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作物学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (4): 544-556.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.91041

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

稻茬小麦氮高效品种产量构成和群体质量特征

丁永刚1,李福建1,王亚华1,汤小庆1,杜同庆2,朱敏1,李春燕1,朱新开1,丁锦峰1,*(),郭文善1,*()   

  1. 1 江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室 / 江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室 / 江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心 / 扬州大学小麦研究中心, 江苏扬州 225009
    2 睢宁县植物保护技术指导站, 江苏徐州 221200
  • 收稿日期:2019-06-24 接受日期:2019-12-26 出版日期:2020-04-12 网络出版日期:2020-01-14
  • 通讯作者: 丁锦峰,郭文善
  • 作者简介:E-mail: 2659307381@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300405);国家自然科学基金项目(31771711);江苏省现代农业(小麦)产业技术体系建设项目, 江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目, 江苏高校品牌专业建设工程项目(PPZY2015A060);扬州大学科技创新团队项目资助

Characteristics of yield components and population quality in high-nitrogen- utilization wheat cultivars

DING Yong-Gang1,LI Fu-Jian1,WANG Ya-Hua1,TANG Xiao-Qing1,DU Tong-Qing2,ZHU Min1,LI Chun-Yan1,ZHU Xin-Kai1,DING Jin-Feng1,*(),GUO Wen-Shan1,*()   

  1. 1 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology / Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops / Wheat Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
    2 Suining Plant Protection Management Station, Xuzhou 221200, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2019-06-24 Accepted:2019-12-26 Published:2020-04-12 Published online:2020-01-14
  • Contact: Jin-Feng DING,Wen-Shan GUO
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300405);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31771711);the Technology System of Modern Agriculture Industry (Wheat) in Jiangsu Province, the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, the Top-notch Academic Programs Project of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PPZY2015A060);the Science and Technology Innovation Team of Yangzhou University

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摘要：

在稻麦两熟条件下, 将2016—2017和2017—2018年江苏扬州参试的24个和江苏睢宁参试的23个小麦品种按氮肥表观利用率(NUR)划分为高效(NUR≥50%)、中效(NUR 40%~50%)和低效(NUR≤40%)品种类型, 比较其产量、产量构成因素和群体质量指标的差异, 为稻茬小麦品种选用和大面积高产高效生产提供参考。结果表明, 两年度在扬州均表现出高效的品种为扬麦25和宁麦21, 在睢宁为淮麦35。扬州和睢宁氮高效品种产量分别高于6500 kg hm -2和7000 kg hm -2, 均显著高于其他类型。与氮中效和氮低效品种相比, 氮高效品种具有较高的穗数, 穗粒数和千粒重品种类型间差异不显著。不同品种间产量和穗数与NUR均呈线性正相关。氮高效品种具有较高的孕穗期和开花期茎蘖数, 分蘖成穗率, 乳熟期叶面积指数, 孕穗期、开花期和成熟期干物质积累量, 花后干物质积累量和成熟期各营养器官干物质积累量。不同氮效率品种类型间花前干物质转运量和收获指数差异不显著。相关性分析表明, 两地不同品种类型间孕穗期和开花期茎蘖数、乳熟期LAI、主要生育时期干物质积累量、花后和成熟期各营养器官干物质积累量均与氮肥表观利用率呈极显著线性正相关。表明稻茬小麦氮高效品种生育早期表现出较强分蘖能力, 且生育后期具有较高叶面积指数和光合生产能力, 可用于灌浆的花后同化物质较多。本研究初步提出成熟期干物质积累量16,000~20,000 kg hm -2和花后干物质积量4100~6700 kg hm -2可作为稻茬小麦高产高效品种的筛选指标。

关键词: 稻茬小麦, 品种, 氮肥表观利用率, 产量构成, 群体质量

Abstract:

In the rice-wheat rotation system, 24 and 23 wheat cultivars were separately planted in Yangzhou and Suining of Jiangsu province in 2016-2017 and 2017-2018. According to nitrogen utilization rate (NUR), these cultivars were clustered into three groups, i.e., NUR-H (NUR ≥ 50%), NUR-M (NUR 40%-50%), and NUR-L (NUR ≤ 40%), to identify the differences in grain yield, yield components, and population quality, which would provide a reference for cultivar selection for high-yield and high-efficiency in wheat production. Yangmai 25 and Ningmai 21 in Yangzhou and Huaimai 35 in Suining showed NUR-H phenotypes in consecutive two years. Grain yield of the NUR-H cultivars was more than 6500 kg hm -2 in Yangzhou and 7000 kg hm -2 in Suining, which were significantly higher than those of NUR-M and NUR-L groups. NUR-H group had more spikes, and it grains per spike and 1000-grain weight were not significantly different from those of the other groups. Grain yield and spikes number were significantly positively correlated with NUR among different cultivars. More stem and tiller number, higher percentage of fertile tillers and higher leaf area index (LAI) at the milk-ripening stage were shown in the NUR-H group. A higher dry matter accumulation at stages of booting, anthesis, and maturity, after anthesis, and in the vegetative organs at maturity were found in the NUR-H group. However, there were no differences in dry matter remobilization and harvest index among different cultivars. Number of stems and tillers at booting and anthesis, LAI at the milk-ripe stage, and dry matter accumulation at each stage after anthesis, and in the vegetative organs at maturity were significantly positively correlated with NUR in the all cultivar in two sites. A vigorous tillering capacity at the early growing phase and a higher LAI and photosynthetic production at the late growth stages could be observed in NUR-H cultivars, resulting in more photosynthate for grain-filling. Furthermore, the critical parameters of cultivar screening for high-yield and high-efficiency in wheat following rice were proposed, that is 16,000-20,000 kg hm -2 dry matter accumulation at maturity and 4100-6700 kg hm -2 dry matter accumulation after anthesis.

Key words: wheat following rice, varieties, nitrogen utilization rate, yield components, population quality characteristics

图1

小麦不同生育阶段的积温、日照和降雨量 SD: 播种; BW: 越冬始期; EL: 拔节期; BS: 孕穗期; MS: 成熟期。"

表1

参试的各类型小麦品种"

年份
Year		 地点
Site		 品种类型
Variety type		 氮肥表观
利用率
NUR range (%)		 统计数
Number		 品种
Cultivars
2016-2017 扬州 Yangzhou 氮高效 NUR-H ≥50 8 宁麦22 Ningmai 22, #扬麦25 Yangmai 25, #宁麦21 Ningmai 21, 扬麦21 Yangmai 21, 扬麦23 Yangmai 23, 扬辐麦4号 Yangfumai 4, 扬辐麦1025 Yangfumai 1025, 华麦7号 Huamai 7
氮中效 NUR-M 40-50 8 #扬麦13 Yangmai 13, 镇麦12 Zhenmai 12, 华麦6号 Huamai 6, 安农1124 Annong 1124, 苏麦188 Sumai 188, 镇麦11 Zhenmai 11, 扬麦20 Yangmai 20, 扬麦22 Yangmai 22
氮低效 NUR-L ≤40 8 浩麦1号 Haomai 1, #扬辐麦2054 Yangfumai 2054, #生选6号 Shengxuan 6, #宁麦23 Ningmai 23, #宁麦13 Ningmai 13, 苏麦11 Sumai 11, 扬麦16 Yangmai 16, #苏麦10号Sumai 10
氮高效 NUR-H ≥50 4 #淮麦35 Huaimai 35, 瑞华520 Ruihua 520, 冠麦1号Guanmai 1, 江麦919 Jiangmai 919
睢宁 Suining
 氮中效 NUR-M 40-50 13 中育麦1211 Zhongyumai 1211, #保麦5号 Baomai 5, 烟农19 Yannong 19, 烟农999 Yannong 999, #淮麦33 Huaimai 33, 保麦6号 Baomai 6, 徐麦9158 Xumai 9158, #山农20 Shannong 20, 新麦26 Xinmai 26, 鄂麦596 Emai 596, 连麦7号 Lianmai 7, 淮麦32 Huaimai 32, 徐麦33 Xumai 33
氮低效 NUR-L ≤40 6 明麦1号 Mingmai 1, 济麦22 Jimai 22, #保麦2号 Baomai 2, #鄂麦580 Emai 580, 郑麦9023 Zhengmai 9023, 安农0711 Annong 0711
2017-2018 扬州 Yangzhou 氮高效 NUR-H ≥50 2 #扬麦25 Yangmai 25, #宁麦21 Ningmai 21
氮中效 NUR-M 40-50 6 苏麦11 Sumai 11, 华麦7号 Huamai 7, 浩麦1号 Haomai 1, 扬麦16 Yangmai 16, #扬麦13 Yangmai 13, 扬辐麦1025 Yangfumai 1025
氮低效 NUR-L ≤40 16 #宁麦13 Ningmai 13, 宁麦22 Ningmai 22, 安农1124 Annong 1124, 苏麦188 Sumai 188, #扬辐麦2054 Yangfumai 2054, 镇麦11 Zhenmai 11, #生选6号 Shengxuan 6, #宁麦23 Ningmai 23, #苏麦10号Sumai 10, 扬麦20 Yangmai 20, 华麦6号 Huamai 6, 扬麦22 Yangmai 22, 扬麦21 Yangmai 21, 扬麦23 Yangmai 23, 扬辐麦4号 Yangfumai 4, 镇麦12号 Zhenmai 12
睢宁 Suining 氮高效 NUR-H ≥50 2 #淮麦35 Huaimai 35, 郑麦9023 Zhengmai 9023
氮中效 NUR-M 40-50 7 安农0711 Annong 0711, 徐麦33 Xumai 33, #保麦5号Baomai 5, 明麦1号 Mingmai 1, 济麦22 Jimai 22, #山农20 Shannong 20, #淮麦33 Huaimai 33
氮低效 NUR-L ≤40 14 #保麦2号Baomai 2, 烟农19 Yannong 19, 徐麦9158 Xumai 9158, 冠麦1号 Guanmai 1, 瑞华520 Ruihua 520, 江麦919 Jiangmai 919, 淮麦32 Huaimai 32, 保麦6号Baomai 6, 中育麦1211 Zhongyumai 1211, 鄂麦596 Emai 596, #鄂麦580 Emai 580, 烟农999 Yannong 999, 新麦26 Xinmai 26, 连麦7号Lianmai 7

表2

不同氮效率品种类型间产量及其构成因素的差异"

年份
Year		 地点
Site		 品种类型
Variety type		 氮肥表观利用率
NUR (%)		 籽粒产量
Grain yield
(kg hm-2)		 穗数
Spike number (×104 hm-2)		 每穗粒数
Grains per spike		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)
2016-2017 扬州
Yangzhou		 氮高效NUR-H 52.4±1.9 a 7439±321 a 362±23 a 44.8±5.2 a 48.6±4.3 a
氮中效 NUR-M 43.2±1.7 b 6530±425 b 330±29 a 43.7±6.1 a 47.4±4.5 a
氮低效 NUR-L 34.9±2.3 c 5410±662 c 294±25 b 42.3±4.2 a 45.7±3.6 a
范围 Range 31.4-55.8 4158-7949 253-400 38.2-50.3 41.1-57.3
平均值 Mean 43.55 6470 331 43.0 47.3
睢宁
Suining		 氮高效 NUR-H 52.4±1.4 a 9064±230 a 513±40 a 40.0±1.8 a 46.6±2.6 a
氮中效 NUR-M 46.2±2.4 b 8564±425 a 500±36 ab 40.1±4.3 a 45.2±1.9 a
氮低效 NUR-L 36.6±2.1 c 7084±767 b 434±53 b 37.4±3.3 a 47.1±2.1 a
范围 Range 33.5-53.5 6186-9370 373-563 33.1-48.8 41.6-50.5
平均值 Mean 44.44 8252 485 39.4 46.0
2017-2018 扬州
Yangzhou		 氮高效 NUR-H 50.8±0.7 a 6964±578 a 433±29 a 41.6±0.9 a 39.9±1.7 a
氮中效 NUR-M 42.8±2.2 b 6397±462 ab 402±20 ab 43.5±3.3 a 39.2±3.1 a
氮低效 NUR-L 37.1±2.3 c 5806±478 b 383±24 b 42.6±3.2 a 38.0±2.7 a
范围 Range 38.9-53.6 4878-7373 324-454 36-47.5 34.2-44.4
平均值 Mean 39.7 6070 393 42.8 38.5
睢宁
Suining		 氮高效 NUR-H 51.3±0.8 a 7097±101 a 505±2.8 a 37.6±0.7 a 41.3±0.6 a
氮中效 NUR-M 41.7±1.6 b 7114±373 a 495±25 a 36.6±3.7 a 42.0±3.5 a
氮低效 NUR-L 31.9±4.1 c 6249±473 b 444±38 b 36.9±1.5 a 39.7±3.2 a.
范围 Range 5237-7860 33.5-53.5 394-545 32.8-43.9 35.4-46.5
平均值 Mean 6533 36.27 463 37.0 40.8

图2

不同小麦品种产量与氮肥表观利用率的关系 *、**分别表示品种类型间差异显著(P < 0.05 )和差异极显著(P < 0.01)。"

图3

不同小麦品种产量构成因素与氮肥表观利用率关系 *表示品种类型间差异显著(P < 0.05 )。"

图4

不同氮效率品种类型间主要生育期茎蘖数差异 图中不同小写字母表示不同氮效率品种类型间差异达0.05显著水平。AS: 开花期; 其他缩写同图1和表1。"

表3

不同小麦品种间氮肥表观利用率与群体质量关键指标的相关性分析"

生长时期
Growth stage		 指标
Parameter		 2016-2017 2017-2018
扬州
Yangzhou		 睢宁
Suining		 扬州
Yangzhou		 睢宁
Suining
拔节期 EL 茎蘖数Stem and tiller number (×104 hm-2) 0.781* 0.605* 0.166 0.223
孕穗期 BS 叶面积指数 LAI 0.765* 0.803* 0.350 0.353
干物质积累量 DMA (kg hm-2) 0.862** 0.701* 0.632* 0.609*
茎蘖数 Stem and tiller number (×104 hm-2) 0.779* 0.625* 0.799* 0.637*
开花期AS 叶面积指数 LAI 0.749* 0.886** 0.568* 0.171
干物质积累量 DMA (kg hm-2) 0.903** 0.717* 0.697* 0.801*
茎蘖数 Stem and tiller number (×104 hm-2) 0.760* 0.619* 0.637* 0.708*
乳熟期 MR 叶面积指数 LAI 0.554* 0.800* 0.536* 0.684*
成熟期 MS 干物质积累量 DMA (kg hm-2) 0.916** 0.802* 0.727* 0.785*
茎秆+叶鞘干物质积累量DMA in stem and leaf sheath (kg hm-2) 0.746* 0.497* 0.753* 0.546*
叶片干物质积累量 DMA in leaf blade (kg hm-2) 0.834* 0.610* 0.572* 0.739*
颖壳+穗轴干物质积累量DMA in rachis and glumes (kg hm-2) 0.842* 0.610* 0.303 0.575*
花后干物质积累量Post-anthesis dry matter (kg hm-2) 0.708* 0.743* 0.739* 0.858*
干物质转运量Dry matter remobilization (kg hm-2) 0.223 0.475 0.529* 0.317
收获指数 Harvest index -0.145 0.222 0.156 -0.093

图5

不同氮效率品种类型间分蘖成穗率的差异 图中不同小写字母表示不同氮效率品种类型间差异达0.05显著水平。"

图6

不同氮效率品种类型间主要生育时期LAI的差异 图中不同字母表示不同氮效率品种类型间差异达0.05显著水平。缩写同图1、表1和图4。"

表4

不同氮效率品种类型间主要生育时期干物质积累量的差异"

年度
Year		 地点
Site		 品种类型
Variety type		 干物质积累量 Dry matter accumulation (kg hm-2)
孕穗期 Booting 开花期 Anthesis 成熟期 Maturity
2016-2017 扬州
Yangzhou		 氮高效 NUR-H 6253±430 a 12728±289 a 18664±617 a
氮中效 NUR-M 4741±566 b 11041±853 b 16121±1566 b
氮低效 NUR-L 4183±636 b 9284±1028 c 13301±1360 c
睢宁
Suining		 氮高效 NUR-H 8958±418 a 13037±1015 a 18954±1087 a
氮中效 NUR-M 8547±582 a 11683±1092 a 17505±1293 a
氮低效 NUR-L 7488±478 b 10104±868 b 14859±1201 b
2017-2018 扬州
Yangzhou		 氮高效 NUR-H 9134±328 a 12372±664 a 16498±790 a
氮中效 NUR-M 8655±278 ab 11279±861 ab 14981±693 b
氮低效 NUR-L 8099±494 b 10335±810 b 13794±941 b
睢宁
Suining		 氮高效 NUR-H 7984±526 a 11704±604 a 16342±332 a
氮中效 NUR-M 7235±752 ab 10295±966 b 14581±1147 b
氮低效 NUR-L 6625±744 b 9195±976 b 13260±1425 b

表5

不同氮效率品种类型间干物质转运量、花后干物质积累量和收获指数的差异"

年度
Year		 地点
Site		 品种类型
Variety type		 干物质转运量
Dry matter remobilization
(kg hm-2 )		 花后干物质积累量
Post-anthesis dry matter
accumulation (kg hm-2 )		 收获指数
Harvest index
2016-2017 扬州
Yangzhou		 氮高效 NUR-H 1448±299 a 6038±539 a 0.35±0.01 a
氮中效 NUR-M 1660±220 a 4889±554 b 0.36±0.02 a
氮低效 NUR-L 1369±366 a 4478±849 b 0.35±0.01 a
睢宁
Suining		 氮高效 NUR-H 3147±213 a 5916±269 a 0.42±0.02 a
氮中效 NUR-M 2743±539 a 5821±528 a 0.44±0.02 a
氮低效 NUR-L 2431±490 a 4778±496 b 0.42±0.02 a
2017-2018 扬州
Yangzhou		 氮高效 NUR-H 2010±251 a 4126±155 a 0.37±0.01 a
氮中效 NUR-M 1719±360 a 3701±348 ab 0.36±0.01 a
氮低效 NUR-L 1604±437 a 3459±386 b 0.37±0.02 a
睢宁
Suining		 氮高效 NUR-H 1768±290 a 4558±391 a 0.38±0.01 a
氮中效 NUR-M 1464±370 a 4243±417 ab 0.39±0.01 a
氮低效 NUR-L 1260±184 a 3923±379 b 0.39±0.01 a

图7

参试品种成熟期和花后干物质积累量与氮肥表观利用率的关系 * 表示相关性显著(P<0.05)。"

表6

不同氮效率品种类型间成熟期营养器官干物质积累量的差异"

年度
Year		 地点
Site		 品种类型
Variety type		 干物质积累量Dry matter accumulation (kg hm-2)
茎秆+叶鞘
Stem and leaf sheath		 叶片
Leaf blade		 穗轴+颖壳
Rachis and glumes
2016-2017 扬州
Yangzhou		 氮高效 NUR-H 5421±276 a 1185±169 a 2268±234 a
氮中效 NUR-M 4598±520 b 1051±169 ab 1980±302 ab
氮低效 NUR-L 4001±629 b 895±176 b 1742±281 b
睢宁
Suining		 氮高效 NUR-H 5787±794 a 2296±453 a 2984±410 a
氮中效 NUR-M 5262±518 ab 2086±411 a 2704±423 a
氮低效 NUR-L 4682±427 b 1487±264 b 2496±327 a
2017-2018 扬州
Yangzhou		 氮高效 NUR-H 6405±275 a 1574±183 a 1770±217 a
氮中效 NUR-M 5872±708 a 1425±295 a 1722±527 a
氮低效 NUR-L 5679±592 a 1338±146 a 1374±243 b
睢宁
Suining		 氮高效 NUR-H 6171±754 a 1612±183 a 1632±201 a
氮中效 NUR-M 5615±716 ab 1528±237 ab 1571±190 ab
氮低效 NUR-L 4926±735 b 1266±195 b 1430±221 b
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