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作物学报

作物学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (12): 1997-2007.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.01034

• 研究简报 • 上一篇    下一篇

新疆冬小麦品种农艺及产量性状遗传多样性分析

马艳明1,2(), 冯智宇1, 王威2, 张胜军3, 郭营4, 倪中福1, 刘杰1,*()   

  1. 1中国农业大学农学院, 北京 100193
    2新疆农业科学院农作物品种资源研究所, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830091
    3伊犁州农业科学研究所, 新疆伊宁 835011
    4山东农业大学农学院, 山东泰安 271018
  • 收稿日期:2020-04-16 接受日期:2020-07-02 出版日期:2020-08-17 网络出版日期:2020-04-28
  • 通讯作者: 刘杰
  • 基金资助:
    国家科技部、财政部国家农作物种质资源共享服务平台(新疆)项目(NICGR2015-029)

Genetic diversity analysis of winter wheat landraces and modern bred varieties in Xinjiang based on agronomic traits

MA Yan-Ming1,2(), FENG Zhi-Yu1, WANG Wei2, ZHANG Sheng-Jun3, GUO Ying4, NI Zhong-Fu1, LIU Jie1,*()   

  1. 1College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
    2Institute of Crop Germplasm Resource, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, Xinjiang, China
    3Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Ili Prefecture, Yining 835011, Xinjiang, China
    4College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
  • Received:2020-04-16 Accepted:2020-07-02 Published:2020-08-17 Published online:2020-04-28
  • Contact: LIU Jie
  • Supported by:
    National Ministry of Science and Technology and the Ministry of Finance’s National Crop Germplasm Resources Sharing Service Plat-form (Xinjiang) Project(NICGR2015-029)

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摘要：

产量是小麦育种最重要的目标性状之一, 而农艺性状能直观反映品种的优劣。为了研究新疆冬小麦品种资源农艺、产量性状遗传多样性演变以及对不同生态环境的适应性, 本研究以134份新疆冬小麦地方品种和54份现代育成品种为材料, 分别在新疆乌鲁木齐、新疆伊宁和山东泰安3个不同的生态试验点进行了连续2年的田间种植和农艺性状观察。结果表明, 9个农艺及产量性状的广义遗传力由大到小排序依次为: 株高>粒宽>籽粒长宽比>穗长>小穗数>千粒重>穗粒数>粒长>结实小穗数。进一步对9个农艺性状相关性进行分析, 证明各性状之间并不是相互独立的, 而是彼此相互关联。对新疆冬小麦地方品种与育成品种在不同生态环境下农艺性状的差异进行比较发现, 地方品种的株高、穗长、籽粒长宽比大于育成品种, 而穗粒数、千粒重、粒长、粒宽均小于育成品种, 育成品种农艺及产量性状的变异系数高于地方品种, 体现出近年来新疆小麦育种对株高、穗长、小穗数、穗粒数、籽粒长宽比等农艺性状的重点改良。以上研究结果可为不同地域小麦育种亲本的选择提供重要的参考依据。

关键词: 新疆, 冬小麦, 地方品种, 育成品种, 农艺及产量性状, 多样性

Abstract:

Grain yield is one of the most important goals in wheat breeding, and agronomic or yield-related traits can directly reflect the characteristics of varieties. In order to determine the evolution of genetic diversity in agronomic traits of Xinjiang winter wheat varieties and their adaptabilities to different ecological environments, 134 winter wheat landraces and 54 moderns bred varieties from Xinjiang were selected for agronomic trait investigation. They were planted in three different ecological environments (Urumqi and Yining in Xinjiang province, and Tai’an in Shandong province) for two consecutive growth seasons, and nine agronomic and yield-related traits were surveyed and analyzed. The estimated broad sense heritability of nine agronomic and yield traits was in descending order: plant height > grain width > grain length/width ratio > spike length > spikelet number > thousand- kernel weight > grain number per spike > grain length > fertile spikelet number. Correlation analyses of nine agronomic and yield traits showed that these traits were correlated with each other. It was found that the plant height, spike length and grain length/width ratio of landraces were higher than that in modern bred varieties, but the grain number per spike, thousand kernel weight, grain length and grain width in landraces were less than that in modern bred varieties. However, the correlation coefficient of these nine traits was higher in modern bred varieties than that in landraces. These variations reflected the evolution of Xinjiang winter wheat varieties in agronomic traits in recent years. This study may provide important information for breeders to select the breeding parents in different winter wheat regions.

Key words: Xinjiang, winter wheat, landrace, modern bred varieties, agronomic and yield-related traits, genetic diversity

表1

试验点情况说明"

序号
No.		 编号
Code		 年份
Year		 地点
Location		 经度
Longitude		 纬度
Latitude
E1 UR2017 2017 新疆乌鲁木齐Urumqi, Xinjiang 86.22°E 44.31°N
E2 UR2018 2018 新疆乌鲁木齐Urumqi, Xinjiang 86.22°E 44.31°N
E3 YN2017 2017 新疆伊宁Yining, Xinjiang 81.32°E 43.92°N
E4 YN2018 2018 新疆伊宁Yining, Xinjiang 81.32°E 43.92°N
E5 TA2017 2017 山东泰安Tai’an, Shandong 117.17°E 36.17°N
E6 TA2018 2018 山东泰安Tai’an, Shandong 117.17°E 36.17°N

表2

188份小麦品种目标性状描述性统计分析"

性状
Trait		 环境
Environment		 最小值
Min.		 最大值
Max.		 平均值
Mean		 标准差
SD		 变异系数
CV (%)		 广义遗传力
H2 (%)
株高 E1 47.97 142.40 114.25 22.31 19.53 92.58
PH (cm) E2 48.48 146.34 116.56 20.12 17.26
E3 47.34 147.82 114.24 18.56 16.25
E4 53.00 148.20 112.94 19.10 16.91
E5 59.68 144.40 117.14 15.54 13.27
E6 55.02 136.48 112.97 14.50 12.83
穗长 E1 7.40 15.28 11.07 1.31 11.81 79.61
SL (cm) E2 7.62 15.61 11.41 1.42 12.41
E3 7.60 15.36 11.25 1.58 14.01
E4 8.22 16.50 11.95 1.56 13.05
E5 8.60 17.47 11.93 1.45 12.12
E6 8.18 17.54 11.43 1.46 13.16
小穗数 E1 16.40 26.00 19.91 1.41 7.10 75.26
SN (个) E2 15.27 25.41 20.45 1.70 8.15
E3 15.25 25.00 20.58 1.68 8.17
E4 15.00 26.20 20.47 2.05 10.01
E5 16.80 28.00 20.13 1.51 7.50
E6 16.20 25.40 20.51 1.58 7.72
结实小穗数 E1 16.00 26.00 19.10 1.36 7.10 60.44
FSN (个) E2 15.18 24.16 19.34 1.51 7.61
E3 15.25 24.00 19.71 1.59 8.22
E4 15.00 25.20 19.46 1.90 9.30
E5 15.20 27.20 19.89 1.57 7.95
E6 14.80 29.00 19.67 1.76 9.45
穗粒数 E1 26.43 82.00 46.82 7.02 14.98 68.21
GNPS (个) E2 28.56 83.80 49.60 6.59 13.29
E3 24.40 83.60 52.23 8.54 16.35
E4 27.80 80.00 51.95 9.95 19.15
E5 25.60 75.00 47.98 7.85 16.36
E6 21.90 73.50 42.21 8.29 19.64
性状
Trait		 环境
Environment		 最小值
Min.		 最大值
Max.		 平均值
Mean		 标准差
SD		 变异系数
CV (%)		 广义遗传力
H2 (%)
千粒重 E1 17.97 48.72 24.29 5.16 21.24 71.56
TKW (g) E2 13.90 49.89 25.63 4.96 19.35
E3 12.30 43.90 24.57 4.23 29.43
E4 13.49 43.78 23.76 4.07 17.13
E5 12.12 48.91 25.49 6.97 27.34
E6 19.78 52.51 29.70 6.98 23.50
粒长 E1 5.92 8.85 7.38 0.46 6.23 64.25
GL (mm) E2 5.92 8.18 6.94 0.49 7.06
E3 5.76 7.90 6.46 0.34 5.26
E4 5.73 8.10 6.48 0.41 6.33
E5 5.70 7.61 6.43 0.35 5.44
E6 5.71 7.63 6.48 0.35 5.40
粒宽 E1 2.29 3.63 3.23 0.36 11.11 83.90
GW (mm) E2 2.14 3.68 3.17 0.26 8.12
E3 2.24 3.65 2.72 0.33 12.33
E4 2.18 3.58 2.63 0.26 9.68
E5 2.26 3.54 2.67 0.27 10.06
E6 2.35 3.52 2.78 0.26 9.32
粒长/粒宽 E1 1.85 2.88 2.33 0.23 10.01 80.02
GL/GW E2 1.88 2.68 2.24 0.18 8.13
E3 1.88 3.00 2.45 0.26 10.61
E4 1.99 3.00 2.51 0.19 7.37
E5 1.79 2.95 2.38 0.23 9.85
E6 1.85 2.88 2.33 0.23 10.01

表3

不同环境下各农艺产量性状相关系数分析"

性状
Trait		 株高
PH		 穗长
SL		 结实小穗数
FSN		 小穗数
SN		 穗粒数
GNPS		 千粒重
TKW		 粒长
GL		 粒宽
GW		 籽粒长宽比
GL/GW
PH E1 0.486** 0.258** 0.319** -0.496** -0.612** 0.458** -0.099 -0.451**
SL 0.597** 0.668** 0.615** 0.106 -0.299** 0.385** 0.090 -0.285**
FSN 0.527** 0.710** 0.881** 0.346** -0.119 0.205** 0.098 -0.134
SN 0.575** 0.638** 0.934** 0.248** -0.100 0.088 0.099 -0.027
GNPS -0.247** 0.296** 0.378** 0.234** 0.237** -0.147 0.038 0.174*
TKW -0.368** -0.129 -0.200** -0.273** -0.009 -0.614** 0.186* 0.661**
GL 0.376** 0.433** 0.111 0.061 0.010 -0.345** 0.081 -0.782**
GW 0.003 0.160* -0.044 -0.134 -0.013 0.355** 0.284** 0.482**
GL/GW -0.364** -0.242** -0.180* -0.215** -0.010 0.629** -0.562** 0.620** E2
PH E3 0.530** 0.461** 0.531** -0.238** -0.305** 0.355** -0.188* -0.421**
SL 0.430** 0.585** 0.498** 0.046 -0.187* 0.272** 0.135 -0.194*
FSN 0.200** 0.332** 0.862** 0.329** -0.086 0.096 0.032 -0.072
SN 0.332** 0.394** 0.929** 0.179* -0.116 0.041 -0.134 -0.110
GNPS -0.189* -0.035 0.617** 0.448** 0.240** -0.343** -0.109 0.274**
TKW -0.015 -0.043 0.122 0.020 0.183* -0.680** 0.248** 0.756**
GL 0.085 0.193* -0.253** -0.173* -0.375** -0.474** 0.052 -0.883**
GW -0.358** -0.145 -0.128 -0.197* 0.110 0.435** 0.048 0.395**
GL/GW -0.341** -0.255 0.131 0.024 0.371** 0.639** -0.775** 0.562** E4
PH E5 0.427** 0.312** 0.234** -0.281** -0.266** 0.237** -0.145 -0.336**
SL 0.376** 0.483** 0.503** 0.153* -0.121 0.174* 0.096 -0.125
FSN 0.179* 0.184* 0.932** 0.433** 0.157* -0.269** -0.036 0.245**
SN 0.192** 0.167* 0.908** 0.319** 0.077 -0.219** -0.087 0.166*
GNPS -0.367** -0.001 0.344** 0.207** 0.271** -0.313** 0.068 0.330**
TKW -0.439** -0.150* 0.150* 0.053 0.420** -0.666** 0.537** 0.954**
GL 0.419** 0.117 -0.229** -0.137 -0.355** -0.695** 0.217** -0.808**
GW 0.079 -0.004 -0.110 -0.097 0.061 0.167* 0.456** 0.374
GL/GW -0.416** -0.134 0.196** 0.096 0.439** 0.889** -0.834** 0.098 E6

表4

地方品种与现代育成品种间表型性状的简单方差分析"

性状
Trait		 项目
Item		 平方和
Quadratic sum		 自由度
Degree of freedom		 均方
Mean square		 F 显著性
Significance
株高PH 组间Between groups 145,021.238 1 145,021.238 743.749 0.000
组内Within group 210,975.788 1082 194.987
总计Total 355,997.027 1083
穗长SL 组间Between groups 238.782 1 238.782 115.540 0.000
组内Within group 2,236.119 1082 2.067
总计Total 2,474.900 1083
小穗数SN 组间Between groups 33.791 1 33.791 11.252 0.001
组内Within group 3,249.439 1082 3.003
总计Total 3,283.229 1083
结实小穗数FSN 组间Between groups 2.206 1 2.206 0.735 0.392
组内Within group 3,248.686 1082 3.002
总计Total 3,250.893 1083
穗粒数GNPS 组间Between groups 7,840.371 1 7840.371 113.963 0.000
组内Within group 74,438.959 1082 68.798
总计Total 82,279.330 1083
千粒重TKW 组间Between groups 11,482.793 1 11,482.793 200.318 0.000
组内Within group 62,023.167 1082 57.323
总计Total 73,505.960 1083
粒长GL 组间Between groups 5.075 1 5.075 24.223 0.000
组内Within group 226.885 1083 0.209
总计Total 231.960 1084
粒宽GW 组间Between groups 30.871 1 30.871 321.933 0.000
组内Within group 103.851 1083 0.096
总计Total 134.722 1084
粒长/粒宽GL/GW 组间Between groups 12.673 1 12.673 311.085 0.000
组内Within group 44.120 1083 0.041
总计Total 56.793 1084

表5

地方品种与现代育成品种间农艺产量性状比较"

性状
Trait		 环境
Environment		 地方品种Landraces 现代育成品种Modern bred varieties 各性状
均值差(L-C)
MD
变幅
Range		 平均值
Average		 标准差
SD		 变异系数
CV (%)		 变幅
Range		 平均值
Average		 标准差
SD		 变异系数
CV (%)
株高 E1 103.61-142.40 117.30 8.24 6.57 47.97-128.99 86.82 22.07 25.42 30.48
PH (cm) E2 101.64-146.34 119.13 7.67 6.13 48.48-126.19 90.67 23.74 26.18 28.46
E3 101.57-147.82 121.56 8.13 6.69 47.34-132.20 93.53 23.63 25.27 28.03
E4 103.30-148.20 119.74 11.78 9.84 53.00-137.20 93.68 22.55 24.07 26.06
E5 97.84-144.40 121.76 9.30 7.64 59.68-139.42 105.55 21.18 20.07 16.21
E6 99.20-136.48 118.54 6.51 5.49 55.02-132.26 98.03 18.90 19.28 20.52
穗长 E1 8.61-14.48 11.36 1.05 9.20 7.40-15.28 10.35 1.60 15.42 1.01
SL (cm) E2 9.32-15.10 11.30 1.09 9.24 7.62-15.61 10.27 1.67 16.25 1.03
E3 7.60-15.36 11.54 1.40 12.14 7.72-14.80 10.43 1.76 16.90 1.11
E4 8.30-16.50 11.79 1.25 10.15 8.22-15.06 10.69 1.91 17.43 1.10
E5 8.60-16.98 12.06 1.36 11.28 9.30-17.47 11.15 1.61 13.85 0.91
性状
Trait		 环境
Environment		 地方品种Landraces 现代育成品种Modern bred varieties 各性状
均值差(L-C)
MD
变幅
Range		 平均值
Average		 标准差
SD		 变异系数
CV (%)		 变幅
Range		 平均值
Average		 标准差
SD		 变异系数
CV (%)
E6 8.18-17.05 11.90 1.39 12.31 9.26-17.54 10.96 1.58 14.75 0.94
小穗数(个)
SN		 E1 17.00-22.62 20.01 1.04 5.20 16.40-26.00 19.69 2.06 10.46 0.31
E2 16.43-25.41 21.24 1.23 5.79 15.27-24.28 19.79 2.35 11.87 0.43
E3 16.00-25.50 20.78 1.46 7.03 15.25-24.50 20.04 2.12 10.58 0.67
E4 15.00-26.20 20.55 1.67 7.75 16.00-26.20 20.24 2.72 13.44 0.31
E5 16.80-24.50 20.85 1.32 6.33 18.00-28.00 21.81 1.90 8.71 -0.96
E6 16.20-24.40 20.36 1.47 7.22 17.60-25.40 21.67 1.74 8.03 -1.31
结实小
穗数(个)
FSN		 E1 16.22-22.04 19.18 1.13 5.89 16.00-26.00 18.91 1.80 8.88 0.27
E2 16.43-22.30 19.22 1.23 6.40 15.18-24.16 18.90 1.85 9.18 0.32
E3 15.60-23.00 19.44 1.52 7.82 15.25-24.00 19.10 1.69 8.40 0.34
E4 15.00-24.00 20.46 1.72 8.41 15.20-25.20 19.48 2.07 10.11 0.98
E5 15.20-23.30 19.37 1.33 6.87 16.80-27.20 20.58 1.78 8.65 -1.21
E6 14.80-25.00 19.21 1.44 7.50 16.20-29.00 20.34 1.67 8.21 -1.13
穗粒数(个)
GNPS		 E1 26.43-56.47 44.85 4.38 9.77 32.61-82.00 51.71 9.55 18.47 -6.86
E2 28.56-62.00 49.06 4.65 9.48 33.24-83.80 51.22 10.38 20.27 -2.16
E3 24.40-70.20 50.08 6.37 12.71 31.33-83.60 58.33 8.74 14.99 -8.26
E4 27.80-77.80 50.25 6.23 12.40 34.00-80.00 56.77 10.41 18.33 -6.52
E5 25.60-62.50 46.10 6.07 13.17 29.00-75.00 52.71 9.69 18.39 -6.61
E6 21.90-55.00 39.24 6.44 16.41 36.60-73.50 50.15 7.46 14.88 -10.91
千粒重 E1 17.97-31.53 23.13 3.95 13.95 25.90-48.72 33.44 5.62 16.81 -10.31
TKW (g) E2 13.90-32.72 24.09 4.07 16.89 26.41-49.89 35.56 6.23 17.51 -11.47
E3 12.30-30.90 21.68 4.15 14.47 23.40-42.60 32.02 6.05 18.89 -10.34
E4 23.49-31.78 22.16 4.27 14.16 24.87-43.78 34.30 5.99 17.46 -12.14
E5 20.12-33.26 22.81 4.39 19.25 24.29-48.91 32.39 5.67 17.51 -10.01
E6 19.78-34.71 22.38 4.43 19.79 23.30-52.51 35.91 5.93 17.48 -11.10
粒长 E1 5.92-8.18 7.32 0.47 6.47 6.73-8.85 7.55 0.39 5.11 -0.24
GL (mm) E2 5.92-8.18 6.89 0.51 7.36 6.21-7.89 7.06 0.40 5.69 -0.16
E3 5.76-7.20 6.37 0.29 4.63 6.02-7.90 6.67 0.35 5.22 -0.29
E4 5.73-8.10 6.41 0.39 6.01 6.15-7.69 6.74 0.37 5.55 -0.33
E5 5.70-7.27 6.40 0.35 5.43 5.83-7.61 6.50 0.34 5.16 -0.10
E6 5.71-7.63 6.45 0.36 5.57 5.80-7.57 6.50 0.33 5.05 -0.05
粒宽 E1 2.29-3.31 2.48 0.17 6.85 2.69-3.63 3.01 0.25 8.04 -0.63
GW (mm) E2 2.14-3.27 2.37 0.18 7.60 2.78-3.68 2.96 0.23 7.77 -0.59
E3 2.24-3.41 2.55 0.19 7.49 2.66-3.65 3.14 0.24 7.53 -0.59
E4 2.18-3.24 2.55 0.19 7.45 2.56-3.58 2.93 0.24 8.14 -0.38
E5 2.26-3.14 2.56 0.15 5.94 2.52-3.54 2.97 0.25 8.42 -0.41
E6 2.35-3.25 2.57 0.18 6.67 2.52-3.52 3.01 0.23 7.64 -0.44
粒长/粒宽 E1 1.98-2.88 2.41 0.15 6.22 1.85-2.46 2.11 0.14 6.65 0.30
GL/GW E2 1.91-2.68 2.28 0.13 5.56 1.88-2.62 2.14 0.14 6.72 0.14
E3 2.00-3.00 2.56 0.20 7.69 1.88-2.55 2.17 0.17 8.03 0.39
E4 2.05-3.00 2.56 0.17 6.59 1.99-2.70 2.37 0.17 7.15 0.19
E5 1.79-2.94 2.54 0.16 6.39 1.94-2.62 2.23 0.19 8.70 0.31
E6 1.87-2.88 2.45 0.20 8.21 1.79-2.67 2.18 0.20 9.15 0.27

图1

新疆冬小麦地方品种与现代育成品种农艺及产量性状差异 *表示差异显著(P < 0.05), **表示差异极显著(P < 0.01); ns表示差异不显著。"

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