欢迎访问作物学报，今天是
作物学报

作物学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (12): 1817-1826.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2016.01817

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

贵州省高原山区杂交籼稻不同产量水平群体的特征

罗德强1,2,王绍华1,*,江学海1,2,李刚华1,周维佳2,李敏2,姬光梅2,丁艳锋1,凌启鸿1,刘正辉1   

  1. 1 南京农业大学农学院 / 农业部作物生理生态与生产管理重点实验室, 江苏南京 210095；2 贵州省水稻研究所, 贵州贵阳 550006
  • 收稿日期:2016-02-29 修回日期:2016-07-11 出版日期:2016-12-12 网络出版日期:2016-08-24
  • 通讯作者: 王绍华, E-mail: wangsh@njau.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    本研究由贵州省农业攻关项目[黔科合NY字(2014)3018]，贵州省农业领域科技成果转化重点项目[黔科合成转字(2015)5021]，贵州省农业科学院专项资金项目黔农科院专项[(2014)013]和黔农科院自主创新科研专项[(2014)019]资助。

Characterization of Populations with Different Yield Levels in Indica Hybrid Rice in Plateau Area of Guizhou Province

LUO De-Qiang1,2,WANG Shao-Hua1,*,JIANG Xue-Hai2,LI Gang-Hua1,ZHOU Wei-Jia2,LI Min2,JI Guang-Mei2,DING Yan-Feng1,LING Qi-Hong1,LIU Zheng-Hui1   

  1. 1 College of Agricultural of Nanjing Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Nanjing 210095, China; 2 Rice Research Institute of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550006, China
  • Received:2016-02-29 Revised:2016-07-11 Published:2016-12-12 Published online:2016-08-24
  • Contact: 王绍华, E-mail: wangsh@njau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:

    The study was supported by the Guizhou Province Agricultural Scientific Research Program [NY(2014)3018], the Guizhou Province Agricultural Science and Technology Achievements Transformation Projects [(2015)5021], the Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences Special Funds [(2014) 013], and Independent Innovation Special Funds [(2014)019].

RichHTML

PDF

710

被引次数

2

摘要：

2011—2012年以超级杂交籼稻金优785为试材, 研究贵州高原山区6个试验点的中产(9.0~10.5 t hm-2)、高产(10.5~12.0 t hm-2)、超高产(12.0~14.5 t hm-2)群体特征。结果表明, (1) 不同产量水平群体的有效穗数差异最大, 其次是穗粒数和结实率, 千粒重差异最小, 有效穗数与产量的直接通径系数2011年和2012年分别为0.5822和0.7304, 相关系数分别为0.7771和0.8858；(2) 抽穗期不同产量水平群体干物质积累量差异较小, 成熟期超高产群体干物质积累量两年平均为21.9 h hm-2, 分别比高产和中产群体提高了7.7%和15.9%, 差异达显著水平；(3) 抽穗期粒叶比以超高产群体最高, 与高产和中产群体相比, 超高产群体颖花数/叶面积分别提高9.7%和21.5%, 实粒数/叶面积分别提高10.9%和17.8%, 粒重/叶面积分别提高4.3%和8.4%；(4) 超高产和高产群体穗型较大, 每穗250粒以上的大穗比例较多, 100粒以下的小穗比例较少；(5) 顶四叶叶长顺序在不同产量水平群体间也有较大差异, 中产群体以顶一叶最长、顶四叶最短, 高产和超高产群体以顶二叶或顶三叶最长、顶四叶最短。因此, 要实现贵州高原水稻超高产, 需增加有效穗数、促大穗形成, 确保抽穗期拥有适宜叶面积和较高的抽穗后干物质积累量。

关键词: 杂交籼稻, 不同产量, 群体质量, 干物质, 粒叶比, 穗型

Abstract:

Rice is one of the most important staple food crops in Guizhou province, it is critical to ensure food safety through continually improving grain yield per unit area. In order to study the population quality characteristics of indica hybrid rice with different yield levels in Guizhou plateau mountain area, field experiments were conducted at six planting regions in 2011 and 2012. The populations with super-high-yielding (12.0-14.5 t ha-1), high-yielding (10.5-12.0 t ha-1), and medium-yielding levels (9-10.5 t ha-1) were obtained from super hybrid rice Jinyou785. To study their yield, yield components, and population quality characteristics. Productive panicle number was the most important factor influencing the rice yield across planting regions and years, followed by spikelets per panicle and filled grain percentage. The correlation between yield and grain weight was not significant. Between productive panicle number and yield, the direct path coefficient was 0.5822 in 2011 and 0.7304 in 2012, the correlation coefficient was 0.7771 in 2011 and 0.8858 in 2012. There was little difference in dry matter accumulation at heading among different populations, however, a significant difference in dry matter accumulation at maturity. Compared with high-yielding rice and medium-yielding rice, the averaged dry matter accumulations of super-high-yielding rice were 7.7% and 15.9% higher, respectively. When values were averaged across years, compared with high-yielding rice and medium-yielding rice, the super-high-yielding rice had 9.7% and 21.5% higher ratio of spikelets per leaf area, 10.9% and 17.8% higher ratio of filled grains per leaf area, 4.3% and 8.4% higher grain weight per leaf area, respectively. As for the panicle size, compared with medium-yielding rice, both super-high-yielding and high-yielding rice had more percentage of large panicles with spikelets above 250 and less percentage of panicles with spikelets below 100. As to top four leaves, the medium-yielding rice had the longest 1st leaf and lowest 4th leaf from top, meanwhile, the super-high-yielding and high-yielding rice had the longest 2nd leaf and lowest 4th leaf from top. Therefore, increasing productive panicle number and promoting large panicle formation will be helpful to improve rice yield, in addition, it is also very important to ensure optimum leaf area index at heading and increase the dry matter accumulations after heading stage.

Key words: Indica hybrid rice, Different yield, Population quality, Dry matter, Grain leaf ratio, Panicle type

[1] 凌启鸿. 作物群体质量. 上海: 上海科学技术出版社, 2000. pp 42–216
   Ling Q H. The Quality of Crop Population. Shanghai: Shanghai Scientific and Technical Publishers, 2000. pp 42–216 (in Chinese)
[2] 吴桂成, 张洪程, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 高辉, 魏海燕, 沙安勤, 徐宗进, 钱宗华, 孙菊英. 南方粳型超级稻物质生产积累及超高产特征的研究. 作物学报, 2010, 36: 1921–1930
Wu G C, Zhong H C, Dai Q G, Huo Z Y, Xu K, Gao H, Wei H Y, Sha A Q, Xu Z J, Qian Z H, Sun J Y. Characteristics of dry matter production and accumulation and super-high yield of japonica super rice in South China. Acta Agron Sin, 2010, 36: 1921–1930 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[3] 许轲, 张军, 花劲, 张洪程, 周培建, 程飞虎, 黄大山, 陈忠平, 陈国梁, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 魏海燕, 高辉. 双季杂交晚粳稻超高产形成特征. 作物学报, 2014, 40: 678−690
Xu K, Zhang J, Hua J, Zhang H C, Zhou P J, Cheng F H, Huang D S, Chen Z P, Chen G L, Dai Q G, Huo Z Y, Wei H Y, Gao H. Yield components and population characteristics of super-high-yielding late japonica hybrid rice in double-cropping rice area. Acta Agron Sin, 2014, 40: 678−690 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[4] 韦还和, 姜元华, 赵可, 许俊伟, 张洪程, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 魏海燕, 郑飞. 甬优系列杂交稻品种的超高产群体特征. 作物学报, 2013, 39: 2201−2210
  Wei H H, Jiang Y H, Zhao K, Xu J W, Zhang H C, Dai Q G, Huo Z Y, Xu K, Wei H Y, Zheng F. Characteristics of super-high yield population in Yongyou series of hybrid rice. Acta Agron Sin, 2013, 39: 2201−2210 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[5] 孙永健, 马均, 孙园园, 徐徽, 严奉君, 代邹, 蒋明金, 李玥. 水氮管理模式对杂交籼稻冈优527群体质量和产量的影响. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47: 2047–2061
    Sun Y J, Ma J, Sun Y Y, Xu H, Yan F J, Dai Z, Jiang M J, Li Y. Effects of water and nitrogen management patterns on population quality and yield of hybrid rice Gangyou 527. Sci Agric Sin, 2014, 47: 2047–2061 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[6] 薛亚光, 葛立立, 王康君, 颜晓元, 尹斌, 刘立军, 杨建昌. 不同栽培模式对杂交粳稻群体质量的影响. 作物学报, 2013, 39: 280–291
Xue Y G, Ge L L, Wang K J, Yan X Y, Yin B, Liu L J, Yang J C. Effects of different cultivation patterns on population quality of japonica hybrid rice. Acta Agron Sin, 2013, 39: 280–291 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[7] 胡雅杰, 邢志鹏, 龚金龙, 刘国涛, 张洪程, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 魏海燕, 郭保卫, 沙安勤, 周有炎, 罗学超, 刘国林. 钵苗机插水稻群体动态特征及高产形成机制的探讨. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47: 865–879
   Hu Y J, Xing Z P, Gong J L, Liu G T, Zhang H C, Dai Q G, Huo Z Y, Xu K, Wei H Y, Guo B W, Sha A Q, Zhou Y Y, Luo X C, Liu G L. Study on population characteristics and formation mechanisms for high yield of pot-seedling mechanical transplanting rice. Sci Agric Sin, 2014, 47: 865–879 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[8] 杨建昌, 杜永, 吴长付, 刘立军, 王志琴, 朱庆森. 超高产粳型水稻生长发育特性的研究. 中国农业科学, 2006, 39: 1336–1345
   Yang J C, Du Y, Wu C F, Liu L J, Wang Z Q, Zhu Q S. Growth and development characteristics of super-high-yielding mid-season japonica rice. Sci Agric Sin, 2006, 39: 1336–1345 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[9] 敖和军, 王淑红, 邹应斌, 彭少兵, 唐启源, 方远祥, 肖安民, 陈玉梅, 熊昌明. 超级杂交稻干物质生产特点与产量稳定性研究. 中国农业科学, 2008, 41: 1927–1936
    Ao H J, Wang S H, Zou Y B, Peng S B, Tang Q Y, Fang Y X, Xiao A M, Chen Y M, Xiong C M. Study on yield stability and dry matter characteristics of super high yield. Sci Agric Sin, 2008, 41: 1927–1936 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[10] 潘圣刚, 黄胜奇, 张帆, 汪金平, 蔡明历, 曹凑贵, 唐湘如, 黎国喜. 超高产栽培杂交中籼稻的生长发育特性. 作物学报, 2011, 37: 537–544
    Pan S G, Huang S Q, Zhang F, Wang J P, Cai M L, Cao C G, Tang X R, Li G X. Growth and development characteristics of super-high-yielding mid-season indica hybrid rice. Acta Agron Sin, 2011, 37: 537–544 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[11] 马均, 朱庆森, 马文波, 田彦华, 杨建昌, 周开达. 重穗型水稻光合作用、物质积累与运转的研究. 中国农业科学, 2003, 36: 375–381
    Ma J, Zhu Q S, Ma W B, Tian Y H, Yang J C, Zhou K D. Studies on the photosynthetic characteristics and accumulation and transformation of assimilation product in heavy panicle type of rice. Sci Agric Sin, 2003, 36: 375–381 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[12] 杨从党, 李刚华, 李贵勇, 夏琼梅, 邓安凤, 刘正辉, 王绍华, 凌启鸿, 丁艳锋. 立体生态区水稻定量促控栽培技术的增产机理. 中国农业科学, 2012, 45: 1904–1913
    Yang C D, Li G H, Li G Y, Xia Q M, Deng A F, Liu Z H, Wang S H, Ling Q H, Ding Y F. Research on the mechanism of grain yield increase of rice by quantitative intensifying and controlling cultivation under an erect ecology in Yunnan province of China. Sci Agric Sin, 2012, 45: 1904–1913 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[13] 罗德强, 王绍华, 江学海, 李刚华, 周维佳, 李敏, 姬广梅, 丁艳锋, 凌启鸿, 刘正辉. 精确定量施肥对贵州高原山区杂交籼稻产量与群体质量的影响. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47: 2099–2108
Luo D Q, Wang S H, Jiang X H, Li G H, Zhou W J, Li M, Ji G M, Ding Y F, Ling Q H, Liu Z H. Effects of accurate fertilizer model on yield and population quality of hybrid Indica rice cultivars in Guizhou highland area. Sci Agric Sin, 2014, 47: 2099–2108 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[14] Ying J F, Peng S B, He Q R, Yang H, Yang C D, Visperas R M, Cassman K G. Comparison of high-yield rice in tropical and subtropical environments: I. Determinants of grain and dry matter yields. Field Crops Res, 1998, 57: 71–84
[15] Peng S B. progress in ideotype breeding to increase rice yield potential. Field Crops Res, 2008, 108: 32–38
[16] 袁隆平. 新株型育种进展. 杂交水稻, 2011, 26(4): 72–74
    Yuan L P. Progress of new plant type breeding. Hybrid Rice, 2011, 26(4): 72–74 (in Chinese)
[17] 凌启鸿. 水稻精确定量栽培理论与技术. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2007
    Ling Q H. Rice Precise Quantitative Cultivation Theory and Technology. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2007 (in Chinese)
[18] 余显权.贵州水稻超高产育种目标及实现途径探讨. 种子, 2002, (4): 46–47
    Yu X Q. Study the breeding objectives and approaches of super high yield rice in Guizhou province. Seed, 2002, (4): 46–47 (in Chinese)
[19] 杨建昌.水稻弱势粒灌浆机理与调控途径. 作物学报, 2010, 36: 2011-2019
Yang J C. Mechanism and regulation in the filling of inferior spikelets of rice. Acta Agron Sin, 2010, 36: 2011–2019 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[20] 张发丽, 黄婷婷, 石明, 张恒栋, 钱晓刚, 罗德强. 穗肥调控时期对大穗型水稻品种结实率及产量的影响. 贵州农业科学, 2014, 42(7): 24–26
Zhang F L, Huang T T, Shi M, Zhang H D, Qiang X G, Luo D Q. Rice heading and fruiting under different head dressing regulation dat. Guizhou Agric Sci, 2014, 42(7): 24–26 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[21] 江学海, 罗德强, 周维佳, 涂丹. 基蘖肥与穗肥比例对杂交水稻氮素吸收利用的影响. 种子, 2001, 28(5): 80–83
Jiang X H, Luo D Q, Zhou W J, Tu D. Influence of basic tillering and panicle proportion on absorption and utilization of nitrogen in rice. Seed, 2001, 28(5): 80–83 (in Chinese)
[1] 闫晓宇, 郭文君, 秦都林, 王双磊, 聂军军, 赵娜, 祁杰, 宋宪亮, 毛丽丽, 孙学振. 滨海盐碱地棉花秸秆还田和深松对棉花干物质积累、养分吸收及产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(5): 1235-1247.
[2] 张特, 王蜜蜂, 赵强. 滴施缩节胺与氮肥对棉花生长发育及产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(2): 396-409.
[3] 王建国, 张佳蕾, 郭峰, 唐朝辉, 杨莎, 彭振英, 孟静静, 崔利, 李新国, 万书波. 钙与氮肥互作对花生干物质和氮素积累分配及产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2021, 47(9): 1666-1679.
[4] 吴雅薇, 蒲玮, 赵波, 魏桂, 孔凡磊, 袁继超. 不同耐低氮性玉米品种的花后碳氮积累与转运特征[J]. 作物学报, 2021, 47(5): 915-928.
[5] 韦还和, 张徐彬, 葛佳琳, 孟天瑶, 陆钰, 李心月, 陶源, 丁恩浩, 陈英龙, 戴其根. 甬优籼粳杂交稻栽后地上部干物质积累动态与特征分析[J]. 作物学报, 2021, 47(3): 546-555.
[6] 柳燕兰, 郭贤仕, 张绪成, 马明生, 王宏康. 密度和施肥对旱地马铃薯干物质积累、产量和水肥利用的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2021, 47(2): 320-331.
[7] 王飞, 郭彬彬, 孙增光, 尹飞, 刘领, 焦念元, 付国占. 增温增CO2浓度对玉米||花生体系玉米生长发育及产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2021, 47(11): 2220-2231.
[8] 胡鑫慧, 谷淑波, 朱俊科, 王东. 分期施钾对不同质地土壤麦田冬小麦干物质积累和产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2021, 47(11): 2258-2267.
[9] 吕腾飞, 谌洁, 代邹, 马鹏, 杨志远, 郑传刚, 马均. 缓释氮肥与尿素配施对机插杂交籼稻碳氮积累的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2021, 47(10): 1966-1977.
[10] 时晓娟, 韩焕勇, 王方永, 郝先哲, 高宏云, 罗宏海. DPC+化学封顶对不同施氮量下棉花叶片光合生理特性的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2020, 46(9): 1416-1429.
[11] 李敏, 罗德强, 江学海, 蒋明金, 姬广梅, 李立江, 周维佳. 控水增密模式对杂交籼稻减氮后产量形成的调控效应[J]. 作物学报, 2020, 46(9): 1430-1447.
[12] 于宁宁,张吉旺,任佰朝,赵斌,刘鹏. 综合农艺管理对夏玉米叶片生长发育及内源激素含量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2020, 46(6): 960-967.
[13] 丁永刚,李福建,王亚华,汤小庆,杜同庆,朱敏,李春燕,朱新开,丁锦峰,郭文善. 稻茬小麦氮高效品种产量构成和群体质量特征[J]. 作物学报, 2020, 46(4): 544-556.
[14] 王士红,杨中旭,史加亮,李海涛,宋宪亮,孙学振. 增密减氮对棉花干物质和氮素积累分配及产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2020, 46(3): 395-407.
[15] 姜丽娜,马静丽,方保停,马建辉,李春喜,王志敏,蒿宝珍. 限水减氮对豫北冬小麦产量和植株不同层次器官干物质运转的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2019, 45(6): 957-966.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!
京ICP备15008789号-2