作物学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (3): 408-422.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.92027
杨志远1,李娜1,马鹏1,严田蓉1,何艳1,蒋明金1,吕腾飞1,李郁1,郭翔2,胡蓉3,郭长春1,孙永健1,马均1,*()
Zhi-Yuan YANG1,Na LI1,Peng MA1,Tian-Rong YAN1,Yan HE1,Ming-Jin JIANG1,Teng-Fei LYU1,Yu LI1,Xiang GUO2,Rong HU3,Chang-Chun GUO1,Yong-Jian SUN1,Jun MA1,*()
摘要:
本研究通过3个裂区试验探究水肥“三匀”技术对水稻水、氮利用效率的影响。试验1和试验2土壤基础肥力不同, 处理一致, 主区为氮高效品种德香4103和氮低效品种宜香3724, 副区为农民习惯施肥模式(farmer’s usual management, FU)、水肥耦合模式(nitrogen-water coupling management, NWC)、水肥“三匀”模式(methodical nitrogen- water distribution management, MNWD, 采用灌溉水和氮肥投入增频减量一体化的方式), 以各自不施氮肥为对照; 试验3主区为氮高效品种德香4103、F优498及氮低效品种宜香3724、川优6203, 副区为FU、NWC及MNWD。结果表明, MNWD施氮量较NMC和FU降低20%, 灌溉水较NMC减少20%~25%, 较FU减少42%~48%。MNWD茎蘖缓升缓降, 成穗率较高, 与NWC和FU相比, 其花前物质转运量较低, 但花后光合产物积累多, 与NWC产量差异不显著, 较FU平均增产8.77%~14.18%。相关分析显示, 10~20 cm及20~30 cm土层稻株根干重与氮肥回收率、氮肥农学利用率、灌溉水生产效率及水分生产效率显著正相关, MNWD水稻根量大, 分布于10 cm以下土层的根系发达, 利于水氮利用效率提高。与NWC和FU相比, MNWD氮肥回收率平均提高8.07%~11.99%和20.72%~30.78%, 农学利用率平均提高17.44%~27.38%和96.47%~101.42%, 灌溉水生产效率平均提高23.34%~36.67%和76.54%~117.38%, 水分生产效率平均提高8.41%~17.66%和32.23%~65.29%。
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