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作物学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (4): 520-531.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.94101

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于表型性状构建中国花生地方品种骨干种质

闫彩霞1,王娟1,张浩1,李春娟1,宋秀霞2,孙全喜1,苑翠玲1,赵小波1,单世华1,*()   

  1. 1 山东省花生研究所, 山东青岛 266100
    2 菏泽市牡丹区农业农村局, 山东菏泽 274000
  • 收稿日期:2019-07-17 接受日期:2019-12-26 出版日期:2020-04-12 网络出版日期:2020-01-17
  • 通讯作者: 单世华
  • 作者简介:E-mail: cxyan335@sina.com, Tel: 0532-87626756
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由泰山学者特聘专家项目(ts201712080);中央引导地方科技发展专项资金, 农业科研杰出人才及其创新团队培养(13190194);青岛市民生科技计划项目(17-3-3-49-nsh);山东省农业良种工程项目(2017LZN033);山东省农业良种工程项目(2017LZGC003);山东省农业产业技术体系项目(SDAIT-04-02);山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程项目资助(CXGC2016A01)

Developing the key germplasm of Chinese peanut landraces based on phenotypic traits

YAN Cai-Xia1,WANG Juan1,ZHANG Hao1,LI Chun-Juan1,SONG Xiu-Xia2,SUN Quan-Xi1,YUAN Cui-Ling1,ZHAO Xiao-Bo1,SHAN Shi-Hua1,*()   

  1. 1 Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao 266100, Shandong, China
    2 Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Mudan District, Heze 274000, Shandong, China
  • Received:2019-07-17 Accepted:2019-12-26 Published:2020-04-12 Published online:2020-01-17
  • Contact: Shi-Hua SHAN
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the Taishan Scholars Project(ts201712080);the Central Guidance for Local Science and Technology, the Outstanding Talents and Innovation Team in Agricultural Research(13190194);the Qingdao Science and Technology Plan for the Public Benefit(17-3-3-49-nsh);the Fine Breeding Project of Shandong Province(2017LZN033);the Fine Breeding Project of Shandong Province(2017LZGC003);the Shandong Agriculture Research System(SDAIT-04-02);the Agricultural Science and Technological Innovation Project of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science(CXGC2016A01)

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摘要：

中国花生地方品种遗传多样性丰富, 是花生新品种选育的重要亲本来源。本研究以种质库保存的2741份地方种质为材料, 基于种植区划和植物学类型分组, 平方根法确定取样量, 组内按13个表型数据进行UPGMA聚类分析, 类内随机取样, 构建骨干种质。利用t检验、F测验、卡方测验、极差、表型保留比例、表型相关性等对骨干种质代表性进行检验和评价; 并利用主成分分析和直方图对骨干种质进行确认。结果表明, 构建了包含259份种质的中国花生地方品种骨干种质, 占全部种质的9.4%, 包括多粒型14份、珍珠豆型85份、龙生型42份、普通型103份、中间型15份。在P < 0.05概率条件下, 骨干种质13个性状的均值、方差、变异系数、香农指数与全部种质无显著差异, 且保留了全部种质的分布范围、表型保留比例和表型相关性; 二者的植物学类型组成和生态分布是一致的, 具有相似的遗传结构和分布频率。建立的骨干种质很好地代表了全部种质的遗传变异和群体结构, 可为花生种质创新和优异等位基因发掘奠定良好的基础。

关键词: 花生, 地方品种, 表型性状, 骨干种质, 代表性评价

Abstract:

Chinese peanut landraces are important parent resources in peanut breeding due to their abundant genetic diversity. In this study, a total of 2741 original accessions from peanut seed bank were divided into 26 groups based on their botanical variety and ecological distribution. The key accessions were established based on the analysis of 13 phenotypic traits by the square root strategy, UPGMA clustering within groups and random sampling in individual clusters, and evaluated by t-test, F-test, Chi-squared test, ranging, the ratio of phenotypic retention, and phenotypic correlation analyses. Finally, the principal components analysis (PCA) and the histogram analysis were used to re-confirm the key germplasm. The total of 259 as a key germplasm was selected, accounting for 9.4% of total accessions, which included 14 of var. fastigiata, 85 of var. vulgaris, 42 of var. hirsuta, 103 of var. hypogaea and 15 of irregular type. There were no significant differences (P < 0.05) in means, variance, coefficient of variation, and Shannon-weaver diversity index for 13 phenotypic traits between key germplasm and entire collection. The key germplasm preserved the distribution range, the ratio of phenotypic retention and the phenotypic correlation of primary collection, with similar composition of botanical variety and ecological distribution. PCA and the histogram confirmed the homogeneity of genetic structure and distribution frequency between two collections. Thus, this key germplasm can represent the genetic variability and population structure of entire collection, and enhance innovation of peanut genetic resources and exploitation of elite alleles.

Key words: peanut, landrace, phenotypic traits, key germplasm, representative evaluation

表1

花生质量性状赋值"

性状Trait 赋值Quantified value
株型
Plant type		 直立 = 1, 半蔓 = 3, 匍匐 = 5
Erect = 1, Semi-spreading = 3, Spreading = 5
开花习性
Flowering habit		 交替 = 1, 连续 = 3
Alternate flowering = 1, Continuous flowering = 3
分枝型
Branching pattern		 密枝 = 1, 疏枝 = 3
Dense branch = 1, Sparse branch = 3
植物学类型
Botanical variety		 多粒型 = 1, 珍珠豆型 = 2, 龙生型 = 3, 普通型 = 4, 中间型 = 5
var. fastigiata = 1, var. vulgaris = 2, var. hirsute = 3, var. hypogaea = 4, Irregular type = 5

表2

骨干种质和全部种质的植物学类型组成、生态分布及其卡方测验"

组成/分布
Composition/distribution		 全部种质
Entire collection		 骨干种质
Key germplasm
植物学类型 多粒型 var. fastigiata 70 (2.6%) 14 (5.41%)
Botanical variety 珍珠豆型 var. vulgaris 1078 (39.3%) 85 (32.8%)
龙生型 var. hirsuta 321 (11.7%) 42 (16.2%)
普通型 var. hypogaea 1140 (41.6%) 103 (39.8%)
中间型 Irregular type 132 (4.8%) 15 (5.8%)
χ2 1.600
P值 P-value 0.809
种植区划 黄河流域花生区 Yellow River basin 870 (31.7%) 75 (29.0%)
Planting zoning 长江流域花生区 Yangtze River basin 726 (26.5%) 75 (29.0%)
东南沿海花生区 The Southeast coast 900 (32.8%) 63 (24.3%)
云贵高原花生区 Yungui Plateau 74 (2.7%) 16 (6.2%)
黄土高原花生区 The Loess Plateau 76 (2.8%) 13 (5.0%)
东北花生区 The Northeast China 93 (3.4%) 15 (5.8%)
西北花生区 The Northwest China 2 (0.1%) 2 (0.8%)
χ2 5.232
P值 P-value 0.514

表3

全部种质与骨干种质13个性状平均值和方差的比较"

性状
Trait		 平均值 Mean 方差 Variance
全部种质
Entire
collection		 骨干种质
Key
germplasm		 显著性
Significance		 全部种质
Entire
collection		 骨干种质
Key
germplasm		 F-值
F-value		 P值
P-value
植物学类型 Botanical variety 3.068 3.077 NS 1.100 1.172 0.019 0.891
株型 Plant type 2.315 2.413 NS 3.177 3.313 0.710 0.400
开花习性 Flowering habit 1.941 1.919 NS 0.998 0.997 0.122 0.727
分枝型 Branching pattern 0.913 0.425 NS 1.297 0.873 1.509 0.219
生育期 Growth period 139.610 138.750 NS 250.093 254.771 0.697 0.404
株高 Plant height 44.074 42.376 NS 328.256 311.667 1.293 0.256
百果重 100-pod weight 158.906 159.467 NS 2244.396 2536.806 0.032 0.857
百仁重 100-seed weight 64.015 63.452 NS 372.911 415.674 0.196 0.658
出仁率 Shelling percentage 72.477 71.890 NS 17.460 24.461 4.352 0.037
粗蛋白含量 Protein content 27.987 27.536 NS 11.531 15.519 3.604 0.058
粗脂肪含量 Oil content 50.120 49.950 NS 10.426 16.950 0.585 0.444
油酸含量 Oleic acid content 46.400 46.370 NS 40.424 44.819 0.047 0.829
亚油酸含量 Linoleic acid content 33.801 33.942 NS 30.800 32.812 0.123 0.725

表4

全部种质与骨干种质极差、变异系数和遗传多样性指数的比较"

性状
Trait		 极差 Range 变异系数 CV (%) 香农多样性指数 H′
全部种质
Entire
collection		 骨干种质
Key
germplasm		 全部种质
Entire
collection		 骨干种质
Key
germplasm		 全部种质
Entire
collection		 骨干种质
Key
germplasm
植物学类型 Botanical variety 1-5 1-5 34.18 35.19 1.22 1.33
株型 Plant type 1-5 1-5 76.97 75.43 0.87 0.90
开花习性 Flowering habit 1-3 1-3 51.43 52.04 0.69 0.69
分枝型 Branching pattern 1-3 1-3 54.54 51.34 0.67 0.69
生育期 Growth period 100-180 100-180 11.33 11.50 1.88 1.94
株高 Plant height 7.9-95.0 7.9-93.8 34.18 41.66 2.07 2.05
百果重 100-pod weight 45.2-356.0 52.0-324.3 29.81 31.58 2.02 2.05
百仁重 100-seed weight 25.0-190.1 25.0-131.2 30.17 32.13 1.84 1.90
出仁率 Shelling percentage 50.37-95.2 51.3-85.9 5.77 6.88 1.98 2.08
粗蛋白含量 Protein content 13.7-52.7 13.7-48.7 12.13 14.31 1.96 2.01
粗脂肪含量 Oil content 22.1-61.2 24.8-60.6 6.44 8.24 1.94 2.00
油酸含量 Oleic acid content 28.5-72.8 29.4-72.8 13.74 14.44 2.02 2.03
亚油酸含量 Linoleic acid content 12.6-50.7 12.6-45.6 16.42 16.88 2.04 2.06
平均值 Average 29.009±5.964 30.125±5.765 1.631±0.153 1.671±0.154
P值 P-value 0.123 0.002

表5

全部种质与骨干种质13个性状的分布频率和表型保留比例的比较"

性状
Trait		 级数
Number of classes		 Chi-square值
χ2		 P值
P-value		 表型保留比例
RPR
植物学类型Botanical variety 5 14.078 0.007 1.30
株型Plant type 3 0.723 0.697 1.01
开花习性Flowering habit 2 0.122 0.727 1.00
分枝型Branching pattern 2 1.509 0.219 1.03
生育期Growth period 10 7.851 0.549 1.15
株高Plant height 10 3.264 0.917 0.98
百果重100-pod weight 10 3.289 0.952 1.13
百仁重100-seed weight 10 11.810 0.224 2.07
出仁率Shelling percentage 10 9.030 0.435 1.15
粗蛋白含量Protein content 10 6.993 0.638 1.08
粗脂肪含量Oil content 10 11.778 0.226 1.20
油酸含量Oleic acid content 10 2.729 0.974 1.06
亚油酸含量Linoleic acid content 10 1.659 0.996 1.04

表6

在全部种质和骨干种质中均显著相关的性状"

性状
Trait		 全部种质
Entire collection		 骨干种质
Key germplasm
生育期-百果重Growth period-100-pod weight 0.334** 0.195**
生育期-百仁重Growth period-100-seed weight 0.356** 0.171**
生育期-出仁率Growth period-shelling percentage -0.086** -0.171**
生育期-开花习性Growth period-flowering habit -0.736** -0.558**
生育期-株型Growth period-plant type 0.609** 0.552**
生育期-株高Growth period-plant height -0.219** -0.145
生育期-粗蛋白含量Growth period-protein content -0.267** -0.308**
生育期-粗脂肪含量Growth period-oil content -0.185** -0.030
生育期-油酸含量Growth period-oleic acid content 0.296** 0.128
生育期-亚油酸含量Growth period-linoleic acid content -0.279** -0.077
生育期-植物学类型Growth period-botanical variety 0.630** 0.441**
生育期-分枝型Growth period-branching pattern -0.851** -0.801**
百果重-百仁重100-pod weight-100-seed weight 0.908** 0.873**
百果重-粗脂肪含量100-pod weight-oil content -0.187** -0.010
百果重-株高100-pod weight-plant height -0.162** 0.087
百果重-油酸含量100-pod weight-oleic acid content 0.168** 0.111
百果重-亚油酸含量100-pod weight-linoleic acid content -0.209** -0.154**
百果重-株型100-pod weight-plant type 0.068** -0.056
百果重-开花习性100-pod weight-flowering habit -0.359** -0.249**
百果重-分枝型100-pod weight-branching pattern -0.479** -0.431**
百果重-植物学类型100-pod weight-botanical variety 0.469** 0.362**
百仁重-粗脂肪含量100-pod weight-oil content -0.193** -0.026
百仁重-油酸含量100-pod weight-oleic acid content 0.189** 0.119
百仁重-亚油酸含量100-seed weight-linoleic acid content -0.225** -0.159*
百仁重-株高100-seed weight-plant height -0.139** 0.109
百仁重-株型100-seed weight-plant type 0.071** -0.092
百仁重-开花习性100-seed weight-flowering habit -0.404** -0.286**
百仁重-分枝型100-seed weight-branching pattern -0.515** -0.485**
百仁重-植物学类型100-seed weight-botanical variety 0.533** 0.481**
粗蛋白含量-粗脂肪含量Protein content-oil content -0.423** -0.582**
粗蛋白含量-株型Protein content-plant type -0.186** -0.185**
粗蛋白含量-株高Protein content-plant height 0.091** 0.007
粗蛋白含量-开花习性Protein content-flowering habit 0.172** 0.209**
粗蛋白含量-植物学类型Protein content-botanical variety -0.265** -0.232**
性状
Trait		 全部种质
Entire collection		 骨干种质
Key germplasm
粗脂肪含量-油酸含量Oil content-oleic acid content 0.064** 0.080
粗脂肪含量-亚油酸含量Oil content-linoleic acid content -0.083** -0.135*
粗脂肪含量-出仁率Oil content-shelling percentage 0.141** 0.048
粗脂肪含量-株高Oil content-plant height 0.110** 0.142
粗脂肪含量-开花习性Oil content-flowering habit 0.133** -0.027
粗脂肪含量-分枝型Oil content-branching pattern 0.321** 0.194
粗脂肪含量-植物学类型Oil content-botanical variety -0.147** -0.063
油酸含量-亚油酸含量Oleic acid content-linoleic acid content -0.932** -0.930**
油酸含量-株型Oleic acid content-plant type 0.428** 0.307**
油酸含量-株高Oleic acid content-plant height -0.082** -0.064
油酸含量-开花习性Oleic acid content-flowering habit -0.509** -0.343**
油酸含量-植物学类型Oleic acid content-botanical variety 0.333** 0.172*
油酸含量-分枝型Oleic acid content-branching pattern -0.789** -0.685**
亚油酸含量-出仁率Linoleic acid content-shelling percentage -0.107** -0.121
亚油酸含量-株型Linoleic acid content-plant type -0.398** -0.282**
亚油酸含量-开花习性Linoleic acid content-flowering habit 0.486** 0.314**
亚油酸含量-分枝型Linoleic acid content-branching pattern 0.781** 0.768**
亚油酸含量-植物学类型Linoleic acid content-botanical variety -0.273** -0.121
株高-植物学类型Plant height-botanical variety -0.322** -0.272**
株高-开花习性Plant height-flowering habit 0.357** 0.287**
株高-株型Plant height-plant type -0.292** -0.350**
株型-开花习性Plant type-flowering habit -0.685** -0.692**
株型-分枝型Plant type-branching pattern -0.600** -0.725**
株型-植物学类型Plant type-botanical variety 0.417** 0.350**
开花习性-分枝型Flowering habit-branching pattern 0.966** 0.965**
开花习性-出仁率Flowering habit-shelling percentage 0.076** 0.014
植物学类型-开花习性Botanical variety-flowering habit -0.719** -0.625**
植物学类型-出仁率Botanical variety-shelling percentage -0.116** -0.079
分枝型-出仁率Branching pattern-shelling percentage 0.220** 0.091
分枝型-植物学类型Branching pattern-botanical variety -0.820** -0.660**

图1

全部种质与9.4%取样比例骨干种质的样品主成分分布图 A: 全部种质的样品分布图; B: 骨干种质的样品分布图。"

图2

全部种质与骨干种质的13个相关性状频次直方图"

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