玉米密植群体下部叶片衰老对植株碳氮分配与产量形成的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.01032

作物学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (7): 1032-1042.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.01032

玉米密植群体下部叶片衰老对植株碳氮分配与产量形成的影响

李荣发,刘鹏,杨清龙,任昊,董树亭,张吉旺,赵斌

山东农业大学农学院 / 作物生物学国家重点实验室, 山东泰安 271018

收稿日期:2017-11-14 接受日期:2018-03-20 出版日期:2018-07-10 网络出版日期:2018-04-09
通讯作者: 刘鹏
基金资助:
本研究由国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300106), 山东省现代农业产业技术体系项目(SDAIT-02-08), 国家自然科学基金项目(31771713, 37011576)和国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-02-20)资助

Effects of Lower Leaf Senescence on Carbon and Nitrogen Distribution and Yield Formation in Maize (Zea mays L.) with High Planting Density

Rong-Fa LI,Peng LIU,Qing-Long YANG,Hao REN,Shu-Ting DONG,Ji-Wang ZHANG,Bin ZHAO

Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University / State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai’ an 271018, Shandong, China

Received:2017-11-14 Accepted:2018-03-20 Published:2018-07-10 Published online:2018-04-09
Contact: Peng LIU
Supported by:
This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan (2016YFD0300106), the Shandong Modern Agricultural Industry Technical System Project (SDAIT-02-08), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31771713, 37011576), and the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-02-20).

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

玉米密植会造成花后下部叶片早衰, 为探明其对植株根系性能、碳氮积累分配及产量形成的影响, 采用大田与土柱栽培相结合的方式, 以登海661和郑单958为试材, 分析了密植条件下两品种花后碳氮分配、根系性能和植株干物质积累量的变化。两年结果表明, 玉米密植群体下部叶片早衰导致两品种花后穗位叶叶绿素含量和净光合速率显著降低, 向根系转运的光合产物数量显著减少, 成熟期(R6)的根系生物量、根长密度和根系表面积较CK显著减少。根系性能的下降导致花后氮素吸收量显著降低, 叶片光合速率降低、整株叶片衰老进程加快, 单株籽粒产量显著下降, 登海661较CK低7.61%, 郑单958较CK低8.35%。郑单958的花后叶片衰老要早于登海661, 且叶面积和净光合速率比登海661低, 导致花后干物质积累量和产量较登海661显著降低。可见玉米密植群体花后下部叶片衰老加速了根系衰老, 降低了氮素吸收量, 影响整株绿叶面积和光合持续期, 最终导致花后干物质积累量和籽粒产量降低。

关键词: 下部叶片衰老, 夏玉米, 碳氮分配, 根系性能

Abstract:

Increasing the population density accelerates the senescence of lower leaves, affecting carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) partitioning in maize (Zea mays L.), and also influencing N uptake by roots after silking. We used the maize varieties Denghai 661 and Zhengdan 958 in field and soil column experiments to analyse of changed of C and N distribution, root system function and plant dry matter accumulation in high plant density at post-silking. The chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of the ear leaf showed a significant decrease. Compared with CK, Denghai 661, and Zhengdan 958 decreased the photosynthetic translocation from at lower leaves to roots. Root biomass, root length density and root surface area were also negatively affected post-silking. The reduction of root function significantly reduced nitrogen uptake and leaf photosynthetic rate and leading to accelerate leaf senescence process at post-silking. Grain yield decreased 7.61% in Denghai 661 and 8.35% in Zhengdan 958. Zhengdan 958 had earlier leaf senescence, lower leaf area and net photosynthetic rate than Denghai 661, significantly decreasing dry matter accumulation and yield. In conclusion, lower leaf senescence accelerates root senescence, decreases nitrogen uptake, whole plant green leaves area and photosynthetic duration, eventually reduced dry matter accumulation and yield.

Key words: lower leaves senescence, summer maize, carbon and nitrogen distribution, root capability

李荣发,刘鹏,杨清龙,任昊,董树亭,张吉旺,赵斌. 玉米密植群体下部叶片衰老对植株碳氮分配与产量形成的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2018, 44(7): 1032-1042.

Rong-Fa LI,Peng LIU,Qing-Long YANG,Hao REN,Shu-Ting DONG,Ji-Wang ZHANG,Bin ZHAO. Effects of Lower Leaf Senescence on Carbon and Nitrogen Distribution and Yield Formation in Maize (Zea mays L.) with High Planting Density[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2018, 44(7): 1032-1042.

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年份 Year	有机质 Organic matter (g kg^-1)	全氮 Total nitrogen (g kg^-1)	碱解氮 Alkaline-hydrolytic N (mg kg^-1)	速效磷 Available P (mg kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K (mg kg^-1)
2015	11.36	1.10	56.35	26.17	106.84
2016	11.07	1.05	52.36	26.37	104.28

年份 Year	品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	单株籽粒产量 Grain yield per plant (g plant^-1)	穗粒数 Grain number (ear^-1)	千粒重 1000-kernel weight (g)
2015	登海661 DH661	CK	159.1 c	456.1 e	349.0 a
	登海661 DH661	S-1/2	143.4 d	431.4 f	332.3 a
	郑单958 ZD958	CK	159.8 c	481.7 d	332.1 a
	郑单958 ZD958	S-1/2	140.8 d	414.2 f	340.1 a
2016	登海661 DH661 郑单958 ZD958	CK	175.6 a	577.5 a	304.0 b
		S-1/2	166.2 b	546.3 b	306.2 b
		CK	168.7 b	521.2 c	312.7 b
		S-1/2	159.7 c	505.4 c	314.9 b
年份 Year (Y)			**	**	**
品种 Variety (V)			**	**	NS
处理 Treatment (T)			**	**	NS
年份×品种 Y × V			**	**	NS
年份×处理 Y × T			**	*	NS
品种×处理 V × T			NS	NS	NS
年份×品种×处理Y × V × T			NS	**	NS

年份 Year	品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	¹³C分配 ¹³C distribution (%)
年份 Year	品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	根 Root	茎 Stalk	叶 Leaf	粒 Grain
2015	登海661 DH661	CK	7.33 e	31.84 d	13.38 a	47.44 c
	登海661 DH661	S-1/2	6.28 g	31.22 d	11.30 b	51.36 a
	郑单958 ZD958	CK	6.90 f	34.67 b	13.18 a	45.25 d
	郑单958 ZD958	S-1/2	5.36 h	37.37 a	10.24 c	47.03 c
2016	登海661 DH661	CK	9.90 a	28.80 e	10.32 c	50.97 a
	登海661 DH661	S-1/2	9.57 b	28.90 e	9.85 d	51.68 a
	郑单958 ZD958	CK	8.80 c	33.56 c	10.13 cd	47.52 c
	郑单958 ZD958	S-1/2	8.53 d	33.49 c	8.83 e	49.14 b

年份 Year	品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	根系生物量 Root biomass (g)		根长密度 Root length density (cm cm^-3)		根系表面积 Root surface area (m²)
年份 Year	品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	R1	R6	R1	R6	R1	R6
2015	登海661 DH661	CK	26.36 d	22.27 b	1.74 d	1.52 a	1.69 b	1.38 a
	登海661 DH661	S-1/2	25.86 d	18.45 de	1.76 cd	1.36 b	1.73 ab	1.10 de
	郑单958 ZD958	CK	21.82 e	19.16 d	1.61 e	1.31 b	1.32 d	1.21 bc
	郑单958 ZD958	S-1/2	21.50 e	17.96 e	1.61 e	1.06 c	1.35 d	0.93 g
2016	登海661 DH661	CK	29.36 a	24.58 a	1.95 a	1.59 a	1.77 a	1.24 b
	登海661 DH661	S-1/2	28.94 ab	20.52 c	1.93 a	1.49 b	1.75 a	1.03 f
	郑单958 ZD958	CK	27.95 bc	24.46 a	1.83 bc	1.53 a	1.54 c	1.16 cd
	郑单958 ZD958	S-1/2	27.70 c	21.30 c	1.84 b	1.33 b	1.54 c	1.03 ef

年份 Year	品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	¹⁵N 积累量 ¹⁵N accumulation (mg plant^-1)
年份 Year	品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	根 Root	茎 Stalk	叶 Leaf	粒 Grain	整株 Whole plant
2015	登海661 DH661	CK	83.0 b	157.4 b	108.4 a	646.4 c	995.2 c
	登海661 DH661	S-1/2	64.5 d	131.9 d	84.0 cd	448.6 d	729.0 d
	郑单958 ZD958	CK	87.0 a	187.5 a	95.6 b	668.8 c	1039.0 b
	郑单958 ZD958	S-1/2	39.1 f	162.5 b	71.9 e	459.6 d	733.1 d
2016	登海661 DH661	CK	65.8 d	146.9 c	95.4 b	821.9 a	1130.0 a
	登海661 DH661	S-1/2	54.4 e	122.9 e	85.2 cd	782.3 b	1047.4 b
	郑单958 ZD958	CK	70.3 c	141.0 c	90.0 bc	848.4 a	1149.8 a
	郑单958 ZD958	S-1/2	53.4 e	125.6 de	80.1 d	782.4 b	1041.5 b

玉米密植群体下部叶片衰老对植株碳氮分配与产量形成的影响

Effects of Lower Leaf Senescence on Carbon and Nitrogen Distribution and Yield Formation in Maize (Zea mays L.) with High Planting Density

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	根系生物量 Root biomass	根长密度 Root length density	根系表面积 Root surface area	氮素积累量 N accumulation	叶面积 Leaf area	叶绿素含量 Content of Chl a+b	光合速率 P_n	花后干物质 Post-silking dry matter
根系生物量 Root biomass	1.00
根长密度 Root length density	0.83^**	1.00
根系表面积 Root surface area	0.92^**	0.89^**	1.00
氮素积累量 N accumulation	0.35	0.34	0.36	1.00
叶面积 Leaf area	0.61^*	0.40	0.45	0.70^**	1.00
叶绿素含量 Content of Chl a+b	0.76^**	0.82^**	0.82^**	0.31	0.36	1.00
光合速率 P_n	0.25	0.29	0.29	0.61^*	0.58^*	0.31	1.00
花后干物质 Post-silking dry matter	0.61^*	0.36	0.47	0.81^**	0.88^**	0.37	0.58^*	1.00

年份 Year	品种 Variety	种植密度 Plant density (×10⁴ hm^-2)	公顷穗数 Number of harvested ears hm^-2	穗粒数 Number of grains per ear	千粒重 1000-kernel weight (g)	产量 Yield (kg hm^-2)	生物量 Biomass (kg hm^-2)	收获指数 Harvest index
2015	登海661 DH661	6.75	65439.4 b	563.0 a	371.9 b	13703.8 c	22642.0 b	0.61 abc
	登海661 DH661	9.00	85927.8 a	476.9 cd	361.5 c	14812.7 a	25219.8 a	0.59 bc
	郑单958 ZD958	6.75	63894.4 c	539.2 b	356.6 c	12285.6 d	20463.3 d	0.60 abc
	郑单958 ZD958	9.00	85447.2 a	480.0 cd	331.5 d	13596.8 c	22116.6 bc	0.61 ab
2016	登海661 DH661	6.75	64106.1 c	553.7 a	379.9 a	13483.7 c	21544.1 c	0.62 ab
	登海661 DH661	9.00	85227.8 a	473.5 d	359.2 c	14495.4 ab	25267.9 a	0.57 c
	郑单958 ZD958	6.75	62994.4 c	533.9 b	367.9 b	12375.1 d	20702.0 d	0.60 bc
	郑单958 ZD958	9.00	85413.9 a	487.6 c	335.9 d	13988.8 bc	22108.0 bc	0.63 a
年份 Year (Y)			*	NS	**	NS	NS	NS
品种 Variety (V)			*	NS	**	**	**	NS
密度 Density (D)			**	**	**	**	**	NS
年份×品种 Y × V			NS	NS	NS	*	NS	NS
年份×密度 Y × D			NS	NS	**	NS	NS	NS
品种×密度 V × D			NS	**	**	**	**	**
年份×品种×密度Y × V × D			NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS

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