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作物学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (03): 313-319.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2016.00313

• 综述 •    下一篇

转型时期杂交水稻的困境与出路

彭少兵   

  1. 华中农业大学植物科学技术学院, 湖北武汉430070
  • 收稿日期:2015-11-07 修回日期:2015-12-22 出版日期:2016-03-12 网络出版日期:2015-12-25
  • 基金资助:

    本研究由国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203096)和教育部长江学者和创新团队发展计划(IRT1247)资助。

Dilemma and Way-out of Hybrid Rice during the Transition Period in China

PENG Shao-Bing   

  1. College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
  • Received:2015-11-07 Revised:2015-12-22 Published:2016-03-12 Published online:2015-12-25
  • Supported by:

    This study was supported by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(201203096) and the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University of Ministry of Education of China(IRT1247).

摘要:

杂交水稻技术是我国自主创新并领先于世界的重大技术, 杂交水稻技术在水稻生产中的成功应用为保障我国粮食安全做出了巨大贡献。由于杂交稻品种选育策略和种子生产与经营方式没有适应目前水稻生产的转型变化, 最近几年我国杂交稻的种植面积有下降的趋势。这并不是杂交稻技术本身的问题, 国内外的生产实践证明杂交稻仍然代表先进的水稻生产技术。如果我们尽快地调整杂交稻的育种目标, 培育出适合于轻简化和机械化水稻生产方式、综合抗性好、资源利用效率高、稻米品质优良的杂交稻组合, 通过轻简化和机械化栽培技术降低杂交稻的种子生产成本和种子价格, 我国的杂交稻有望迅速走出目前的困境。

关键词: 杂交水稻, 轻简栽培, 机械化, 种子价格, 稻米品质

Abstract:

Hybrid rice technology is one of a few world-class technologies that were developed by Chinese scientists. Its wide adoption has made tremendous contribution to food security in China. However, the planting area to hybrid rice has started declining in recent years in China. This is because rice farmers now prefer inbred varieties with low-input requirements and cheap seed price to cut down the production cost. Hybrid rice technology is still effective in enhancing grain yield and farmers’ incoming if it is used properly. To reverse the declining trend of hybrid rice planting area in China, breeders need to adjust their breeding targets and develop new hybrid rice varieties with the following characteristics: (1) suitable for low-input and mechanized cultivation, (2) resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, (3) high resource use efficiency, and (4) good grain quality. In addition, the cost of hybrid seed production must be reduced with low-input and mechanized cultivation technology in order to produce hybrid rice seeds which are affordable to rice farmers.

Key words: Hybrid rice, Low-input cultivation, Mechanization, Seed price, Grain quality

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