作物学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (01): 105-114.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.00105
汤文光1,肖小平1,张海林2,黄桂林1,唐海明1,李超1,刘胜利2,汪柯1
TANG Wen-Guang1,XIAO Xiao-Ping1,ZHANG Hai-Lin2,HUANG Gui-Lin1,TANG Hai-Ming1,LI Chao1,LIU Sheng-Li2,WANG Ke1
摘要:
研究长期不同耕作措施下双季稻田土壤结构、养分及重金属含量的变化规律,对构建稻田合理耕层、提升耕地质量、促进粮食可持续丰产具有重要意义。2005—2014年在湖南醴陵双季稻田设置长期免耕(NT-NT)、长期旋耕(RT-RT)、长期翻耕(CT-CT)、翻免轮耕(CT-NT)和旋免轮耕(RT-NT) 5种耕作方式定位试验,测定并分析不同耕作方式对耕层深度、土壤容重、土壤C、N、P、K养分含量、养分库容量及重金属Cd含量等的影响。结果表明,NT-NT由于长期没有动土,土壤容重较高,而RT-RT、CT-CT、CT-NT和RT-NT均使土壤容重值降到了较理想区间。CT-NT和RT-NT 0~5 cm耕层土壤有机碳、活性有机碳、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾和Cd含量均显著低于NT-NT,而高于RT-RT、CT-CT,说明NT-NT在促进土壤养分向表层聚集的同时,也促进了土壤镉向表层聚集,且随着耕作频率的增加土壤表层养分及土壤镉均呈下降趋势。CT-NT和RT-NT 5~10 cm耕层土壤各养分含量均显著高于NT-NT,而10~20 cm耕层土壤各养分含量均低于RT-RT、CT-CT,说明轮耕促进了土壤养分积累并主要向土壤中层聚集。耕层厚度、有效养分总库容量及土壤Cd含量均表现为RT-RT、CT-CT>CT-NT、RT-NT>NT-NT,说明随着耕作频率减少土壤耕层逐渐变浅,有效养分总库容量逐渐变小,土壤总镉、有效镉含量也逐渐降低。本研究表明,长期免耕和长期翻(旋)耕均存在一定弊端,长期免耕虽然降低了土壤镉含量,但同时也降低了土壤养分库容,长期翻(旋)耕虽然增加了土壤养分库容,但同时也增加了土壤镉含量,而合理土壤轮耕既可改善土壤结构,促进土壤养分积累、增加土壤养分库容,又能适当降低土壤镉含量,改善土壤环境。
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