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作物学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (07): 1058-1066.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2016.01058

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于大型称重式蒸渗仪研究北疆滴灌麦田蒸散量

李杰1,吴杨焕2,陈锐1,杨平1,柴顺喜1,崔静1,马富裕1,*   

  1. 1石河子大学农学院 / 新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室, 新疆石河子 832003; 2新疆生产建设兵团农六师农科所, 新疆五家渠831300
  • 收稿日期:2015-11-04 修回日期:2016-03-14 出版日期:2016-07-12 网络出版日期:2016-03-28
  • 通讯作者: 马富裕, E-mail: mfy_agr@shzu.edu.cn, Tel: 0993-6650999
  • 基金资助:

    本研究由国家自然科学基金项目(31160260)和国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)项目(2011AA100508)资助。

Measurement of Evapotranspiration for Drip-IrrigatedWinter WheatUsing Large Weighing Lysimeter in Northern Xinjiang

LI Jie1,WU Yang-Huan2,CHEN Rui1,YANG Ping1,CHAI Shun-Xi1,CUI Jin1,MA Fu-Yu1*   

  1. 1 Agricultural College, Shihezi University / Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology Agricultural of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi 832000, China; 2 Sixth Division Agricultural Science of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Wujiaqu 831300, Xinjiang, China
  • Received:2015-11-04 Revised:2016-03-14 Published:2016-07-12 Published online:2016-03-28
  • Contact: 马富裕, E-mail: mfy_agr@shzu.edu.cn, Tel: 0993-6650999
  • Supported by:

    This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31160260) and National High-tech Research and Development Program (863 Program) of China (2011AA100508).

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摘要：

基于大型称重式蒸渗仪研究了北疆地区滴灌冬小麦不同时段(生育阶段、日、时)的农田水分蒸散特征，分析了气温、相对湿度、风速等因子对农田水分蒸散的影响及产量和蒸散的关系，旨在为北疆地区滴灌冬小麦的灌溉制度制定提供理论依据。3个灌水处理分别为全生育期灌溉375、600和750 mm。结果表明，在滴灌冬小麦全生育期内日蒸散量为抽穗–乳熟>拔节–抽穗>乳熟–成熟>返青–拔节>播种–越冬>越冬–返青；在一天中，滴灌冬小麦农田水分蒸散主要发生在8:00–20:00，夜间20:00–8:00蒸散量较小且比较稳定，时蒸散量随天气变化而改变。滴灌条件下，冬小麦的棵间蒸发量占农田水分蒸散的25.2%~28.3%。棵间蒸发与土壤含水率和叶面积指数具有良好的二元二次模拟关系，拟合系数为0.98。综合产量和水分利用效率，滴灌冬小麦的蒸散量为600~650 mm。本研究对合理制定滴灌冬小麦的灌溉制度具有重要的参考价值。

关键词: 滴灌, 冬小麦, 农田水分蒸散, 棵间蒸发

Abstract:

Drip-irrigation is a promising water-saving technique in arid agricultural area. To sep up efficient drip-irrigation systems forwinter wheat grown in northern Xinjiang table land, we measured the evapotranspiration (ET) rate ofwheat field using large-scale weighing lysimeter and analyzed the temporal responses of ET (in growing phase, daily and hourly) to air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed. Three treatments were designed with irrigation amounts of 375 (D1), 600 (D2), and 750 mm (D3). During the whole growing period of wheat, daily ET rate varied in different phases, showing heading–milk > jointing–heading > milk–maturity >regreening–jointing > sowing–overwintering > overwintering–regreening. During a day, hourly ET was in high level from 8:00 to 20:00 and stable from 20:00 to 8:00 of next, which varied with weather condition. Under drip-irrigation condition, the ratio of soil evaporation to ET was 25.2–28.3% during the entire growing season. Soil evaporation could be predicted with soil moisture and leaf area index using a bivariate quadratic function(R2> 0.98). Based on a combination of yield and water use efficiency, we suggest 600–650 mm as the optimum irrigation amount under thedrip-irrigated winter wheat field.

Key words: Drip-irrigated, Winter wheat, Evapotranspiration, Evaporation

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