作物学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (10): 1548-1558.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2017.01548
高佳,史建国,董树亭,刘鹏,赵斌,张吉旺*
GAO Jia,SHI Jian-Guo,DONG Shu-Ting,LIU Peng,ZHAO Bin,ZHANG Ji-Wang*
摘要:
为了探讨不同光照条件对夏玉米籽粒胚乳细胞增殖及产量的影响,2012—2014年于山东农业大学试验农场进行了大田试验,选玉米品种郑单958和登海605为试验材料,设置大田自然光照(CK)、开花至收获期遮阴(S1)、拔节至开花期遮阴(S2)、出苗至收获期遮阴(S3)和开花至收获期增光(L) 5个处理,研究其对夏玉米籽粒胚乳细胞增殖、籽粒灌浆、淀粉含量、干物质积累及产量的影响。结果表明,遮阴后籽粒胚乳细胞增殖速率、细胞数目和淀粉积累量降低,细胞充实度下降,粒重显著降低,且S3对其影响最大,S1次之,S2影响相对较小。郑单958和登海605两个品种S1、S2和S3成熟期的胚乳细胞数目较CK分别降低33%、6%、29%和41%、5%、29%,DH605 L处理显著提高了胚乳细胞增殖速率、胚乳细胞数目及淀粉含量,细胞充实度和粒重显著上升。遮阴导致籽粒灌浆速率减缓,灌浆高峰期推迟,2个品种S1、S2和S3的最大灌浆速率较CK分别降低34%、13%、58%和38%、13%、64%,登海605 L处理提高了籽粒灌浆速率,籽粒灌浆高峰期提前出现。2个品种S1、S2和S3较CK分别减产58%、26%、81%和67%、27%、81%,登海605 L处理增产9%。即遮阴降低了籽粒胚乳细胞数目、淀粉含量和灌浆速率,进而影响产量,花粒期充足的光照则有助于籽粒胚乳细胞增殖和产量提高。
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