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作物学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (8): 1540-1550.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.02069

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

机插密度和穗肥减量对优质食味水稻品种籽粒淀粉合成的影响

陈云1,2(), 刘昆1, 张宏路1, 李思宇1, 张亚军2, 韦佳利2, 张耗1, 顾骏飞1, 刘立军1,*(), 杨建昌1   

  1. 1扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心/江苏省作物基因组学和分子育种重点实验室, 江苏扬州 225009
    2扬州大学生物科学与技术学院, 江苏扬州 225009
  • 收稿日期:2020-10-22 接受日期:2021-01-13 出版日期:2021-08-12 网络出版日期:2021-02-18
  • 通讯作者: 刘立军
  • 作者简介:E-mail: yunchen@yzu.edu.cn, Tel: 0514-87979320
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300502);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0301206);国家自然科学基金项目(31871557);国家自然科学基金项目(31671614);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目(cx183007);江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室开放课题(YSCL201807);江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目资助

Effects of machine transplanting density and panicle nitrogen fertilizer reduction on grains starch synthesis in good taste rice cultivars

CHEN Yun1,2(), LIU Kun1, ZHANG Hong-Lu1, LI Si-Yu1, ZHANG Ya-Jun2, WEI Jia-Li2, ZHANG Hao1, GU Jun-Fei1, LIU Li-Jun1,*(), YANG Jian-Chang1   

  1. 1Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
    2College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2020-10-22 Accepted:2021-01-13 Published:2021-08-12 Published online:2021-02-18
  • Contact: LIU Li-Jun
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300502);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0301206);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31871557);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31671614);Jiangsu Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Fund(cx183007);Open Project of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics(YSCL201807);Physiology, and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions

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摘要：

机插密度对优质食味水稻品种籽粒淀粉合成的影响尚不明确。试验以3个江苏省代表性优质食味水稻品种南粳9108、南粳5055和南粳46为材料, 行距固定为30 cm, 通过设置10、12、14、16和18 cm株距, 形成33.3×104、27.8×104、23.8×104、20.8×104和18.5×104穴 hm-2 5种机插密度, 研究了机插密度对上述优质食味水稻品种产量和籽粒淀粉合成的影响, 并观察了穗肥施氮量减半施用对优质食味水稻籽粒淀粉合成的调控效应。结果表明: (1) 3个优质食味水稻品种产量均在密度为27.8×104穴 hm-2时最高。成熟期稻米直链淀粉含量随机插密度增加呈先下降后上升的趋势, 支链淀粉含量则不断下降。机插密度控制在27.5×104~29.9×104穴 hm-2时, 有利于提高上述优质食味水稻品种的食味值。(2) 随机插密度增加, 颗粒结合态淀粉合成酶(granule-bound starch synthase, GBSS)和ADP-葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, AGP)在籽粒灌浆前中期(抽穗后8~20 d)的活性有所上升, 但在灌浆后期迅速下降, 而机插密度对淀粉分支酶(starch branching enzyme, SBE)活性无明显影响。其中, 抽穗后12~16 d籽粒中GBSS和AGP活性与直链淀粉和总淀粉含量呈显著或极显著正相关。(3) 与正常穗肥相比, 穗肥减半处理能显著降低优质食味水稻品种灌浆前中期籽粒中GBSS和AGP活性, 降低稻米直链淀粉含量, 提升优质食味稻米的食味值。上述结果表明, 机插密度可通过调控灌浆前中期籽粒中淀粉合成关键酶(GBSS和AGP)活性, 调控直链淀粉含量进而影响稻米食味值。合理的机插密度和穗肥施用量有助于进一步改善优质食味稻米的食味品质。

关键词: 优质食味水稻, 机插密度, 淀粉合成关键酶, 食味值, 直链淀粉

Abstract:

The effect of machine transplanting density on grain starch synthesis in good taste rice cultivars (GTRC) is still unclear. In the experiment, three representative GTRC of Nanjing 9108, Nanjing 5055, and Nanjing 46 in Jiangsu province were used as materials. Five machine transplanting densities of 33.3 × 104, 27.8 × 104, 23.8 × 104, 20.8 × 104, and 18.5 × 104 hills hm-2 were formed with the row spacing at 30 cm and the plant spacing of 10, 12, 14, 16, and 18 cm, respectively. The effects of machine transplanting density on yield and grain starch synthesis in above three rice cultivars were studied, and the regulation mechanism of halving normal nitrogen (N) rate of panicle nitrogen fertilizer on the starch synthesis was also observed. The results were as follows: (1) The grain yield of the three GTRC were highest at the transplanting density of 27.8 × 104 hills hm-2. The amylose content at mature stage of the three GTRC decreased first and then increased with the increase in machine transplanting density, while the amylopectin content continued to decrease. When the machine transplanting density was controlled at 27.5 × 104-29.9 × 104hills hm-2, it was beneficial to improve the taste value of the above-mentioned GTRC. (2) With the increase in machine transplanting density, the activities of granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP) were increased in the early and middle stages of grain filling (8-20 days after heading), and were decreased rapidly at later grain filling stage. Machine transplanting density had no significant effect on starch branching enzyme (SBE) activity. Among them, the activities of GBSS and AGP in grains at 12-16 days after heading were significantly and positively correlated with the contents of amylose and total starch. (3) Compared with normal N rate of panicle nitrogen fertilizer, half normal N rate could significantly decrease the activities of GBSS and AGP in grains during the early and middle stages of grain filling, reduce the amylose content of rice, and further improve the taste value of GTRC. These results indicated that machine transplanting density could regulate the amylose content due to the activities variations of key enzymes involved in starch synthesis (GBSS and AGP) in the grains during the early and middle stages of grain filling, thus resulting in the difference of rice taste value. Reasonable machine transplanting density and panicle nitrogen fertilizer rate are helpful to further improve the eating quality of GTRC.

Key words: good taste rice cultivar, machine transplanting density, key enzymes involved in starch synthesis, taste value, amylose

表1

机插密度对优质食味水稻品种产量和稻米主要品质指标的方差分析"

变异来源
Source of variation		 自由度
Degree of freedom		 产量
Grain yield		 整精米率
Head rice percentage		 垩白粒率
Chalky kernel percentage		 直链淀粉含量
Amylose content		 蛋白质含量
Protein content		 食味值
Taste value
年份 Year (Y) 1 ns ns ns ns ns ns
密度 Density (D) 4 34.0** 3.33* 9.1** 10.5** 7.76** 10.1**
品种 Cultivar (C) 2 38.9** 65.4** 2645.8** 33.8** 3.94* 10.2**
年份×密度 Y × D 4 ns ns ns ns ns ns
年份×品种Y × C 2 ns ns ns ns ns ns
密度×品种D × C 8 ns ns ns ns ns ns
年份×密度×品种Y × D × C 8 ns ns ns ns ns ns

图1

机插密度对优质食味水稻品种产量及其构成因素的影响(2018年) 18.5、20.8、23.8、27.8和33.3分别表示机插密度为18.5×104、20.8×104、23.8×104、27.8×104和33.3×104穴 hm-2。"

图2

机插密度对优质食味水稻品种淀粉含量和食味值的影响(2018年)"

图3

优质食味水稻品种食味值与直链淀粉含量、支链淀粉含量和总淀粉含量的相关(2018年)"

表2

优质食味水稻品种获得最低直链淀粉含量时的机插密度(2018年)"

品种
Cultivar		 机插密度(x, ×104穴 hm-2)与直链淀粉含量(y, %)关系方程
Equation between machine transplanting density (x, ×104 hills hm-2) and amylose content (y, %)		 R2 xopt1
(x, ×104 hills hm-2)		 xopt2
(x, cm)		 ymin
(%)
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108 y=0.011x2-0.657x+21.5 0.912 29.9 11.1 11.7
南粳5055 Nanjing 5055 y=0.012x2-0.659x+19.7 0.915 27.5 12.1 10.7
南粳46 Nanjing 46 y=0.012x2-0.674x+20.8 0.966 28.1 11.9 11.3

图4

机插密度对优质食味水稻品种籽粒直链淀粉和总淀粉积累动态的影响(2018年) 18.5、20.8、23.8、27.8和33.3分别表示机插密度为18.5×104、20.8×104、23.8×104、27.8×104和33.3×104穴 hm-2。"

图5

机插密度对优质食味水稻品种籽粒中淀粉分支酶(SBE)活性的影响(2018年) 18.5、20.8、23.8、27.8和33.3分别表示机插密度为18.5×104、20.8×104、23.8×104、27.8×104和33.3×104穴 hm-2。"

图6

机插密度对优质食味水稻品种籽粒中颗粒结合态淀粉合成酶(GBSS)活性的影响(2018年) 18.5、20.8、23.8、27.8和33.3分别表示机插密度为18.5×104、20.8×104、23.8×104、27.8×104和33.3×104穴 hm-2。"

图7

机插密度对优质食味水稻品种籽粒中ADP-葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(AGP)活性的影响(2018年) 18.5、20.8、23.8、27.8和33.3分别表示机插密度为18.5×104、20.8×104、23.8×104、27.8×104和33.3×104穴 hm-2。"

表3

优质食味水稻抽穗后不同时期籽粒中淀粉合成关键酶活性与成熟期稻米直链淀粉、总淀粉含量的相关(2018年)"

酶类型
Enzyme type		 淀粉含量
Starch content		 抽穗后天数 Days after heading
8 d 12 d 16 d 20 d 24 d 28 d 32 d
SBE 直链淀粉含量Amylose content 0.303 -0.170 -0.419 0.353 -0.255 0.308 0.603*
总淀粉含量Total starch content -0.110 -0.032 0.095 0.826** -0.747** 0.624* -0.149
GBSS 直链淀粉含量Amylose content -0.505 0.523* 0.728** 0.460 0.031 0.209 0.468
总淀粉含量Total starch content 0.095 0.659** 0.701** 0.771** -0.652** -0.573* -0.468
AGP 直链淀粉含量Amylose content -0.336 0.865** 0.819** 0.431 0.279 0.092 0.084
总淀粉含量Total starch content 0.097 0.699** 0.762** 0.776** -0.561* -0.719** -0.195

表4

穗肥减半对优质食味水稻品种产量、直链淀粉含量、总淀粉含量和食味值的影响(2019年)"

品种
Cultivar		 处理
Treatment		 产量
Grain yield
(t hm-2)		 直链淀粉含量
Amylose content (%)		 支链淀粉含量
Amylopectin
content (%)		 总淀粉含量
Total starch content (%)		 食味值
Taste value
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108 正常穗肥用量 NR 11.3 a 11.5 a 54.8 a 66.3 a 75.9 b
穗肥用量减半 HR 11.0 a 10.9 b 54.9 a 65.8 a 79.6 a
南粳5055 Nanjing 5055 正常穗肥用量 NR 10.7 a 10.2 a 55.9 a 66.1 a 78.4 b
穗肥用量减半 HR 10.4 a 9.5 b 53.7 b 63.2 b 82.7 a
南粳46 Nanjing 46 正常穗肥用量 NR 10.1 a 11.3 a 55.2 a 66.5 a 73.3 b
穗肥用量减半 HR 9.9 a 10.4 b 54.1 a 63.5 a 78.6 a

图8

穗肥减半对优质食味水稻抽穗后籽粒中淀粉合成关键酶活性的影响(2019年) NR: 正常穗肥用量; HR: 穗肥用量减半。SBE: 淀粉分支酶; GBSS: 颗粒结合态淀粉合成酶; AGP: ADP-葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶。酶活性以抽穗后12 d和16 d两次测定的平均值表示。"

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