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作物学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (10): 1539-1556.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.91077
马艳明1,2(
), 娄鸿耀1, 陈朝燕1, 肖菁2, 徐麟2, 倪中福1, 刘杰1,*()
MA Yan-Ming1,2(), LOU Hong-Yao1, CHEN Zhao-Yan1, XIAO Jing2, XU Lin2, NI Zhong-Fu1, LIU Jie1,*()
摘要：
新疆是我国西北重要的小麦优势产区和消费区。解析新疆冬小麦地方品种与育成品种之间的遗传多样性和亲缘关系, 对新疆冬小麦育种中杂交组合的合理选配以及后代选择具有重要的指导意义。本研究利用小麦55K SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism)芯片对134份新疆冬小麦地方品种及54份育成品种进行全基因组扫描, 估算其品种间的遗传距离, 揭示其遗传多样性。结果表明, 所有 SNP 位点的多态性比率达到95.62% (50,743/53,063)。每条染色体分布1068~2616个多态性位点, 多态性标记在基因组间分布呈现 A>B>D。188个品种间的两两遗传距离在0.002~0.723之间, 平均为0.378。其中134个地方品种两两之间的遗传距离在0.002~0.400之间, 平均为0.070; 54个育成品种两两之间的遗传距离在0.004~0.337之间, 平均为0.114; 134个地方品种与54个育成品种之间的遗传距离在0.605~0.723之间, 平均为0.699。聚类结果显示可将所有材料分为10个不同类群。综合SNP和系谱分析, 育成品种与地方品种之间的遗传差异最大, 其次是育成品种之间, 而地方品种之间遗传差异最小。鉴于育成与地方品种之间较大的遗传差异, 新疆冬小麦品种可以利用地方种来丰富其育种的种质基础, 拓宽遗传背景, 进而提高当地小麦育种水平。本研究为新疆冬小麦品种选育和改良提供了重要的理论指导。
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