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作物学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (12): 1755-1763.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.01755

• 专题: 玉米籽粒脱水与机械收获研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

黄淮海夏玉米籽粒脱水与气象因子的关系

高尚,明博,李璐璐,谢瑞芝,薛军,侯鹏,王克如(),李少昆()   

  1. 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 / 农业部作物生理生态重点实验室, 北京100081
  • 收稿日期:2018-06-09 接受日期:2018-08-20 出版日期:2018-12-12 网络出版日期:2018-09-19
  • 通讯作者: 王克如,李少昆
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300101);国家自然科学基金项目(31371575);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-02-25);中国农业科学院农业科技创新工程项目资助

Relationship between Grain Dehydration and Meteorological Factors in the Yellow-Huai-Hai Rivers Summer Maize

Shang GAO,Bo MING,Lu-Lu LI,Rui-Zhi XIE,Jun XUE,Peng HOU,Ke-Ru WANG(),Shao-Kun LI()   

  1. Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2018-06-09 Accepted:2018-08-20 Published:2018-12-12 Published online:2018-09-19
  • Contact: Ke-Ru WANG,Shao-Kun LI
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300101);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31371575);the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-02-25);the Innovation Project of Agricultural Science and Technology at Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

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摘要：

玉米籽粒脱水与气象因子之间存在密切的关系, 明确影响籽粒脱水的主要气象因子及其影响程度, 能够更好地预测籽粒含水率的变化动态, 对筛选玉米机械粒收品种, 从而合理安排粒收时间等具有重要的实践价值。本研究于2015—2017年在河南新乡进行, 选用4个目前当地生产中主栽玉米品种京农科728 (JNK728)、郑单958 (ZD958)、先玉335 (XY335)和农华816 (NH816), 通过连续测定获得玉米籽粒含水率的变化过程, 并利用Logistic Power模型拟合, 借鉴去趋势的分析方法, 将玉米籽粒的实际含水率分为趋势含水率、气象含水率与随机误差, 明确黄淮海区域夏玉米籽粒的气象含水率与气象因子之间的关系, 利用逐步回归和通径分析的方法筛选出玉米籽粒生理成熟前后影响籽粒脱水的主要气象因子。分析发现, 玉米籽粒气象含水率与研究分析的大部分气象因子呈显著或极显著相关; 生理成熟前筛选得到的主要气象因子为平均温度(x1)、平均风速(x5)和蒸发量(x11), 生理成熟后为平均温度(x1)和平均相对湿度(x7), 回归模型均达到极显著水平; 通径分析表明, 生理成熟前蒸发量的贡献最大, 而温度、风速主要通过蒸发量起间接作用, 生理成熟后温度和相对湿度主要为直接作用, 且相对湿度的作用略大于温度。本研究所用去趋势的方法, 从理论和实际操作层面均更具科学性, 其研究结果也更为可信, 对其他类似研究也具有借鉴意义。

关键词: 夏玉米, 籽粒脱水, 含水率, 气象因子, 去趋势分析

Abstract:

There is a close relationship between maize grain dehydration and meteorological factors. Clarifying main meteorological factors and their influence on grain dehydration can better predict the dynamics of grain moisture content, and the rationally arrange the time of maize grain harvesting. The study was conducted in Xinxiang, Henan province from 2015 to 2017. Four main maize varieties Jingnongke 728 (JNK728), Zhengdan 958 (ZD958), Xianyu 335 (XY335), and Nonghua 816 (NH816) currently planted in local production were selected to continuously measure the changes of maize grain moisture content. The logistic power model was used for fitting the process of grain dehydration and the removing trend method was used for analysing the results. The actual moisture content of maize grain was divided into trend moisture content, meteorological moisture content, and random error. The relationship between meteorological moisture content and meteorological factors in the Yellow-Huai-Hai Rivers area was clarified. The main meteorological factors affecting grain dehydration before and after physiological maturity of maize grain were screened out stepwise regression and path analysis methods. The meteorological moisture content of maize grain had significant or extremely significant correlation with most meteorological factors which were average temperature (x1), average wind speed (x5) and evaporation (x11) selected before physiological maturity, and the average temperature (x1) and the average relative humidity (x7) selected after the physiological maturity. The evaporation most contributed before the physiological maturity, while temperature and wind speed had indirect effect through evaporation. After physiological maturity, temperature and relative humidity were mainly direct effects, and the effect of relative humidity was slightly greater than that of temperature. The removing trend method used in this study is more scientific in both theoretical and practical operations. The results are also more credible and this method is of reference value to other similar researches.

Key words: summer maize, grain dehydration, moisture content, meteorological factors, removing trend analysis

表1

2015-2017年新乡试验点基本气象资料"

项目 Item 2015 2016 2017
平均温度Average temperature (℃) 15.593 15.904 16.180
最高温度 Maximum temperature (℃) 20.621 21.000 21.526
最低温度 Minimum temperature (℃) 11.332 11.677 11.604
日生长度 Average growing degree days 8.103 8.495 8.617
气温日较差 Diurnal temperature range (℃) 9.289 9.323 9.922
日降水量 Daily precipitation (mm) 1.541 2.717 1.099
风速 Wind speed (m s-1) 2.049 1.999 2.079
最大风速 Maximum wind speed (m s-1) 4.735 4.622 4.689
相对湿度 Relative humidity (%) 61.071 60.232 59.800
日照时数 Sunshine hours (h) 5.275 5.572 6.104
无霜期天数 Frostless season days (d) 256 254 260
无霜期起始日期 Start date of frostless season 2015/3/11 2016/3/12 2017/3/3
无霜期结束日期 End date of frostless season 2015/11/22 2016/11/21 2017/11/18
大于0℃积温 Over 0℃ accumulated temperature (℃) 5710.8 5868.2 5911.7
大于10℃积温 Over 10℃ accumulated temperature (℃) 2786.3 2913.6 2958.9
总生长度 Total growing degree days 2957.5 3109.3 3145.05
累积降水量 Cumulative precipitation (mm) 562.4 994.3 401.1
累积日照时数Cumulative sunshine hours (h) 1925.5 2039.5 2228

图1

玉米取样期间部分气象资料"

图2

不同玉米品种的授粉后积温与籽粒含水率的关系 JNK728: 京农科728; ZD958: 郑单958; XY335: 先玉335; NH816: 农华816。"

图3

不同玉米品种的气象含水率与授粉后积温的关系 品种名称同图2。"

表2

不同阶段气象含水率与气象因子的相关系数"

气象因子
Meteorological factor		 生理成熟前
Before physiological maturity		 生理成熟后
After physiological maturity		 全生育期
Full growth period
平均温度x1 -0.5668** 0.4514** 0.2473**
最高温度x2 -0.5308** 0.3687** 0.2041**
最低温度x3 -0.5438** 0.4969** 0.2771**
气温日较差x4 -0.0569 -0.2952** -0.2264**
平均风速x5 -0.1854 -0.3103** -0.2331**
最大风速x6 -0.1600 -0.3952** -0.2959**
平均相对湿度x7 0.0835 0.5709** 0.4146**
最小相对湿度x8 0.0422 0.5248** 0.3498**
日照时数x9 -0.2274* -0.2132* -0.1624*
太阳辐射x10 -0.4143** 0.0508 -0.0004
蒸发量x11 -0.5743** 0.2213* 0.0733

表3

气象含水率与气象因子的逐步回归结果"

方程Equation R2
生理成熟前 Before physiological maturity y=0.37494x1+5.55477x5-4.94533x11+2.97332 0.4650**
生理成熟后 After physiological maturity y=0.13915x1+10.82154x7-9.41603 0.3845**
全生育期 Full growth period y= -0.86465x5+9.30528x7-4.75623 0.1884**

表4

气象含水率与气象因子的通径分析"

自变量
Independent variable		 相关系数ri
Correlation coefficient		 直接作用
Pi
Direct action		 间接作用
Indirect effect
生理成熟前 总和Total x1 x5 x11
Before physiological maturity x1 -0.5668 0.58472 -1.15149 0.08007 -1.23155
x5 -0.1854 0.99096 -1.17629 0.047245 -1.22353
x11 -0.5743 -1.7067 1.132353 0.421934 0.710419
生理成熟后 总和Total x1 x7
After physiological maturity x1 0.4514 0.26433 0.187076 0.187076
x7 0.5709 0.46444 0.106472 0.106472
全生育期 总和Total x5 x7
Full growth period x5 -0.2331 -0.133 -0.10009 -0.10009
x7 0.4146 0.37956 0.035072 0.035072

表5

各因子对气象含水率的决定系数和R2贡献度"

生理成熟前 Before physiological maturity 生理成熟后 After physiological maturity 全生育期 Full growth period
决定系数
Coefficient		 R2贡献度
Contribution		 决定系数
Coefficient		 R2贡献度
Contribution		 决定系数
Coefficient		 R2贡献度
Contribution
d1 0.341897 r1·P1 -0.33142 d1 0.06987 r1·P1 0.119319 d5 0.017689 r5·P5 0.031002
d5 0.982002 r5·P5 -0.18372 d7 0.215705 r7·P7 0.265149 d7 0.144066 r7·P7 0.157366
d11 2.912825 r11·P11 0.980158 de 0.615533 de 0.811632
de 0.534985 d1,7 0.0989 d5,7 0.026624
d1,5 0.093637
d1,11 -1.44023
d5,11 -2.42494
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