作物学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (6): 876-885.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.00876
张乃旭1,2,赵财2,赵良霞2,蔡莉娟2,王一帆2,柴强2,*()
Nai-Xu ZHANG1,2,Cai ZHAO2,Liang-Xia ZHAO2,Li-Juan CAI2,Yi-Fan WANG2,Qiang CHAI2,*()
摘要:
西北绿洲灌区以传统覆膜方式为主的农业节水措施受水资源不足和白色地膜污染的挑战日益加剧, 地膜减量节水技术研究亟待开展。2014—2016年, 在河西绿洲灌区进行田间试验, 重点探讨不同灌水水平下, 一膜覆两年(RM)处理、少耕覆膜(RtM)和传统覆膜(CM)对玉米农田耗水特征和水分利用效率(WUE)的影响。结果表明, RM和RtM相对于CM均能显著提高玉米播前土壤贮水量, 3年平均增加41.7 mm和31.6 mm (提高15.9%和12.1%)。玉米播种到拔节初期(全生育期前40 d), 灌水水平相同时, RM较RtM和CM降低了耗水量但增加了棵间蒸发量, 且棵间蒸发量/耗水量(E/ET)显著增大, 相反从玉米拔节初期到收获期, RM的E/ET较CM降低13.2%, 即RM有利于减少玉米生育后期的无效耗水量, RtM与CM则无显著差异。灌水水平相同时, RtM水分利用效率最优, RM与CM之间无显著差异。相同覆膜方式下, 中灌水水平玉米的WUE最高, RM与CM整个生育期内的耗水量、棵间蒸发量及E/ET均无显著差异, 表明一膜覆两年具有传统覆膜方式节水增效的优点。因此, 在河西绿洲溉区, 一膜覆两年具有与每年翻耕覆新膜同等的水分利用效果, 是试验区可推广的节水、地膜减量生产技术。
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