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作物学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (9): 1666-1679.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.04186

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

钙与氮肥互作对花生干物质和氮素积累分配及产量的影响

王建国1,2,4(), 张佳蕾1,2, 郭峰1,2, 唐朝辉1,2, 杨莎1,2, 彭振英1,2, 孟静静1,2, 崔利3, 李新国1,2,4,*(), 万书波1,2,4,*()   

  1. 1山东省农业科学院生物技术研究中心, 山东济南 250100
    2山东省作物遗传改良与生态生理重点实验室, 山东济南 250100
    3山东省农作物种质资源中心, 山东济南 250100
    4农业农村部华东地区作物栽培科学观测实验站, 山东东营 257000
  • 收稿日期:2020-08-12 接受日期:2021-01-21 出版日期:2021-09-12 网络出版日期:2021-02-22
  • 通讯作者: 李新国,万书波
  • 作者简介:王建国, E-mail: shanshanyilang@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目“大田经济作物优质丰产的生理基础与调控”(2018YFD1000906);山东省重大科技创新工程(2018YFJH0601);山东省重大科技创新工程(2019JZZY010702);山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程(CXGC2018D04);山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程(CXGC2018E13)

Effects of interaction between calcium and nitrogen fertilizers on dry matter, nitrogen accumulation and distribution, and yield in peanut

WANG Jian-Guo1,2,4(), ZHANG Jia-Lei1,2, GUO Feng1,2, TANG Zhao-Hui1,2, YANG Sha1,2, PENG Zhen-Ying1,2, MENG Jing-Jing1,2, CUI Li3, LI Xin-Guo1,2,4,*(), WAN Shu-Bo1,2,4,*()   

  1. 1Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
    2Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Ecological Physiology of Shandong Provinces, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
    3Shandong Center of Crop Germplasm Resources, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
    4Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Crop Cultivation in East China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dongying 257000, Shandong, China
  • Received:2020-08-12 Accepted:2021-01-21 Published:2021-09-12 Published online:2021-02-22
  • Contact: LI Xin-Guo,WAN Shu-Bo
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China “Physiological Basis and Agronomic Management for High-quality and High-yield of Field Cash Crops”(2018YFD1000906);Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Projects in Shandong Province(2018YFJH0601);Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Projects in Shandong Province(2019JZZY010702);Agricultural Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CXGC2018D04);Agricultural Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CXGC2018E13)

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摘要：

为探讨钙肥和氮肥施用量对花生干物质和氮素积累分配及产量的影响, 本研究以花育25为试验材料, 设置0和600 kg hm-2 (Ca0、Ca600) 2个钙肥水平, 0、75、150、225、300 kg hm-2 (N0、N75、N150、N225、N300) 5个氮肥水平, 研究不同试验样地增钙减氮对花生干物质积累和氮素积累与分配、产量及其构成因素的影响。结果表明, 与Ca 0相比, Ca600条件下花生干物质积累量显著升高, 济阳(JY)和饮马泉(YMQ)分别提高了13.5%和12.6%。与N0相比, 济阳(JY)各施氮处理花生植株干物质积累量分别提高了12.8%、17.7%、26.3%和21.0%, 饮马泉(YMQ)分别提高了16.7%、28.4%、24.9%和22.9%。花生干物质和氮素吸收积累动态曲线均符合Logistic模型, 济阳和饮马泉花生植株氮素最大累积量(Ym)分别在Ca600N225、Ca600N150处理下获得, 与平均值相比, 花生植株氮素最大累积速率(Vm)分别提高了12.4%和10.6%, 最大累积量分别提高了14.9%和13.7%, 快速累积持续时间(T)分别延长了2.3%和3.1%; 氮素快速积累期起始时期(t1)比干物质积累分别提早了7.5 d和9.4 d。济阳Ca600N225和饮马泉Ca600N150、Ca600N225处理花生荚果产量显著高于其他处理。钙氮互作效应对花生产量的影响显著。钙肥增施是提高氮肥利用效率, 增加花生结果数和百果重、促进稳产高产的重要途径。本试验区域减肥稳产增效栽培中最优施肥方案可采用钙肥600 kg hm-2 + 氮肥75 kg hm-2; 高产高效栽培中最优施肥方案可采用钙肥600 kg hm-2 + 氮肥150~225 kg hm-2。

关键词: 花生, 氮肥, 钙肥, 干物质, 氮素积累, 产量

Abstract:

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of calcium and nitrogen fertilizer on dry matter, nitrogen accumulation and distribution, and yield in peanut. A field experiment was conducted using Huayu 25 with two calcium (Ca) rates (0 and 600 kg hm-2), and five nitrogen (N) rates (0, 75, 150, 225, and 300 kg hm-2) in Jiyang (JY) and Yinmaquan (YMQ) in 2019. The results showed that compared with Ca0, the dry matter accumulation of peanuts under Ca600 treatment was significantly increased by 13.5% in the Jiyang, by 12.6% in Yinmaquant. Compared with N0, nitrogen fertilizer significantly promoted the accumulation of dry matter in peanut, and the N75, N150, N225, N300 treatments increased dry matter accumulation by 12.8%, 17.7%, 26.3%, 21.0% in Jiyang and 16.7%, 28.4%, 24.9%, 22.9% in Yinmaquan, respectively. The dynamic curve of peanut dry matter and nitrogen absorption accumulation conformed to the Logistic model, and the maximal nitrogen accumulation (Ym) was obtained under Ca600N225treatment in Jiyang and Ca600N150 treatment Yinmaquan. Compared to the average, the maximal speed of accumulation (Vm), the maximal biomass, duration of rapid accumulation (T), were increased at two plots by 12.4% and 10.6%, 14.9% and 13.7%, 2.3% and 3.1%, respectively. The starting date of rapid accumulation period (t1) was 7.5 days and 9.4 days earlier for nitrogen than for dry matter, indicated that the nutrient absorption of peanut was the premise of dry matter accumulation. The pod yield of peanut of Ca600N225 in Jiyang and Ca600N150 and Ca600N225 in Yinmaquan was higher than other treatments. Effects of interaction between calcium rates and nitrogen rates had a significant impact on peanut yield. Increasing calcium fertilizer application was an important way to improve nitrogen use efficiency, which increased pod number and 100-pod weight and promoted stably high yield in peanut. In this study, calcium fertilizer (600 kg hm-2) and nitrogen fertilizer (75 kg hm-2) were applied as the optimal fertilization scheme in the cultivation of less-fertilizer, stable-yield, and improved-efficiency treatment, while calcium fertilizer (600 kg hm-2) and nitrogen fertilizer (150-225 kg hm-2) as high-yield and high-efficiency treatment.

Key words: peanut, nitrogen fertilizer, calcium fertilizer, dry matter, nitrogen accumulation, yield

表1

不同施钙量和施氮量花生干物质累积动态特征值"

处理
Treatment 		济阳Jiyang (JY) 饮马泉Yinmaquan (YMQ)
Ym
(kg hm-2) 		Vm
(kg hm-2 d-1) 		tm
(d) 		t1
(d) 		t2
(d) 		T
(d) 		Ym
(kg hm-2) 		Vm
(kg hm-2 d-1) 		tm
(d) 		t1
(d) 		t2
(d) 		T
(d)
Ca0 13,750 272.6 62.5 45.9 79.1 33.2 14,824 282.4 60.5 43.2 77.8 34.6
Ca600 15,604 312.1 62.6 46.1 79.1 32.9 16,728 307.8 60.5 42.6 78.4 35.8
N0 12,676 267.8 61.9 46.3 77.5 31.2 13,250 261.7 58.3 41.6 75.0 33.3
N75 14,313 291.6 62.3 46.1 78.4 32.3 15,518 290.6 60.5 43.0 78.1 35.2
N150 14,954 296.1 62.4 45.7 79.0 33.3 17,106 314.3 61.0 43.1 78.9 35.8
N225 16,063 308.8 63.0 45.8 80.1 34.3 16,646 305.8 61.2 43.3 79.1 35.8
N300 15,388 298.9 62.8 45.8 79.7 33.9 16,367 304.8 60.9 43.2 78.6 35.4
Ca0×N0 11,732 250.8 61.6 46.2 77.0 30.8 11,844 250.8 55.8 40.2 71.3 31.1
Ca0×N75 13,257 271.4 62.0 45.9 78.1 32.2 14,326 277.2 59.8 42.7 76.8 34.0
Ca0×N150 13,923 278.1 62.1 45.6 78.5 33.0 16,262 301.3 61.6 43.8 79.4 35.5
Ca0×N225 15,266 288.9 63.4 46.0 80.8 34.8 16,045 296.0 62.3 44.4 80.1 35.7
Ca0×N300 14,582 277.4 63.1 45.8 80.4 34.6 15,663 294.5 61.6 44.1 79.1 35.0
Ca600×N0 13,620 285.3 62.2 46.5 77.9 31.4 14,665 276.1 60.1 42.6 77.6 35.0
Ca600×N75 15,369 312.0 63.2 47.0 79.4 32.4 16,716 304.7 61.2 43.1 79.2 36.1
Ca600×N150 15,988 314.5 62.6 45.9 79.3 33.5 17,949 327.6 60.5 42.4 78.5 36.1
Ca600×N225 16,860 329.2 62.5 45.7 79.4 33.7 17,243 316.4 60.1 42.2 78.0 35.9
Ca600×N300 16,194 320.6 62.5 45.9 79.2 33.3 17,073 316.3 60.1 42.4 77.9 35.5
平均Average 14,679 292.8 62.5 46.0 79.0 33.0 15,779 296.1 60.3 42.8 77.8 35.0

图1

不同施钙量和施氮量的花生干物质累积动态 JY: 济阳; YMQ: 饮马泉。处理同表1。3次重复。 "

表2

不同施钙量和施氮量花生氮素累积动态特征值"

处理
Treatment 		济阳Jiyang (JY) 饮马泉Yinmaquan (YMQ)
Ym
(kg hm-2) 		Vm
(kg hm-2 d-1) 		tm
(d) 		t1
(d) 		t2
(d) 		T
(d) 		Ym
(kg hm-2) 		Vm
(kg hm-2 d-1) 		tm
(d) 		t1
(d) 		t2
(d) 		T
(d)
施钙量 Ca rate (kg hm-2)
Ca0 268 5.7 53.8 38.3 69.3 31.0 264 5.7 49.3 34.1 64.5 30.4
Ca600 313 7.2 52.9 38.7 67.2 28.5 306 6.6 48.2 33.0 63.3 30.3
施氮量 N rate (kg hm-2)
N0 225 5.5 52.2 38.8 65.5 26.7 225 5.5 45.8 32.3 59.2 26.9
N75 280 6.4 53.1 38.7 67.6 28.9 275 6.3 47.4 33.1 61.7 28.6
N150 302 6.7 53.3 38.5 68.1 29.6 318 6.6 50.0 34.2 65.8 31.6
N225 334 7.0 54.0 38.2 69.8 31.7 309 6.4 49.7 33.9 65.5 31.5
N300 311 6.7 53.6 38.3 68.8 30.5 297 6.2 49.4 33.7 65.1 31.4
施钙量×施氮量 Ca rate × N rate
Ca0×N0 204 5.1 52.4 39.1 65.7 26.6 205 5.0 46.3 32.7 59.9 27.1
Ca0×N75 256 5.7 53.1 38.3 67.9 29.6 252 6.0 47.1 33.2 61.1 27.9
Ca0×N150 276 5.9 53.5 38.1 69.0 30.8 295 6.2 50.0 34.4 65.6 31.2
Ca0×N225 314 6.1 54.6 37.6 71.6 33.9 290 5.9 51.0 34.8 67.1 32.3
Ca0×N300 292 5.9 54.4 38.1 70.7 32.6 276 5.9 50.1 34.6 65.6 31.0
Ca600×N0 245 6.0 52.0 38.7 65.4 26.7 244 6.0 45.3 32.0 58.6 26.6
Ca600×N75 305 7.1 53.1 39.0 67.3 28.2 298 6.7 47.5 32.9 62.0 29.1
Ca600×N150 329 7.5 53.2 38.7 67.6 28.9 342 7.1 49.5 33.8 65.3 31.5
Ca600×N225 355 7.9 53.5 38.7 68.3 29.6 327 7.0 48.6 33.3 64.0 30.8
Ca600×N300 330 7.7 52.4 38.3 66.5 28.2 319 6.9 47.2 32.0 62.3 30.3
平均Average 291 6.5 53.2 38.5 68.0 29.5 285 6.3 48.3 33.4 63.2 29.8

图2

不同施钙量和施氮量花生氮素累积动态 JY: 济阳; YMQ: 饮马泉。处理同表1。3次重复。 "

表3

不同施钙量和施氮量对花生干物质分配的影响"

处理
Treatment 		济阳Jiyang (JY) 饮马泉Yinmaquan (YMQ)
营养器官VO
(kg hm-2) 		营养器官
VO
(%) 		生殖器官
GO
(kg hm-2) 		生殖器官
GO
(%) 		营养器官
VO
(kg hm-2) 		营养器官
VO
(%) 		生殖器官
GO
(kg hm-2) 		生殖器官
GO
(%)
施钙量 Ca rate (kg hm-2)
Ca0 8065 b 59.2 5593 b 40.8 8054 b 55.0 6622 b 45.0
Ca600 8709 a 56.3 6806 a 43.7 8502 a 51.6 7992 a 48.4
施氮量 N rate (kg hm-2)
N0 7603 c 60.4 5013 d 39.6 7282 c 55.5 5869 d 44.5
N75 8329 b 58.6 5897 c 41.4 8110 b 53.0 7240 c 47.0
N150 8443 b 56.8 6445 b 43.2 8597 a 51.0 8287 a 49.0
N225 8843 a 55.6 7090 a 44.4 8737 a 53.2 7712 b 46.8
N300 8718 a 57.2 6551 b 42.8 8665 a 53.9 7429 c 46.1
施钙量×施氮量 Ca rate × N rate
Ca0×N0 7170 e 61.4 4503 g 38.6 6717 e 57.0 5067 h 43.0
Ca0×N75 7876 d 59.8 5302 f 40.2 7766 d 54.7 6437 g 45.3
Ca0×N150 8077 d 58.4 5763 d 41.6 8418 c 52.4 7647 d 47.6
Ca0×N225 8683 bc 57.4 6450 c 42.6 8743 a 55.2 7101 f 44.8
Ca0×N300 8515 c 58.9 5948 d 41.1 8627 bc 55.7 6858 ef 44.3
Ca600×N0 8036 d 59.3 5523 e 40.7 7848 d 54.1 6668 fg 45.9
Ca600×N75 8780 ab 57.5 6493 c 42.5 8455 bc 51.2 8043 c 48.8
Ca600×N150 8809 ab 55.3 7127 b 44.7 8775 a 49.6 8927 a 50.4
Ca600×N225 9002 a 53.8 7730 a 46.2 8732 a 51.2 8323 b 48.8
Ca600×N300 8920 ab 55.5 7155 b 44.5 8702 ab 52.1 7999 c 47.9
变异来源 Source of variation
施钙量 Calcium (Ca) ** ** ** **
施氮量 Nitrogen (N) ** ** ** **
施钙量×施氮量 Ca×N ns ns ** ns

表4

不同施钙量和施氮量对花生氮素分配的影响"

处理
Treatment 		济阳Jiyang (JY) 饮马泉Yinmaquan (YMQ)
营养器官
VO
(kg hm-2) 		营养器官
VO
(%) 		生殖器官
GO
(kg hm-2) 		生殖器官
GO
(%) 		营养器官
VO
(kg hm-2) 		营养器官
VO
(%) 		生殖器官
GO
(kg hm-2) 		生殖器官
GO
(%)
施钙量 Ca rate (kg hm-2)
Ca0 96.8 36.3 170.9 b 63.7 98.8 b 37.7 164.2 b 62.3
Ca600 100.7 a 32.4 211.6 a 67.6 104.3 a 34.3 201.2 a 65.7
施氮量 N rate (kg hm-2)
N0 81.5 e 36.5 143.1 d 63.5 86.5 c 38.7 137.9 e 61.3
N75 96.9 d 34.8 182.9 c 65.2 98.8 b 36.1 175.7 d 63.9
N150 100.9 c 33.6 201.0 b 66.4 107.0 a 33.8 210.6 a 66.2
处理
Treatment 		济阳Jiyang (JY) 饮马泉Yinmaquan (YMQ)
营养器官
VO
(kg hm-2) 		营养器官
VO
(%) 		生殖器官
GO
(kg hm-2) 		生殖器官
GO
(%) 		营养器官
VO
(kg hm-2) 		营养器官
VO
(%) 		生殖器官
GO
(kg hm-2) 		生殖器官
GO
(%)
N225 108.4 a 32.6 225.2 a 67.4 108.0 a 35.2 199.8 b 64.8
N300 106.0 b 34.3 204.3 b 65.7 107.2 a 36.3 189.4 c 63.7
施钙量×施氮量 Ca rate × N rate
Ca0×N0 78.0 g 38.2 126.2 g 61.8 82.2 d 40.1 122.6 h 59.9
Ca0×N75 94.1 e 36.9 161.0 f 63.1 95.1 c 37.7 156.8 g 62.3
Ca0×N150 98.7 d 35.9 176.6 e 64.1 104.9 ab 35.7 189.0 de 64.3
Ca0×N225 108.0 a 34.5 204.8 c 65.5 106.5 ab 36.9 182.4 e 63.1
Ca0×N300 105.2 ab 36.1 186.1 d 63.9 105.2 ab 38.2 170.0 f 61.8
Ca600×N0 85.0 f 34.7 160.0 f 65.3 90.9 c 37.3 153.2 g 62.7
Ca600×N75 99.6 cd 32.7 204.7 c 67.3 102.6 b 34.5 194.6 d 65.5
Ca600×N150 103.1 bc 31.4 225.3 b 68.6 109.2 a 32.0 232.3 a 68.0
Ca600×N225 108.7 a 30.7 245.5 a 69.3 109.5 a 33.5 217.2 b 66.5
Ca600×N300 106.9 ab 32.4 222.6 b 67.6 109.1 a 34.3 208.9 c 65.7
变异来源Source of variation
施钙量 Calcium (Ca) ** ** ** **
施氮量 Nitrogen (N) ** ** ** **
施钙量×施氮量 Ca×N ns ns ns ns

表5

不同施钙量和施氮量对花生产量和产量构成的影响"

处理
Treatment 		济阳Jiyang (JY) 饮马泉Yinmaquan (YMQ)
荚果产量
Pod yield
(kg hm-2) 		总果数
Total pods
(×104 pods hm-2) 		百果重
100-pod
weight (g) 		百仁重
100-kernel
weight (g) 		出仁率
Kernel rate
(%) 		荚果产量
Pod yield
(kg hm-2) 		总果数
Total pods
(×104 pods hm-2) 		百果重
100-pod
weight (g) 		百仁重
100-kernel
weight (g) 		出仁率
Kernel rate
(%)
钙量 Ca rate (kg hm-2)
Ca0 5034 b 330 b 229.0 b 94.6 b 70.6 a 5551 b 345 b 236.3 b 97.3 a 70.3 a
Ca600 5824 a 351 a 236.1 a 95.9 a 70.7 a 62,942 a 366 a 242.7 a 98.8 a 70.5 a
施氮量 N rate (kg hm-2)
N0 4401 d 312 d 218.1 d 92.7 d 70.0 a 5073 d 330 d 225.1 c 95.5 c 69.8 b
N75 5053 c 329 c 230.5 c 95.2 c 70.5 a 5648 c 344 c 238.9 b 98.0 b 70.3 ab
N150 5712 b 347 b 237.0 bc 96.1 c 70.8 a 6486 a 375 a 249.7 a 100.3 a 70.8 a
N225 6172 a 356 a 242.4 b 97.4 b 71.0 a 6348 a 367 b 244.3 ab 99.0 ab 70.6 a
N300 5805 b 352 a 234.8 a 94.8 a 70.8 a 6057 b 363 b 239.6 b 97.5 b 70.5 a
施钙量×施氮量 Ca rate × N rate
Ca0×N0 3903 g 299 f 210.8 f 92.3 d 69.8 c 4686 f 320 f 219.2 e 95.0 c 69.7 c
Ca0×N75 4500 f 313 e 228.3 de 94.4 c 70.6 ab 5219 e 331 e 235.4 c 97.2 b 70.0 bc
Ca0×N150 5379 d 336 c 233.6 cd 95.2 b 70.7 ab 6102 c 361 c 248.7 a 99.7 b 70.7 ab
Ca0×N225 5876 c 347 bc 239.4 bc 96.8 a 71.0 a 6044 c 359 c 241.5 b 98.1 b 70.6 ab
处理
Treatment 		济阳Jiyang (JY) 饮马泉Yinmaquan (YMQ)
荚果产量
Pod yield
(kg hm-2) 		总果数
Total pods
(×104 pods hm-2) 		百果重
100-pod
weight (g) 		百仁重
100-kernel
weight (g) 		出仁率
Kernel rate
(%) 		荚果产量
Pod yield
(kg hm-2) 		总果数
Total pods
(×104 pods hm-2) 		百果重
100-pod
weight (g) 		百仁重
100-kernel
weight (g) 		出仁率
Kernel rate
(%)
Ca0×N300 5510 cd 343 c 232.9 cd 94.3 c 70.7 ab 5703 d 355 c 236.8 c 96.7 bc 70.3 abc
Ca600×N0 4900 e 324 d 225.3 e 93.1 d 70.2 bc 5459 e 340 d 231.0 d 95.9 c 69.8 c
Ca600×N75 5606 c 345 c 232.7 cd 96.0 ab 70.5 ab 6078 c 357 c 242.4 b 98.9 ab 70.7 ab
Ca600×N150 6046 b 358 ab 240.3 ab 97.0 a 70.9 ab 6871 a 388 a 250.7 a 100.9 a 70.9 ab
Ca600×N225 6467 a 366 a 245.4 a 98.0 a 71.1 a 6651 a 374 b 247.1 a 99.9 ab 70.7 a
Ca600×N300 6099 b 360 a 236.7 bc 95.4 b 70.9 ab 6412 b 370 b 242.4 b 98.3 b 70.6 ab
变异来源Source of variation
施钙量 Calcium (Ca) ** ** ** * ns ** ** ** * ns
施氮量 Nitrogen (N) ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** **

图3

钙肥与氮肥互作对花生荚果产量的影响 **表示在0.01水平上显著相关。30个重复。 "

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