不同氮敏感性粳稻品种的氮代谢与光合特性比较

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.00405

作物学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (03): 405-413.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.00405

不同氮敏感性粳稻品种的氮代谢与光合特性比较

剧成欣^1,²(), 周著彪¹, 赵步洪², 王志琴¹, 杨建昌^1,^*()

¹扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理国家重点实验室培育点 / 粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心, 江苏扬州 225009
²江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所, 江苏扬州 225007

收稿日期:2017-08-28 接受日期:2017-11-21 出版日期:2018-03-12 网络出版日期:2017-12-18
通讯作者: 杨建昌
作者简介:
cxju1124@163.com
基金资助:
本研究由国家自然科学基金项目(31461143015, 31471438, 31471447), 国家科技支撑计划项目(2014AA10A605), 国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300206-4), 江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目(PAPD)和扬州大学高端人才支持计划项目(2015-1)资助

Comparison in Nitrogen Metabolism and Photosynthetic Characteristics between Japonica Rice Varieties Differing in Nitrogen Sensitivity

Cheng-Xin JU^1,²(), Zhu-Biao ZHOU¹, Bu-Hong ZHAO², Zhi-Qin WANG¹, Jian-Chang YANG^1,^*()

¹Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Co-innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
²Lixiahe Region Agricultural Research Institute, Yangzhou 225007, Jiangsu, China

Received:2017-08-28 Accepted:2017-11-21 Published:2018-03-12 Published online:2017-12-18
Contact: Jian-Chang YANG
Supported by:
This study was supported the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31461143015, 31471438, 31471447), the National Key Technology Support Program of China (2014AA10A605), the National Key Research and Development Support Program of China (2016YFD0300206-4), the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD), and the Top Talent Supporting Program of Yangzhou University (2015-01).

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文旨在探明不同氮敏感性粳稻品种氮代谢与光合特性。以2个氮敏感高产品种淮稻5号和连粳7号, 2个氮钝感品种宁粳1号和扬粳4038为材料, 设置0和200 kg hm^-22个施氮水平, 研究其产量、氮肥利用效率以及地上部生理性状的变化特点。结果表明, 在2种施氮水平下, 氮敏感品种的产量和氮肥利用效率显著高于氮钝感品种。与氮钝感品种相比, 氮敏感品种具有较高的光合速率和氮素积累, 较强的氮代谢酶活性和较高的光合氮素利用效率, 抽穗期茎叶中积累较多的可溶性糖和淀粉, 抽穗至成熟期茎鞘中非结构性碳水化合物向籽粒转运率较高。表明氮敏感品种在较低施氮量下具有较高的生理活性和物质生产效率; 这些特征可作为筛选高产氮敏感水稻品种的重要生理指标。

关键词: 水稻, 氮敏感性, 产量, 氮肥利用效率, 生理性状

Abstract:

Understanding the physiological characters associated with nitrogen (N) use efficiency (NUE) is very important in selecting and breeding N-efficient varieties. However, the information on such characters is very limited. Four japonica rice varieties, i.e., two nitrogen sensitive varieties, Huaidao 5 (HD-5) and Lianjing 7 (LJ-7), two nitrogen insensitive varieties, Ningjing 1 (NJ-1) and Yangjing 4038 (YJ-4), were grown in the field, and two N rates, 0 and 200 kg ha^-1, were applied during the growing season. The yield components, NUE and aboveground physiological characters were investigated. The nitrogen sensitive varieties produced higher grain yield, exhibited higher NUE than nitrogen insensitive varieties at N rates of 0 and 200 kg ha^-1. When compared with the nitrogen insensitive varieties, the nitrogen sensitive varieties had a higher photosynthetic rate and N accumulation, stronger activity of the enzymes involved in N metabolism, higher photosynthetic NUE, more accumulation of soluble sugars and starch in stems and sheaths at heading time, and more remobilization of nonstructural carbohydrate from stems to grains during grain filling. These physiological traits resulting in higher grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency are important and can be used as physiological indexes to select and breed high-yielding and N-sensitive rice varieties.

Key words: rice, nitrogen sensitivity, grain yield, nitrogen use efficiency, physiological characteristics

剧成欣, 周著彪, 赵步洪, 王志琴, 杨建昌. 不同氮敏感性粳稻品种的氮代谢与光合特性比较[J]. 作物学报, 2018, 44(03): 405-413.

Cheng-Xin JU, Zhu-Biao ZHOU, Bu-Hong ZHAO, Zhi-Qin WANG, Jian-Chang YANG. Comparison in Nitrogen Metabolism and Photosynthetic Characteristics between Japonica Rice Varieties Differing in Nitrogen Sensitivity[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2018, 44(03): 405-413.

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年份 Year	施氮量 N rate	品种 Cultivar	产量 Yield (t hm^-2)	穗数 No. of panicles (×10⁴ hm^-2)	穗粒数 Spikelets per panicle	结实率 Seed setting rate (%)	粒重 Grain weight (mg)
2015	0 kg hm^-2	淮稻5号 HD-5	5.59 a	202 a	105 b	93.4 a	26.8 a
		连粳7号 LJ-7	5.61 a	204 a	112 a	92.7 a	27.1 b
		宁粳1号 NJ-1	5.20 b	196 ab	102 c	92.5 a	28.3 a
		扬粳4038 YJ-4	5.22 b	190 b	107 b	89.4 b	26.3 c
	200 kg hm^-2	淮稻5号 HD-5	9.51 a	297 a	126 b	91.7 a	28.5 a
		连粳7号 LJ-7	9.48 a	288 b	136 a	91.8 a	26.8 b
		宁粳1号 NJ-1	8.69 b	289 b	118 c	90.5 a	28.2 a
		扬粳4038 YJ-4	8.52 b	285 b	129 b	87.5 b	26.2 c
2016	0 kg hm^-2	淮稻5号 HD-5	6.29 a	208 a	124 b	88.0 a	27.7 b
		连粳7号 LJ-7	6.24 a	205 a	133 a	86.5 a	26.4 c
		宁粳1号 NJ-1	5.62 b	210 a	107 c	87.0 a	28.8 a
		扬粳4038 YJ-4	5.79 b	177 b	142 a	87.1 a	26.4 c
	200 kg hm^-2	淮稻5号 HD-5	9.24 a	232 b	173 a	83.7 a	27.5 b
		连粳7号 LJ-7	9.30 a	263 a	165 a	81.5 b	26.3 c
		宁粳1号 NJ-1	8.25 b	233 b	147 b	85.1 a	28.3 a
		扬粳4038 YJ-4	8.47 b	220 b	175 a	84.6 a	26.0 c

年份 Year	品种 Cultivar	吸收效率 RE (%)	农学利用效率 AE (kg kg^-1)	生理利用效率 PE (kg kg^-1)	氮肥偏生产力 PFP (kg kg^-1)
2015	淮稻5号 HD-5	42.8 a	19.6 a	45.8 a	47.6 a
	连粳7号 LJ-7	41.9 a	19.4 a	46.3 a	47.4 a
	宁粳1号 NJ-1	39.5 b	17.5 b	44.3 b	43.1 b
	扬粳4038 YJ-4	38.0 b	16.5 b	43.4 b	42.6 b
2016	淮稻5号 HD-5	41.2 a	14.8 a	35.9 a	46.2 a
	连粳7号 LJ-7	41.6 a	15.4 a	37.0 a	46.5 a
	宁粳1号 NJ-1	38.2 b	13.1 b	34.2 b	41.3 b
	扬粳4038 YJ-4	39.7 b	13.5 b	34.0 b	42.4 b

施氮量 N rate	品种 Cultivar	硝酸还原酶 NR (μg NO^-₂ h^-1 g^-1 FW)		谷氨酰胺合成酶 GS (μmol h^-1 g^-1 FW)		谷氨酸合酶 GOGAT (μmol h^-1 g^-1 FW)
施氮量 N rate	品种 Cultivar	PI	HD	PI	HD	PI	HD
0 kg hm^-2	淮稻5号 HD-5	86.7 a	45.2 a	110.2 a	126.7 a	21.9 a	30.3 a
	连粳7号 LJ-7	89.2 a	47.2 a	103.2 a	132.6 a	20.6 a	29.9 a
	宁粳1号 NJ-1	60.7 b	28.0 b	74.7 b	105.0 b	16.4 b	22.5 b
	扬粳4038 YJ-4	62.3 b	25.4 b	70.1 b	99.5 b	18.2 ab	23.2 b
200 kg hm^-2	淮稻5号 HD-5	91.7 a	95.5 a	136.8 a	220.8 a	30.3 a	32.0 a
	连粳7号 LJ-7	93.5 a	88.7 a	143.0 a	215.5 a	31.0 a	33.2 a
	宁粳1号 NJ-1	89.1 ab	49.4 b	105.7 b	216.1 a	26.7 b	29.5 a
	扬粳4038 YJ-4	86.2 b	54.4 b	111.2 b	210.9 a	25.8 b	30.4 a

施氮量 N rate	品种 Cultivar	叶片含氮量 LNC (mg kg^-1)	比叶氮含量 SLNC (g cm^-2)	光合氮素利用效率 PUNE (μmol g^-1 s^-1)
0 kg hm^-2	淮稻5号 HD-5	19.20 a	1.62 a	12.02 a
	连粳7号 LJ-7	19.33 a	1.70 a	11.76 a
	宁粳1号 NJ-1	18.87 b	1.31 b	10.29 c
	扬粳4038 YJ-4	19.03 a	1.42 b	10.99 b
200 kg hm^-2	淮稻5号 HD-5	22.13 c	3.12 a	8.40 a
	连粳7号 LJ-7	24.93 a	3.24 a	8.24 a
	宁粳1号 NJ-1	22.40 c	2.89 b	7.72 b
	扬粳4038 YJ-4	23.10 b	2.85 b	7.65 b

施氮量 N rate	品种 Cultivar	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar (mg g^-1 DW)		蔗糖 Sucrose (mg g^-1 DW)		淀粉 Starch (mg g^-1 DW)
施氮量 N rate	品种 Cultivar	HD	MA	HD	MA	HD	MA
0 kg hm^-2	淮稻5号 HD-5	125.1 a	34.3 a	94.7 a	24.9 a	73.7 a	26.3 a
	连粳7号 LJ-7	123.5 ab	34.0 a	93.7 a	24.5 a	72.6 a	25.5 ab
	宁粳1号 NJ-1	118.9 b	35.8 a	90.7 b	26.0 a	70.0 b	25.1 b
	扬粳4038 YJ-4	115.4 b	34.9 a	89.2 b	25.6 a	68.6 b	26.4 a
200 kg hm^-2	淮稻5号 HD-5	177.6 a	68.1 a	136.8 a	46.4 a	101.5 a	50.8 ab
	连粳7号 LJ-7	175.8 a	67.7 a	135.6 a	45.4 a	100.2 a	50.2 ab
	宁粳1号 NJ-1	166.8 b	69.4 a	130.1 b	45.9 a	92.3 b	51.6 a
	扬粳4038 YJ-4	164.3 b	68.9 a	129.3 b	46.2 a	91.3 b	49.9 b

不同氮敏感性粳稻品种的氮代谢与光合特性比较

Comparison in Nitrogen Metabolism and Photosynthetic Characteristics between Japonica Rice Varieties Differing in Nitrogen Sensitivity

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施氮量 N rate	品种 Cultivar	抽穗期 HD (mg g^-1 DW)	成熟期 MA (mg g^-1 DW)	运转率 Remobilization (%)
0 kg hm^-2	淮稻5号 HD-5	198.9 a	60.5 a	69.58 a
	连粳7号 LJ-7	196.2 a	59.6 a	69.62 a
	宁粳1号 NJ-1	188.9 b	62.9 a	66.70 b
	扬粳4038 YJ-4	184.1 b	61.3 a	66.70 b
200 kg hm^-2	淮稻5号 HD-5	279.1 a	118.9 a	57.40 a
	连粳7号 LJ-7	276.0 a	117.8 a	57.32 a
	宁粳1号 NJ-1	258.9 b	121.1 a	53.23 b
	扬粳4038 YJ-4	255.6 b	118.8 a	53.52 b

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