作物学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (10): 1536-1547.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2017.01536
何俊欧1,凌霄霞1,张建设3,张萌1,马迪1,2,孙梦1,刘永忠1,展茗1,*,赵明2,*
HE Jun-Ou1,LING Xiao-Xia1,ZHANG Jian-She3,ZHANG Meng1,MA Di1,2,SUN Meng1,LIU Yong-Zhong1,ZHAN Ming1,*,ZHAO Ming2,*
摘要:
利用湖北省低丘平原区8个长期基准气象台站35年(1980—2014)气象资料,对湖北省不同区域春玉米、夏玉米及秋玉米的需水量、旱涝发生频率及其年际变化趋势进行了分析。结果表明玉米各生育阶段需水量区域间差异较小,而不同种植季玉米间差异较大。秋玉米需水量显著低于春玉米和夏玉米,春玉米需水量与夏玉米相近,且三季玉米的需水量随年份呈显著下降趋势,尤其是以鄂中地区需水量下降最多,平均达 ?18.62 mm (10a)-1。鄂北、鄂中及鄂东南区域三季玉米播种?拔节阶段均以发生涝灾为主,其中重涝发生频率较高;鄂北及鄂中地区三季玉米拔节?完熟期主要以发生轻度干旱为主,尤其是灌浆期间旱灾发生频率较高;在鄂东南春玉米与夏玉米拔节?吐丝期间涝灾发生频率要高于旱灾,灌浆期间三季玉米均以旱灾较多,尤其是夏玉米与秋玉米旱灾要重于春玉米。各地区三季玉米不同生育时期旱涝年际变化趋势不显著。从降低旱涝胁迫风险考虑,建议鄂北地区主要发展夏玉米、鄂中及鄂东南地区主要发展春玉米,适当控制秋玉米面积;三季玉米拔节前均要注意防涝,拔节后注意防旱。
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