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作物学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (6): 920-930.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.00920

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

密植条件下玉米品种混播对夏玉米光合性能及产量的影响

胡旦旦,张吉旺,刘鹏,赵斌,董树亭()   

  1. 作物生物学国家重点实验室 / 山东农业大学农学院, 山东泰安271018
  • 收稿日期:2017-11-08 接受日期:2018-03-26 出版日期:2018-06-12 网络出版日期:2018-04-08
  • 通讯作者: 董树亭
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由国家自然科学基金项目(31071358);本研究由国家自然科学基金项目(30871476);国家“十二五”科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD07B06-2);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-02-20);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(HY20121203100);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(HY1203096);山东省财政支持农业重大应用技术创新课题资助(2014)

Effects of Mixed-cropping with Different Varieties on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Summer Maize under Close Planting Condition

Dan-Dan HU,Ji-Wang ZHANG,Peng LIU,Bin ZHAO,Shu-Ting DONG()   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agriculture, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
  • Received:2017-11-08 Accepted:2018-03-26 Published:2018-06-12 Published online:2018-04-08
  • Contact: Shu-Ting DONG
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31071358);This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30871476);the National “12th Five-Year” Science and Technology Support Plan(2013BAD07B06-2);the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-02-20);the Special Fund for Agro-scien- tific Research in the Public Interest(HY20121203100);the Special Fund for Agro-scien- tific Research in the Public Interest(HY1203096);and the Funds for Financial Support to Agriculture in Shandong Province(2014)

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摘要：

探究密植条件下玉米品种混播对夏玉米光合性能及产量的影响。在82 500株 hm -2种植密度下, 选用郑单958 (ZD958)和登海605 (DH605), 在大田条件下设置M(两种子相同数量混合后随机混播)、1行郑单958和1行登海605混播(1:1)、2行郑单958和2行登海605混播(2:2)、单播郑单958 (SZD958)和单播登海605 (SDH605) 5个水平, 研究密植条件下玉米品种混播对黄淮海夏玉米产量、群体干物质积累量、净光合速率、叶片衰老酶活性、冠层透光率等的影响。两年结果表明, ZD958和DH605混播可显著改善玉米生育后期群体透光率, 使叶面积指数、叶绿素含量和穂位叶净光合速率较单播显著增加, 干物质积累量显著增加。混播处理较单播增加生育后期超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性和可溶性蛋白含量, 与此同时, 丙二醛(MDA)含量降低。混播显著增加玉米群体产量, 究其原因是穗粒数和千粒重的有效增加。M、1:1、2:2处理的两年平均产量较SZD958和SDH605分别增加11.47%、8.70%、8.48%和9.30%、6.42%、6.20%, 其中M、1:1、2:2处理间没有显著差异。混播处理通过优化冠层结构, 改善群体通风透光条件, 延缓叶片衰老, 减缓花后叶面积指数和叶绿素含量降低, 保持较高的净光合速率, 致使群体干物质积累量增加, 产量提高。可见, 合理品种搭配的混播栽培可显著提高密植夏玉米产量, 是提高黄淮海区夏玉米产量的可选途径之一。

关键词: 夏玉米, 密植, 混播, 光合性能, 产量

Abstract:

During the 2016 and 2017 growing seasons in Shandong, a province in the North China Plain, using Zhengdan 958 and Denghai 605 for five treatments, including M (random sowing after mixing in the same proportion), 1:1 (raw ratio of ZD958 to DH605 is 1:1), 2:2 (raw ratio of ZD958 to DH605 is 2:2), and two monoculture treatments (SDH605 and SDH605). This experiment was conducted to explore the effects of mixed-cropping on grain yield, amount of dry matter of groups, net photosynthetic rate, anti-oxidative metabolism, canopy structure of summer maize under a density of 82 500 plants ha -1. The two-year results showed that mixed-cropping significantly improved canopy light transmittance, leaf area index, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate and dry matter accumulation. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) activities and soluble protein content increased significantly, but the content of MDA decreased under mixed-cropping. The grain yield of summer maize increased significantly under mixed-cropping, due to the increase in grains per spike and 1000-kernel weight. Compared with SZD958 and SDH605, the two-year average grain yields of M, 1:1, 2:2 increased by 11.47%, 8.70%, 8.48% and 9.30%, 6.42%, 6.20%, respectively. There were no significant difference among M, 1:1 and 2:2 treatments. Mixed-cropping formed high-efficiency canopy structure, created better aeration and transmittance conditions, delayed leaf senescence, slowed down the decrease of leaf area index and chlorophyll content after anthesis, maintained higher net photosynthetic rate and increased dry matter accumulation, eventually resulted in the higher grain yield of summer maize. It is concluded that mixed-cropping with reasonable varieties can significantly increase the yield of close planting summer maize, which is one of the optional cultivation patterns to increase maize yield in the Yellow-Huaihe-Haihe Rivers Plain．

Key words: summer maize, high plant density, mixed-cropping, photosynthetic characteristics, grain yield

表1

郑单958和登海605的品种特性"

品种
Variety		 生育时期
Growth stage (d)		 株高
Plant height (cm)		 株型
Plant type
郑单958 Zhengdan 958 110 260 紧凑, 上部叶片宽而大Compact, with wide and large upper leaves
登海605 Denghai 605 107 250 紧凑, 上部叶片窄而尖Compact, with narrow and sharpe upper leaves

表2

不同玉米品种混播对夏玉米产量及其构成的影响"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 穗数
Ear number (ears hm-2)		 穗粒数
Grains per ear		 千粒重
1000-kernel weight (g)		 产量
Yield (kg hm-2)
2016 SZD958 78281.1 a 475.8 cd 356.1 b 10115.1 c
SDH605 78455.6 a 470.3 d 351.0 b 10420.7 bc
M 79850.6 a 513.9 a 371.8 a 11522.3 a
1:1ZD958 79037.5 a 505.2 a 354.9 b 11159.6 a
1:1DH605 80033.3 a 483.3 bc 366.4 a
2:2ZD958 79842.3 a 489.3 b 366.3 a 11049.5 ab
2:2DH605 78693.8 a 484.4 bc 372.4 a
2017 SZD958 78953.3 a 462.5 c 343.5 e 10850.2 b
SDH605 79314.2 a 464.8 c 363.0 c 11064.8 b
M 79279.2 a 484.8 a 372.3 b 11928.5 a
1:1ZD958 79359.2 a 486.2 a 353.0 d 11798.3 a
1:1DH605 79350.0 a 473.3 b 384.5 a
2:2ZD958 78852.5 a 490.0 a 357.9 cd 11826.6 a
2:2DH605 78887.5 a 473.1 b 380.1 ab

表3

不同玉米品种混播在不同生育时期群体干物质积累"

年份
Year		 生育时期
Growth
stage		 处理
Treatment		 干物质积累量 Dry matter accumulation (kg hm-2)
茎秆
Stalk		 叶片
Leaf		 雄穗
Tassel		 苞叶
Husk		 穗轴
Cob		 籽粒
Grain		 雌穗
Ear		 植株
Plant
2016 VT SZD958 4692.6 ab 2693.4 bc 370.2 abc 924.3 bc 518.9 c 9199.4 c
SDH605 4605.7 b 2583.4 c 373.2 ab 860.2 c 452.7 d 8875.1 d
M 4958.5 a 2896.0 a 317.1 bc 1026.9 b 608.9 a 9807.3 a
1:1ZD958 4823.8 ab 2792.6 ab 279.7 c 860.5 c 481.0 d 9237.5 c
1:1DH605 4791.3 ab 2784.9 ab 414.7 a 865.4 c 521.7 c 9378.1 bc
2:2ZD958 4911.2 a 2700.5 bc 382.3 ab 1199.6 a 527.5 c 9720.9 ab
2:2DH605 4840.8 ab 2785.2 ab 329.2 abc 990.6 bc 560.5 b 9506.2 abc
R6 SZD958 4149.8 b 2425.5 c 236.5 b 825.5 ab 1672.0 ab 13684.0 b 23020.3 c
SDH605 4224.0 ab 2579.5 bc 184.3 cd 891.0 ab 1556.5 bc 13593.3 b 23028.5 c
M 4237.8 ab 2841.0 a 209.0 c 814.0 abc 1452.0 cd 14176.3 a 23765.5 a
1:1ZD958 4372.5 a 2601.5 bc 189.8 cd 706.8 d 1383.3 d 14014.0 a 23267.8 bc
1:1DH605 4273.5 ab 2884.8 a 178.8 d 761.8 cd 1793.0 a 14041.5 a 23850.8 a
2:2ZD958 4317.5 ab 2656.5 b 275.0 a 836.0 abc 1553.8 bc 14024.0 a 23580.3 ab
2:2DH605 4265.3 ab 2511.5 b 242.0 b 805.8 bc 1490.5 cd 14179.0 a 23694.0 a
年份
Year		 生育时期
Growth
stage		 处理
Treatment		 干物质积累量 Dry matter accumulation (kg hm-2)
茎秆
Stalk		 叶片
Leaf		 雄穗
Tassel		 苞叶
Husk		 穗轴
Cob		 籽粒
Grain		 雌穗
Ear		 植株
Plant
2017 VT SZD958 4712.4 cd 2677.7 b 308.0 c 779.9 bc 138.9 d 8616.9 c
SDH605 4681.3 d 2681.3 b 188.9 d 867.9 ab 204.3 c 8706.2 c
M 5335.3 a 2907.0 a 283.3 c 931.7 a 221.9 bc 9679.2 a
1:1ZD958 5272.0 ab 2853.7 ab 440.0 a 746.9 c 227.2 bc 9506.8 ab
1:1DH605 5253.1 ab 2930.1 a 292.1 c 839.0 abc 131.5 d 9445.7 ab
2:2ZD958 5006.4 bc 2949.4a 298.7 c 852.0 ab 262.1 ab 9368.4 b
2:2DH605 5285.8 ab 2917.2 a 360.0 b 864.1 ab 295.6 a 9667.6 a
R6 SZD958 4206.7 b 2708.8 de 254.4 a 597.3 bc 1540.0 a 13016.3 c 22323.4 c
SDH605 4192.7 b 2526.7 e 121.6 c 544.5 c 1497.1 ab 13210.5 c 22093.0 c
M 4274.6 a 2847.6 abc 127.6 c 567.1 bc 1347.0 b 14466.4 a 23851.6 a
1:1ZD958 4426.1 ab 2930.7 a 193.3 b 617.9 abc 1314.2 b 14326.1 ab 23808.4 ab
1:1DH605 4502.0 a 2571.5 cd 148.8 c 517.0 c 1572.5 a 14034.1 ab 23345.9 b
2:2ZD958 4496.0 ab 2912.3 ab 277.2 a 727.1 a 1477.9 ab 13938.1 b 23607.1 ab
2:2DH605 4424.8 ab 2771.7 bc 134.5 c 665.8 ab 1465.5 ab 13902.9 b 23365.1 b

图1

不同玉米品种混播对夏玉米叶面积指数的影响 S: 单播; M: 按同等比例混合后随机播种; 1:1处理: 1行郑单958, 1行登海605; 2:2处理: 2行郑单958, 2行登海605。V6: 拔节期; V12: 大喇叭口期; VT: 开花期; VT+10: 花后10 d; VT+30: 花后30 d; VT+50: 花后50 d。"

图2

不同玉米品种混播对夏玉米冠层透光率的影响 ZD958: 郑单958; DH605: 登海605; 缩写同图1。"

图3

不同玉米品种混播对夏玉米叶片叶绿素含量的影响 缩写同图1。"

图4

不同玉米品种混播对夏玉米叶片净光合速率的影响 缩写同图1。"

表4

不同玉米品种混播对夏玉米叶片SOD、POD活性的影响"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 SOD (U g-1 FW min-1) POD (U g-1 FW min-1)
VT VT+10 VT+30 VT+50 VT VT+10 VT+30 VT+50
2016 SZD958 576.3 b 607.3 b 350.4 c 242.9 c 198.6 ab 220.1 a 197.0 c 142.9 d
SDH605 580.1 ab 602.6 ab 356.7 b 255.6 b 200.2 ab 221.2 a 199.6 bc 144.5 d
M 578.4 ab 607.4 a 362.3 a 265.8 a 201.0 ab 224.5 a 206.8 a 152.3 ab
1:1 ZD958 577.1 b 606.7 a 362.4 a 256.7 b 199.6 ab 220.6 a 203.5 ab 150.4 bc
1:1 DH605 584.0 a 596.0 b 357.0 b 265.9 a 198.1 b 224.1 a 203.2 ab 149.9 c
2:2 ZD958 581.7 ab 602.2 ab 358.0 ab 255.9 b 200.3 ab 223.3 a 199.1 bc 145.2 d
2:2 DH605 583.4 a 605.9 a 360.6 ab 254.6 b 201.7 a 221.7 a 203.0 ab 152.8 a
2017 SZD958 593.0 a 614.0 ab 359.1 c 256.2 c 202.0 a 234.5 ab 198.6 c 148.5 c
SDH605 589.4 a 610.6 ab 366.6 bc 262.3 c 204.8 a 232.8 b 205.0 bc 154.2 bc
M 588.4 a 616.1 a 380.9 a 279.1 ab 205.0 a 238.5 ab 213.5 a 165.6 a
1:1 ZD958 583.8 a 614.3 ab 374.7 ab 273.4 b 203.9 a 242.3 ab 210.5 ab 163.7 ab
1:1 DH605 592.3 a 609.3 b 380.9 a 281.6 a 200.8 a 244.1 a 213.6 a 164.2 a
2:2 ZD958 591.7 a 608.9 b 381.4 a 280.2 ab 203.6 a 239.9 ab 212.4 a 161.9 ab
2:2 DH605 590.1 a 612.6 ab 377.3 a 283.0 a 205.1 a 238.6 ab 213.6 a 164.8 a

表5

不同玉米品种混播对夏玉米叶片MDA含量和可溶性蛋白含量的影响"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 MDA (μmol mg-1 FW) 可溶性蛋白 Soluble protein (mg g-1 FW)
VT VT+10 VT+30 VT+50 VT VT+10 VT+30 VT+50
2016 SZD958 15.5 ab 19.0 bc 24.9 a 37.3 b 26.0 a 30.3 bc 37.6 b 25.4 d
SDH605 15.2 bc 18.5 c 24.7 ab 38.4 a 26.2 a 30.8 b 37.7 b 25.7 cd
M 15.0 bc 20.0 a 23.1 d 33.8 e 25.5 b 32.4 a 39.0 a 26.7 a
1:1 ZD958 14.9 c 19.5 ab 24.0 c 35.2 d 25.5 bc 30.8 b 38.4 ab 26.0 bc
1:1 DH605 15.0 bc 19.0 bc 24.3 bc 36.4 c 25.6 b 29.6 c 38.9 a 26.4 ab
2:2 ZD958 15.9 a 19.5 ab 23.8 c 34.4 de 25.3 cd 29.5 c 38.4 ab 26.6 a
2:2 DH605 15.4 abc 19.1 bc 24.1 b 37.4 b 25.2 d 30.7 b 38.9 a 26.5 ab
2017 SZD958 15.2 a 18.9 ab 24.4 ab 37.0 a 25.4 a 29.7 b 34.9 c 24.4 c
SDH605 14.9 a 18.7 ab 24.6 a 37.3 a 24.6 b 30.1 ab 35.2 bc 24.9 bc
M 14.5 a 18.1 b 22.7 c 33.8 c 25.2 ab 31.1 a 36.3 a 26.0 a
1:1 ZD958 14.2 a 18.1 b 23.0 c 34.0 c 25.0 ab 29.7 ab 36.0 ab 25.4 ab
1:1 DH605 14.8 a 18.3 ab 23.4 bc 35.4 b 24.6 ab 29.3 b 36.5 a 25.8 a
2:2 ZD958 14.6 a 19.1 a 22.9 c 34.7 bc 25.1 ab 29.5 b 36.1 a 25.7 a
2:2 DH605 14.7 a 18.5 ab 23.3 bc 35.5 b 25.4 ab 29.8 ab 36.4 a 25.2 a
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