Research progress and prospect of eating quality evaluation method. Guangdong Agric Sci, 2011, (13): 18–20 (in Chinese with English abstract)[26]舒庆尧, 吴殿星, 夏英武, 高明尉. 稻米淀粉RVA谱特征与食用品质的关系. 中国农业科学, 1998, 31(3): 1–4Shu Q R, Wu D X, Xia Y W, Gao M W. Relationship between RVA profile character and eating quality in Oryza sativa L. Sci Agric Sin, 1998, 31(3): 1–4 (in Chinese with English abstract)[27]张小明, 石春海, 富田桂. 粳稻米淀粉特性与食味间的相关性分析. 中国水稻科学, 2002, 16: 157–161Zhang X M, Shi C H, Katsura T. Correlation analysis between starch characteristics and taste quality in japonica rice. Chin J Rice Sci, 2002, 16: 157–161 (in Chinese with English abstract) [28]吴殿星, 舒庆尧, 夏英武. RVA分析辅助选择食用优质早籼稻的研究. 作物学报, 2001, 27: 165–172Wu D X, Shu Q Y, Xia Y W, Assisted-selection for early indica rice with good eating quality by RVA profile. Acta Agron Sin, 2001, 27: 165–172 (in Chinese with English abstract)[29]吴殿星, 舒庆尧, 夏英武. 利用RVA谱快速鉴别不同表观直链淀粉含量早籼稻的淀粉粘滞特性. 中国水稻科学, 2001, 15: 57–59Wu D X, Shu Q Y, Xia Y W. Rapid identification of starch viscosity property of early indica rice varieties with different apparent amylose content by RVA profile. Chin J Rice Sci, 2001, 15: 57–59 (in Chinese with English abstract)[30]GB/T 17891-1999. 优质稻谷. 国家标准: CN-GB, 1999GB/T 17891-1999. High quality paddy. National Standard of China: CN-GB, 1999 (in Chinese)[31]范燕萍, 周美兰, 唐启源. 稻米胚乳淀粉细胞结构与米质关系的研究II不同生态条件对稻米胚乳淀粉细胞的影响. 作物研究, 1989, 3(2): 19–23Fan Y M, Zhou M L, Tang Q Y. Study on the relationship of structure of grain quality and endosperm cells of rice starch: II. Effect of different ecological conditions on rice endosperm starch cells. Crop Res, 1989, 3(2): 19–23 (in Chinese with English abstract)[32]孟亚利, 周治国. 结实期温度与稻米品质的关系. 中国水稻科学, 1997, 11: 51–54Meng Y L, Zhou Z G. Relationship between rice grin quality and temperature during seed setting period. Chin J Rice Sci, 1997, 11: 51–54 (in Chinese with English abstract)[33]常二华, 张耗, 张慎凤, 王志琴, 杨建昌. 结实期氮磷营养水平对水稻根系分泌物的影响及其与稻米品质的关系. 作物学报, 2007, 33: 1949–1959Chang E H, Zhang H, Zhang S F, Wang Z Q, Yang J C. Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus on the root exudates during grain filling and their relations with grain quality of rice. Acta Agron Sin, 2007, 33: 1949–1959 (in Chinese with English abstract)[34]张运锋, 谭学林. 水稻直链淀粉的影响因素、直链淀粉对加工品质的影响及遗传. 福建稻麦科技, 2004, 22(3): 9–11Zhang Y F, Tan X L. Factors rice amylose content, amylose content on processing quality and amylose content genetics. Fujian Sci Technol Rice & Wheat, 2004, 22(3): 9–11 (in Chinese with English abstract)[35]程方民, 丁元树, 朱碧岩. 稻米直链淀粉含量的形成及其与灌浆结实期温度的关系. 生态学报, 2000, 20: 646–651Cheng F M, Ding Y S, Zhu B Y. The formation of amylose content in rice grain and its relation with field temperature. Acta Ecol Sin, 2000, 20: 646–651 (in Chinese with English abstract)[36]任万军, 杨文钰, 徐精文, 梵高琼, 马周华. 弱光对水稻籽粒生长及品质的影响. 作物学报, 2003, 29: 785–790Ren W J, Yang W Y, Xu J W, Fan G Q, Ma Z H. Effect of light on grain growth and quality in rice. Acta Agron Sin, 2003, 29: 785–790 (in Chinese with English abstract)[37]冯卫东, 杨生龙, 张俊杰, 张仲军, 闫宏. 日本水稻品质研究的理论与实践综述——关于米的食味. 宁夏农林科技, 2005, (4): 54–56Feng W D, Yan S L, Zhang J J, Zhang Z J, Yan h. Overview on the theory and practice of Japanese rice quality research–about the eating quality of rice. Ninxia J Agric For Sci & Technol, 2005, (4): 54–56 (in Chinese with English abstract)[38]王学红, 杨波, 杜永, 刘群松, 朱道荣. 水稻超高产栽培的品质效应研究. 山东农业科学, 2011, (2): 42–44Wang X H, Yang B, Du Y, Liu Q S, Zhu D R. Study on the quality effect of super high yield cultivation of rice. Shandong Agric Sci, 2011, (2): 42–44 (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[1] | 张倩, 韩本高, 张博, 盛开, 李岚涛, 王宜伦. 控失尿素减施及不同配比对夏玉米产量及氮肥效率的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(1): 180-192. |
[2] | 付正豪, 马中涛, 魏海燕, 邢志鹏, 刘国栋, 胡群, 张洪程. 不同机械化栽培方式下控释肥配比对迟熟中粳水稻产量形成及氮素吸收利用的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(1): 165-179. |
[3] | 刘秋员, 周磊, 田晋钰, 程爽, 陶钰, 邢志鹏, 刘国栋, 魏海燕, 张洪程. 长江中下游地区常规中熟粳稻产量、品质及氮素吸收性状的相互关系分析[J]. 作物学报, 2021, 47(5): 904-914. |
[4] | 闫彩霞, 王娟, 赵小波, 宋秀霞, 姜常松, 孙全喜, 苑翠玲, 张浩, 单世华. 全生育期鉴定筛选耐盐碱花生品种[J]. 作物学报, 2021, 47(3): 556-565. |
[5] | 吕腾飞, 谌洁, 代邹, 马鹏, 杨志远, 郑传刚, 马均. 缓释氮肥与尿素配施对机插杂交籼稻碳氮积累的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2021, 47(10): 1966-1977. |
[6] | 李敏, 罗德强, 江学海, 蒋明金, 姬广梅, 李立江, 周维佳. 控水增密模式对杂交籼稻减氮后产量形成的调控效应[J]. 作物学报, 2020, 46(9): 1430-1447. |
[7] | 韩展誉,管弦悦,赵倩,吴春艳,黄福灯,潘刚,程方民. 灌浆温度和氮肥及其互作效应对稻米贮藏蛋白组分的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2020, 46(7): 1087-1098. |
[8] | 周磊,刘秋员,田晋钰,朱梦华,程爽,车阳,王志杰,邢志鹏,胡雅杰,刘国栋,魏海燕,张洪程. 甬优系列籼粳杂交稻产量及氮素吸收利用的差异[J]. 作物学报, 2020, 46(5): 772-786. |
[9] | 苏达,吴良泉,Søren K. Rasmussen,周庐建,潘刚,程方民. 磷营养对水稻籽粒锌生物有效性的影响及其与植酸等磷酸肌醇谱含量的关系[J]. 作物学报, 2020, 46(02): 228-237. |
[10] | 唐健,唐闯,郭保卫,张诚信,张振振,王科,张洪程,陈恒,孙明珠. 氮肥施用量对机插优质晚稻产量和稻米品质的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2020, 46(01): 117-130. |
[11] | 朱盈,徐栋,胡蕾,花辰,陈志峰,张振振,周年兵,刘国栋,张洪程,魏海燕. 江淮优良食味高产中熟常规粳稻品种的特征[J]. 作物学报, 2019, 45(4): 578-588. |
[12] | 周宝元,马玮,孙雪芳,丁在松,李从锋,赵明. 冬小麦-夏玉米高产模式周年气候资源分配与利用特征研究[J]. 作物学报, 2019, 45(4): 589-600. |
[13] | 张经廷,吕丽华,董志强,张丽华,姚艳荣,申海平,姚海坡,贾秀领. 华北冬小麦开花期补灌的增产效应及其影响因素[J]. 作物学报, 2019, 45(11): 1746-1755. |
[14] | 韩超,许方甫,卞金龙,徐栋,裘实,赵晨,朱盈,刘国栋,张洪程,魏海燕. 淮北地区机械化种植方式对不同生育类型优质食味粳稻产量及品质的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2018, 44(11): 1681-1693. |
[15] | 陈梦云,李晓峰,程金秋,任红茹,梁健,张洪程,霍中洋. 秸秆全量还田与氮肥运筹对机插优质食味水稻产量及品质的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2017, 43(12): 1802-1816. |
|