欢迎访问作物学报，今天是
作物学报

作物学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (2): 351-358.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.02028

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

江淮地区稻-麦周年产量差及其与资源利用关系

杜祥备1(), 习敏2, 孔令聪1,*(), 吴文革2,*(), 陈金华3, 许有尊2, 周永进2   

  1. 1安徽省农业科学院作物研究所, 安徽合肥 230031
    2安徽省农业科学院水稻研究所, 安徽合肥 230031
  • 收稿日期:2020-04-26 接受日期:2020-08-19 出版日期:2021-02-12 网络出版日期:2020-09-21
  • 通讯作者: 孔令聪,吴文革
  • 作者简介:E-mail: duxiangbei@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0301306);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0300906);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300503)

Yield gaps of rice-wheat double cropping and its relationship with resource utilization in Yangtze-Huaihe Rivers region

DU Xiang-Bei1(), XI Min2, KONG Ling-Cong1,*(), WU Wen-Ge2,*(), CHEN Jin-Hua3, XU You-Zun2, ZHOU Yong-Jin2   

  1. 1Crop Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
    2Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China, 3 Anhui Province Meteorological Research Institute, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
  • Received:2020-04-26 Accepted:2020-08-19 Published:2021-02-12 Published online:2020-09-21
  • Contact: KONG Ling-Cong,WU Wen-Ge
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0301306);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD0300906);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300503)

RichHTML

8

PDF

987

摘要：

江淮地区是我国水稻和小麦重要的生产基地, 明确该地区不同产量水平之间的差异特征及形成机制, 探索区域粮食生产的限制因子, 可为缩减江淮地区周年产量差的技术途径提供科学依据和参考。本研究以稻-麦周年生产体系为研究对象, 定量分析不同产量水平田块之间的产量差与气候影响因素。结果表明, 江淮地区水稻、小麦及周年农户水平与试验水平和高产纪录间存在显著的产量差, 分别为3315.9、1537.5、4645.6 kg hm-2和7498.6、3977.9、9840.9 kg hm-2。水稻、小麦及周年农户水平较试验水平还有46.2%、29.7%和37.3%的增产潜力, 较高产纪录还有104.5%、77.0%和79.0%的增产潜力。每穗粒数是造成水稻产量差的主要因子, 穗数和每穗粒数是造成小麦产量差的主要因子。与农户水平相比, 水稻试验水平和高产纪录的穗粒数分别增加30.4%和116.1%; 小麦试验水平和高产纪录的穗数和每穗粒数平均分别增加40.9%、70.0%和21.8%、19.6%。缩小产量差水稻主要依赖于增加每穗粒数, 小麦靠穗数和每穗粒数的协同提高。生育期累积辐射和积温较低是导致水稻产量差异的主要气候因素, 而生育期降雨过多是导致小麦产量差异的主要气候因素。根据研究提出了“强稻稳麦”是提升江淮地区周年粮食生产的有效途径。

关键词: 江淮地区, 稻麦两熟, 产量差, 产量潜力, 资源截获

Abstract:

The Yangtze-Huaihe rivers region is an important production base of rice and wheat in China. It is necessary to clarify the differences and formation mechanism between different yield levels in the region, and to explore the limiting factors for regional grain production, which can provide scientific basis and reference for the management practices to reduce the annual yield gap in the Yangtze-Huaihe rivers region. Based on annual rice-wheat production situation, crop yield was divided into three different levels, farmer yields, experimental yields and high record yields. Yield gaps and the climate factors of different yield levels were quantified. Results showed that there were significant differences between farmer yields and experimental yields, high record yields of rice, wheat and annual in the Yangtze-Huaihe rivers region, which were 3315.9, 1537.5, and 4645.6 kg hm-2, 7498.6, 3977.9, and 9840.9 kg hm-2, respectively. Compared with the experimental yields, the farmer yields of rice, wheat and annual had yield increase potential of 46.2%, 29.7% and 37.3%, and 104.5%, 77.0% and 79.0% in comparison with the high record yields, respectively. The number of grains per spike was the main factor resulting in the yield difference in rice, and the grain numbers per spike and the number of spikes contributed to the yield difference in wheat. Compared with the farmer average yield, the grain numbers per spike of rice in experimental yields and high record yields were increased by 30.4% and 116.1%, respectively; the spikes and grain numbers per spike of wheat were increased by 40.9%, 70.0% and 21.8%, 19.6%, respectively. Reducing the yield gaps mainly depended on increasing the grain numbers per spike for rice, and synergistic improvement in the number of spikes and the grain numbers per spike for wheat. Cumulative radiation and low accumulated temperature during the growth period were the main climatic factors affected rice production, while excessive rainfall was the main climatic factor affected wheat production. The results suggested that in order to strengthen rice production and stabilize wheat production was an effective way to increase the annual grain production in the Yangtze-Huaihe rivers region.

Key words: Yangtze-Huaihe Rivers region, rice-wheat double cropping, yield gap, yield potential, resources capture

图1

江淮地区稻-麦周年产量分析 不同小写字母表示在5%水平差异显著。"

表1

江淮地区稻-麦周年产量、产量差和增产潜力"

项目
Item		 产量水平
Different yield level		 水稻
Rice		 小麦
Wheat		 周年
Annual
产量
Yield (kg hm-2)		 高产纪录Highest recorded yield 14,674.1 a 9146.1 a 22,304.3 a
试验水平Experimental yield 10,491.3 b 6705.8 b 17,108.9 b
农户水平Farmer yield 7175.4 c 5168.2 c 12,463.3 c
产量差
Yield gap (kg hm-2)		 高产纪录-农户水平 Highest recorded yield-Farmer yield (YG1) 7498.6 3977.9 9840.9
试验水平-农户水平 Experimental yield-Farmer yield (YG2) 3315.9 1537.5 4645.6
增产潜力
Increase potential (%)		 农户水平-高产纪录 Farmer yield-Highest recorded yield 104.5 77.0 79.0
农户水平-试验水平 Farmer yield-Experimental yield 46.2 29.7 37.3

图2

稻-麦产量与其构成因子间相关性分析 A、B、C为水稻, D、E、F为小麦。"

表2

江淮地区稻麦不同产量群体主要产量构成因子差异"

项目
Item		 水稻Rice 小麦Wheat
每穗粒数
Grain number per spike		 相对比例
Relative ratio (%)		 穗数
Spike number
(×104 hm-2)		 相对比例
Relative ratio
(%)		 每穗粒数
Grain number
per spike		 相对比例
Relative ratio
(%)
高产纪录Highest recorded yield 276.8 a 216.1 43.7 a 170.0 34.1 a 119.6
试验水平Experimental yield 167.1 b 130.4 36.2 b 140.9 34.7 a 121.8
农户水平Farmer yield 128.1 c 100.0 25.7 c 100.0 28.5 b 100.0

图3

江淮地区不同稻-麦产量群体生育期气候资源截获 A、C、E为水稻, B、D、F为小麦。不同小写字母表示在0.05水平差异显著。"

表3

江淮地区不同稻-麦产量群体生育期"

项目Item 水稻Rice 小麦Wheat
高产纪录Highest recorded yield 150.3 a 212.6 a
试验水平Experimental yield 148.2 a 209.5 ab
农户水平Farmer yield 142.3 b 206.2 b
[1] Lobell D B, Cassman K G, Field C B. Crop yield caps: their importance, magnitudes, and causes. Annu Rev Environ Resour, 2009,34:179-204.
[2] 习敏, 杜祥备, 吴文革, 孔令聪, 陈金华, 岳伟, 许有尊, 周永进. 稻麦两熟系统适期晚播对周年产量和资源利用效率的影响. 应用生态学报, 2020,31:165-172.
Xi M, Du X B, Wu W G, Kong L C, Chen J H, Yue W, Xu Y Z, Zhou Y J. Effects of late sowing of two season crops on annual yield and resource use efficiency in rice wheat double cropping system. Chin J Appl Ecol, 2020,31:165-172 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[3] De Ponti T, Rijk B, van Ittersum M K. The crop yield gap between organic and conventional agriculture. Agric Syst, 2012,108:1-9.
[4] 刘建刚. 黄淮海农作区冬小麦-夏玉米产量差及其限制因素解析. 中国农业大学博士学位论文, 北京, 2015.
Liu J G. Yield Gap of Winter Wheat and Summer Maize and Limiting Factors in Huang-Huai-Hai Farming Region. PhD Dissertation of China Agricultural University, Beijing, China, 2015 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[5] Xu X, He P, Zhao S, Qiu S, Johnston A M, Zhou W. Quantification of yield gap and nutrient use efficiency of irrigated rice in China. Field Crops Res, 2016,186:58-65.
[6] Chen Y, Wang P, Zhang Z, Tao F, Wei X. Rice yield development and the shrinking yield gaps in China, 1981-2008. Reg Environ Change, 2017,4:1-12.
[7] Deng N, Grassini P, Yang H, Huang J, Cassman K G, Peng S. Closing yield gaps for rice self-sufficiency in China. Nat Commun, 2019,10:1725.
pmid: 30979872
[8] Zhang T Y, Zhua J, Reiner W M. Responses of rice yields to recent climate change in China: an empirical assessment based on long-term observations at different spatial scales (1981-2005). Agric For Meteorol, 2010,150:1128-1137.
[9] Wang Q, Huang J L, He F, Cui K H, Zeng J M, Nie L X, Peng S B. Head rice yield of super hybrid rice Liangyoupeijiu grown under different nitrogen rates. Field Crops Res, 2012,134:71-79.
[10] 丁永刚, 李福建, 王亚华, 汤小庆, 杜同庆, 朱敏, 李春燕, 朱新开, 丁锦峰, 郭文善. 稻茬小麦氮高效品种产量构成和群体质量特征. 作物学报, 2020,46:544-556.
Ding Y G, Li F J, Wang Y H, Tang X Q, Du T Q, Zhu M, Li C Y, Zhu X K, Ding J F, Guo W S. Characteristics of yield components and population quality in high-nitrogen utilization wheat cultivars. Acta Agron Sin, 2020,46:544-556 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[11] 卫平洋, 裘实, 唐健, 肖丹丹, 朱盈, 刘国栋, 邢志鹏, 胡雅杰, 郭保卫, 高尚勤, 魏海燕, 张洪程. 安徽沿淮地区优质高产常规粳稻品种筛选及特征特性. 作物学报, 2020,46:571-585.
Wei P Y, Qiu S, Tang J, Xiao D D, Zhu Y, Liu G D, Xing Z P, Hu Y J, Guo B W, Gao S Q, Wei H Y, Zhang H C. Screening and characterization of high-quality and high-yield japonica rice varieties in Yanhuai region of Anhui province. Acta Agron Sin, 2020,46:571-585 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[12] Reynolds M P, Foulkes M J, Furbank R, Griffiths S, King J, Murchie M, Parry M, Slafer G. Achieving yield gains in wheat. Plant Cell Enviorn, 2012,35:1799-1823.
[13] 胡雅杰, 钱海军, 曹伟伟, 邢志鹏, 张洪程, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 魏海燕, 郭保卫. 机插方式和密度对不同穗型水稻品种产量及其构成的影响. 中国水稻科学, 2016,30:493-506.
Hu Y J, Qian H J, Cao W W, Xing Z P, Zhang H C, Dai Q G, Huo Z Y, Xu K, Wei H Y, Guo B W. Effect of different mechanical transplantation methods and density on yield and its components of different panicle-typed rice. Chin J Rice Sci, 2016,30:493-506 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[14] 韩超, 许方甫, 卞金龙, 徐栋, 裘实, 赵晨, 朱盈, 刘国栋, 张洪程, 魏海燕. 淮北地区机械化种植方式对不同生育类型优质食味粳稻产量及品质的影响. 作物学报, 2018,44:1681-1693.
Han C, Xu F P, Bian J L, Xu D, Qiu S, Zhao C, Zhu Y, Liu G D, Zhang H C, Wei H Y. Effects of mechanical planting methods on yield and quality of japonica rice with good taste and different growth durations in Huaibei region. Acta Agron Sin, 2018,44:1681-1693 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[15] 郭俊杰, 柴以潇, 李玲, 高丽敏, 谢凯柳, 凌宁, 郭世伟. 江苏省水稻减肥增产的潜力与机制分析. 中国农业科学, 2019,52:849-859.
Guo J J, Chai Y X, Li L, Gao L M, Xie K L, Ling N, Guo S W. The potential and related mechanisms of increasing rice yield by reducing chemical nitrogen application in Jiangsu province. Sci Agric Sin, 2019,52:849-859 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[16] Kobayasi K, Yamane K, Imaki T. Effects of non-structural carbohydrates on spikelet differentiation in rice. Plant Prod Sci, 2001,4:9-14.
[17] 吴文革, 习敏, 许有尊, 陈刚, 周永进, 张洪程, 戴其根, 马荣荣, 王晓燕, 杨飞, 吴晓鹏, 周陶竹, 叶为发, 胡润, 康启中. 籼粳交组合甬优1540钵育机插超高产的产量构成及其群体光合特征. 扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版), 2017,38(1):73-80.
Wu W G, Xi M, Xu Y Z, Chen G, Zhou Y J, Zhang H C, Dai Q G, Ma R R, Wang X Y, Yang F, Wu X P, Zhou T Z, Ye W F, Hu R, Kang Q Z. Population photosynthetic characteristics and yield formation of the mechanically transplanted pot seedlings in hybrid rice variety Yongyou 1540 with super high-yield. J Yangzhou Univ (Agric Life Sci Edn), 2017,38(1):73-80 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[18] Gaju O, Reynolds M P, Sparkes D L, Mayes S, Ribas-Vargas G, Crossa J, Foulkes M J. Relationships between physiological traits, grain number and yield potential in a wheat DH population of large spike phenotype. Field Crops Res, 2014,164:126-135.
[19] Zhang H, Turner N C, Poole M L. Increasing the harvest index of wheat in the high rainfall zones of southern Australia. Field Crops Res, 2012,129:111-123.
[20] Sun Y, Wang X, Wang N, Chen Y L, Zhang S Q. Changes in the yield and associated photosynthetic traits of dry-land winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from the 1940s to the 2010s in Shaanxi province of China. Field Crops Res, 2014,167:1-10.
[21] Wu W, Li C J, Ma B L, Shah F, Liu Y, Liao Y C. Genetic progress in wheat yield and associated traits in China since 1945 and future prospects. Euphytica, 2014,196:155-168.
[22] Chen C, Baethgen W, Robertson A. Contributions of individual variation in temperature, solar radiation and precipitation to crop yield in the North China Plain, 1961-2003. Clim Change, 2013,116:767-788.
[23] Liu Z, Yang X, Hubbard K G, Lin X. Maize potential yields and yield gaps in the changing climate of Northeast China. Global Change Biol, 2012,18:3441-3454.
[24] 龚金龙, 邢志鹏, 胡雅杰, 张洪程, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 魏海燕, 高辉. 江淮下游地区籼粳超级稻生育期与温光资源利用特征的差异研究. 中国水稻科学, 2014,28:267-276.
Gong J L, Xing Z P, Hu Y J, Zhang H C, Dai Q G, Huo Z Y, Xu K, Wei H Y, Gao H. Difference in growth duration and utilization of temperature and solar radiation between indica and japonica super rice in the lower Yangtze and Huaihe river valley. Chin J Rice Sci, 2014,28:267-276 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[25] 杜祥备, 孔令聪, 习敏, 吴文革, 陈金华, 岳伟. 江淮区域稻麦两熟制周年资源分配、利用特征. 中国生态农业学报, 2019,27:1078-1087.
Du X B, Kong L C, Xi M, Wu W G, Chen J H, Yue W. Characteristics of resource allocation and utilization of rice-wheat double cropping system in the Jianghuai Area. Chin Eco-Agric, 2019,27:1078-1087 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[26] Boling A A, Tuong T P, van Keulen H, Bouman B A M, Suganda H, Spiertz J H J. Yield gap of rainfed rice in farmers’ fields in Central Java, Indonesia. Agric Syst, 2010,103:307-315.
[27] Lu C, Fan L. Winter wheat yield potentials and yield gaps in the North China Plain. Field Crops Res, 2013,143:98-105.
[28] Mueller N D, Gerber J S, Johnston M, Ray D K, Ramankutty N, Foley J A. Closing yield gaps through nutrient and water management. Nature, 2012,490:254-257.
doi: 10.1038/nature11420 pmid: 22932270
[29] Hawkesford M J. Reducing the reliance on nitrogen fertilizer for wheat production. J Cereal Sci, 2014,59:276-283.
doi: 10.1016/j.jcs.2013.12.001 pmid: 24882935
[30] Vitantonio-Mazzini L N, Borrás L, Garibaldi L A, Pérez D H, Gallo S, Gambin B L. Management options for reducing maize yield gaps in contrasting sowing dates. Field Crops Res, 2020,251:107779.
[31] 赵亚丽, 刘卫玲, 程思贤, 周亚男, 周金龙, 王秀玲, 张谋彪, 王群, 李潮海 . 深松( 耕)方式对砂姜黑土耕层特性、作物产量和水分利用效率的影响. 中国农业科学, 2018,51:2489-2503.
Zhao Y L, Liu W L, Cheng S X, Zhou Y N, Zhou J L, Wang X L, Zhang M B, Wang Q, Li C H. Effects of pattern of deep tillage on topsoil features, yield and water use efficiency in lime concretion black soil. Sci Agric Sin, 2018,51:2489-2503 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[32] Mu X Y, Zhao Y L, Liu K, Ji B Y, Guo H B, Xue Z W, Li C H. Responses of soil properties, root growth and crop yield to tillage and crop residue management in a wheat-maize cropping system on the North China Plain. Eur J Agron, 2016,78:32-43.
[33] 冯伟, 李世莹, 王永华, 康国章, 段剑钊, 郭天财. 宽幅播种下带间距对冬小麦衰老进程及产量的影响. 生态学报, 2015,35:2686-2694.
Feng W, Li S Y, Wang Y H, Kang G Z, Duan J Z, Guo T C. Effects of spacing intervals on the ageing process and grain yield in winter wheat under wide bed planting methods. Acta Ecol Sin, 2015,35:2686-2694 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[34] 贺文畅, 高尚勤, 刘东, 杜祥备, 孔令聪. 沿淮地区水稻-小麦周年“双高”种植模式. 耕作与栽培, 2018, (5):57-58.
He W C, Gao S Q, Liu D, Du X B, Kong L C. Rice-wheat annual ‘double high’ cropping mode along the Huaihe river region in Anhui. Tillage & Cultivation, 2018, (5):57-58 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[35] Wang J, Wang E, Yang X, Zhang F, Yin H. Increased yield potential of wheat-maize cropping system in the North China Plain by climate change adaptation. Clim Change, 2012,113:825-840.
[36] Du X B, Chen B L, Shen T Y, Zhang Y X, Zhou Z G. Effect of cropping system on radiation use efficiency in double-cropped wheat-cotton. Field Crops Res, 2015,170:21-31.
[1] 王洪章,刘鹏,贾绪存,李静,任昊,董树亭,张吉旺,赵斌. 不同栽培管理条件下夏玉米产量与肥料利用效率的差异解析[J]. 作物学报, 2019, 45(10): 1544-1553.
[2] 邢志鹏，朱明，吴培，钱海军，曹伟伟，胡雅杰，郭保卫，魏海燕，许轲，霍中洋，戴其根，张洪程*. 稻麦两熟制条件下钵苗机插方式对不同类型水稻品种米质的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2017, 43(04): 581-595.
[3] 柳洪鹃，史春余，柴沙沙. 不同产量水平甘薯品种光合产物分配差异及其原因[J]. 作物学报, 2015, 41(03): 440-447.
[4] 石全红，刘建刚，王兆华，陶婷婷，陈阜，褚庆全. 南方稻区水稻产量差的变化及其气候影响因素[J]. 作物学报, 2012, 38(05): 896-903.
[5] 张勇, 李式昭, 吴振录, 杨文雄, 于亚雄, 夏先春, 何中虎. CIMMYT种质对四川、云南、甘肃和新疆春性小麦产量遗传增益的贡献[J]. 作物学报, 2011, 37(10): 1752-1762.
[6] 何中虎, 夏先春, 陈新民, 庄巧生. 中国小麦育种进展与展望[J]. 作物学报, 2011, 37(02): 202-215.
[7] 张彬，郑建初，田云录，董文军，陈金，杨飞，张卫建. 农田开放式夜间增温系统的设计及其在稻麦上的试验效果[J]. 作物学报, 2010, 36(4): 620-628.
[8] 周阳;何中虎;陈新民;王德森;张勇;张改生. 30余年来北部冬麦区小麦品种产量改良遗传进展[J]. 作物学报, 2007, 33(09): 1530-1535.
[9] 薛昌颖;杨晓光;邓伟;张天一;闫伟兄;张秋平;肉孜阿基;赵俊芳;杨婕;Bouman B A M. 利用ORYZA2000模型分析北京地区旱稻产量潜力及需水特征[J]. 作物学报, 2007, 33(04): 625-631.
[10] 孙庆泉;吴元奇;胡昌浩;董树亭;荣廷昭;张颖. 不同产量潜力玉米籽粒胚乳细胞增殖与籽粒充实期的生理活性[J]. 作物学报, 2005, 31(05): 612-618.
[11] 吴正锋;王空军;董树亭;胡昌浩;刘鹏;张吉旺. 高油玉米源、库生理特性研究 Ⅰ.高油玉米产量受叶源的限制[J]. 作物学报, 2005, 31(03): 283-288.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!
京ICP备15008789号-2