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作物学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (6): 909-919.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.00909

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

化控剂对东北春玉米茎秆理化特性及抗倒伏的影响

樊海潮1,顾万荣1,*(),杨德光1,尉菊萍1,朴琳1,张倩1,张立国2,杨秀红3,魏湜1   

  1. 1 东北农业大学农学院, 黑龙江哈尔滨 150030
    2 黑龙江省农业科学院玉米研究所, 黑龙江哈尔滨 150086
    3 黑龙江省大庆市农业委员会, 黑龙江大庆 163000
  • 收稿日期:2017-09-29 接受日期:2018-03-26 出版日期:2018-06-12 网络出版日期:2018-04-17
  • 通讯作者: 顾万荣
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由国家重点研发计划项目(, 2017YFD0300506)(2016YFD0300103);本研究由国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0300506);东北农业大学“学术骨干”基金项目资助(17XG23)

Effect of Chemical Regulators on Physical and Chemical Properties and Lodging Resistance of Spring Maize Stem in Northeast China

Hai-Chao FAN1,Wan-Rong GU1,*(),De-Guang YANG1,Ju-Ping YU1,Lin PIAO1,Qian ZHANG1,Li-Guo ZHANG2,Xiu-Hong YANG3,Shi WEI1   

  1. 1 College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China
    2 Maize Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China
    3 Committee on Agriculture, the City of Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, Daqing 163000, Heilongjiang, China
  • Received:2017-09-29 Accepted:2018-03-26 Published:2018-06-12 Published online:2018-04-17
  • Contact: Wan-Rong GU
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0300103, 2017YFD0300506)(2016YFD0300103);This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0300506);the “Academic Backbone” Project of Northeast Agricultural University(17XG23)

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摘要：

通过探讨春玉米茎秆纤维素、半纤维素和木质素含量及木质素合成相关酶活性对不同化控剂的响应, 明确化控剂调控茎秆抗倒伏能力的力学机制, 可为生产上化控剂的合理运用提供理论依据。2015年和2016年在东北农业大学向阳实验实习基地进行大田定位试验, 以玉米品种东农253为材料, 分别于六叶期喷施吨田宝(代号DTB)及DCPTA [2-(3,4-二氯苯氧基)三乙胺]和ETH (2-氯乙基膦酸)复配剂(代号KP), 对照为清水, 完全随机区组排列。分析玉米不同生育时期茎秆抗折力、抗倒伏指数、木质素、纤维素和半纤维素含量及木质素合成关键酶的活性变化对不同化控剂处理的响应。喷施化控剂可显著提高茎秆4-香豆酸: CoA连接酶(4CL)和肉桂醇脱氢酶(CAD)活性, 以及纤维素含量、半纤维素含量、木质素含量、茎秆抗折力和抗倒伏指数, 显著降低实际倒伏率。相关分析表明, 茎秆抗倒伏指数与木质素含量、半纤维素含量呈极显著正相关(相关系数分别是0.67和0.64); 茎秆抗折力与纤维素含量呈极显著正相关(相关系数为0.89); 木质素含量与CAD活性呈极显著正相关(相关系数为0.89), 与4CL活性呈显著正相关(相关系数为0.51), 而与苯丙氨酸转氨酶(PAL)和酪氨酸解氨酶(TAL)活性均没有显著相关性。六叶期喷施化控剂通过提高茎秆木质素合成相关酶的活性(特别是CAD和4CL的活性), 改善茎秆纤维品质性状, 显著增强了春玉米茎秆的抗倒伏能力。

关键词: 春玉米, 化控剂, 理化特性, 酶活性, 抗倒伏性

Abstract:

In order to investigate the mechanical mechanism of controlling lodging resistance of corn stalk, effects of chemical regulators on contents of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin and lignin related enzyme activity of spring maize stalk were studied. Field experiments were conducted at the Xiangyang experimental practice base of Northeast Agricultural University in 2015 and 2016 using spring maize cultivar Dongnong 253 with two chemical regulators, DTB and KP (a chemical regulator made of DCPTA and ETH). Two chemical regulators were sprayed at the 6-leaf stage, with water spraying as the control. The randomized block group was designed with three replicates, and a plot area was 56 m 2. The responses of bending resistance, lodging resistance index, lignin, cellulose and hemi-cellulose contents, and the activities of key enzymes of lignin synthesis at different growth stages of maize to different treatments were analyzed. The two chemical regulators application could significantly improve activities of 4-coumarate: CoA ligase (4CL) and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) in maize stem. The contents of cellulose, hemi-cellulose and lignin, bending resistance, and lodging resistance index were also improved significantly, where actual lodging rate decreased significantly. The lodging resistance index was extremely positively correlated with contents of lignin and hemi-cellulose (correlation coefficients were 0.67 and 0.64, respectively). The bending resistance was extremely positively correlated with the content of cellulose (correlation coefficient was 0.89). The content of lignin was extremely positively correlated with the activity of CAD (correlation coefficient was 0.89) and positively correlated with the activity of 4CL (correlation coefficient was 0.51). However, there’s no significant correlation of lignin content with phenylalanine transaminase (PAL) and tyrosine ammonia lyase (TAL) activityies. Our results suggest that spraying chemical regulators at the 6-leaf stage can improve activities of key enzymes in stem (especially activities of CAD and 4CL), and stem fiber quality significantly enhancing stem lodging resistance of spring maize.

Key words: spring maize, chemical regulators, physio-biochemichal characteristics, enzyme activity, lodging resistance

图1

2015年和2016年玉米生长季降雨量和平均温度"

表1

化控剂对玉米田间倒伏发生时期、分级及实际倒伏率的影响"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 倒伏发生时期
Stage of lodging		 倒伏分级
Lodging grade		 实际倒伏率
Actual lodging percentage (%)
2015 KP 0 0
DTB 乳熟期
Milk stage		 1 3.88
2 0.38
CK 抽雄吐丝期
Tasseling stage		 1 5.64
2 26.48
2016 KP 0 0
DTB 乳熟期
Milk stage		 1 2.94
2 0.86
CK 抽雄吐丝期
Tasseling stage		 1 4.38
2 20.88

表2

化控剂对玉米茎秆抗折力的影响"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 拔节期
Elongation stage		 抽雄吐丝期
Tasseling stage		 灌浆初期
Early filling stage		 乳熟期
Milk stage		 完熟期
Maturing stage
2015 KP 229.69±11.75 a 433.51±8.83 a 491.83±6.57 a 465.41±6.70 a 455.26±17.97 a
DTB 220.11±11.98 a 402.41±8.85 b 472.55±7.87 b 436.58±5.54 b 417.76±15.53 a
CK 162.17±10.40 b 346.33±16.82 c 409.05±11.84 c 381.07±12.67 c 360.50±17.56 b
2016 KP 231.14±12.15 a 441.64±8.31 a 494.61±8.94 a 470.51±9.70 a 457.21±14.13 a
DTB 223.61±10.58 a 401.89±7.75 b 469.62±6.79 b 435.56±6.44 b 415.63±12.45 a
CK 163.21±9.67 b 350.34±11.42 c 412.43±12.65 c 382.37±8.78 c 363.14±14.45 b

表3

化控剂对玉米茎秆抗倒伏指数的影响"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 拔节期
Elongation stage		 抽雄吐丝期
Tasseling stage		 灌浆初期
Early filling stage		 乳熟期
Milk stage		 完熟期
Maturing stage
2015 KP 5.84±0.42 a 6.02±0.31 a 6.83±0.35 a 5.41±0.32 a 4.74±0.46 a
DTB 5.53±0.31 a 5.13±0.21 b 5.72±0.39 b 4.34±0.19 b 3.90±0.22 b
CK 3.21±0.41 a 3.17±0.24 c 3.65±0.26 c 3.26±0.35 c 2.93±0.31 c
2016 KP 5.88±0.42 a 6.02±0.31 a 6.83±0.35 a 5.41±0.32 a 4.74±0.46 a
DTB 5.53±0.31 a 5.13±0.21 b 5.72±0.39 b 4.34±0.19 b 3.90±0.22 b
CK 3.21±0.41 a 3.17±0.24 c 3.65±0.26 c 3.26±0.35 c 2.93±0.31 c

图2

化控剂对玉米茎秆纤维素含量的影响 同一时期标以不同小写字母的柱值在0.05水平上差异显著。缩写同表1。"

图3

化控剂对玉米茎秆半纤维素含量的影响 同一时期标以不同小写字母的柱值在0.05水平上差异显著。缩写同表1。"

图4

化控剂对玉米茎秆木质素含量的影响 同一时期标以不同小写字母的柱值在0.05水平上差异显著。缩写同表1。"

图5

木质素合成关键酶PAL、TAL、4CL和CAD活性的变化 同一时期标以不同小写字母的柱值在0.05水平上差异显著。缩写同表1。"

表4

玉米灌浆初期茎秆木质素合成相关酶活性与木质素含量的相关系数"

指标
Index		 木质素含量
Lignin content		 PAL活性
Phenylalaninammo-
nialyase activity		 4CL活性
4-coumarate: CoA
ligase activity		 CAD活性
Cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase activity		 TAL活
Tyrosine ammonia lyase activity
木质素含量
Lignin content		 0.25 0.51* 0.89** 0.38
抗折力
Snapping resistance		 0.29 0.64** 0.68** 0.33 0.58*
抗倒伏指数
Lodging resistance index		 0.67** 0.48 0.39 0.66** 0.49

表5

玉米灌浆初期纤维素、半纤维素含量与抗倒伏能力的相关系数"

指标
Index		 实际倒伏率
Actual lodging percentage		 半纤维素含量
Hemicellulose content		 纤维素含量
Cellulose content
抗折力 Snapping resistance -0.36 0.61* 0.89**
抗倒伏指数 Lodging resistance index -0.85** 0.64** 0.41
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