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作物学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (11): 2278-2289.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.02070

• 研究简报 • 上一篇    下一篇

强再生力水稻品种碳氮营养与激素生理特征研究

黄素华1(), 林席跃2, 雷正平2, 丁在松1,*(), 赵明1   

  1. 1中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 / 农业农村部作物生理生态与栽培重点开放实验室, 北京100081
    2江西省崇义县农业技术推广站, 江西崇义 341300
  • 收稿日期:2020-10-23 接受日期:2021-04-27 出版日期:2021-11-12 网络出版日期:2021-05-20
  • 通讯作者: 丁在松
  • 作者简介:E-mail: hsuhua@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0301602)

Physiological characters of carbon, nitrogen, and hormones in ratooning rice cultivars with strong regeneration ability

HUANG Su-Hua1(), LIN Xi-Yue2, LEI Zheng-Ping2, DING Zai-Song1,*(), ZHAO Ming1   

  1. 1Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
    2Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Chongyi 341300, Jiangxi, China
  • Received:2020-10-23 Accepted:2021-04-27 Published:2021-11-12 Published online:2021-05-20
  • Contact: DING Zai-Song
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0301602)

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摘要：

明确强再生力品种腋芽萌发的生理基础与激素调控特点对于再生稻品种筛选和栽培技术调控具有重要意义。本研究利用在江西崇义县建立的再生稻品种筛选平台, 分析了2019年筛选的13个品种头季收获时不同部位的非结构性碳水化合物(non-structural carbohydrate, NSC)及全氮含量, 并对促进和抑制腋芽萌发的主要激素油菜素内酯和独脚金内酯的合成和信号转导关键基因的表达进行了研究。结果表明, 13个品种的再生力存在较大的差异, 变化范围为1.26~2.38; 不同品种之间, 不同节位之间的叶片、叶鞘和茎秆的可溶性糖、淀粉和非结构性碳水化合物含量均存在极显著的差异(P值均小于0.001); 而全氮含量除了上下节位茎秆的差异不显著外, 其余的也均存在极显著的差异; 与再生力的相关性分析表明仅有下部节位茎秆的可溶性糖、淀粉和NSC含量与再生力相关性达到显著或极显著水平(R2分别为0.4442*、0.9000**和0.8303**), 而其他均无显著相关性。强再生力品种谷优676中BR合成和信号途径中促进分蘖的基因CYP90A、CYP852A、D2、BRI、BSK和CYCD3表达水平增高, 而抑制分蘖的基因CYP734A1、BZR和BKI表达水平较低。可见, 可以利用下部节位茎秆的淀粉含量作为强再生力品种的筛选指标, 同时以BR途径相关基因表达水平作为辅助指标。

关键词: 再生稻, 再生率, 淀粉含量, 油菜素内酯, 基因表达

Abstract:

It is of great significance to clarify the physiological basis and hormone regulation characteristics of axillary bud germination for the selection of ratoon rice cultivars with strong ratooning ability and the regulation of cultivation techniques. In this study, the content of non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) and total nitrogen in different parts of 13 cultivars selected in 2019 were analyzed at the first harvest stage using the screening platform established in Chongyi County, Jiangxi Province. The biosynthesis and signal transduction genes of brassinolides and strigolactones, which promoted and inhibited axillary bud germination, were also studied. The results showed that there were significant differences in the regeneration rate of 13 cultivars, ranging from 1.26 to 2.38. The contents of soluble sugar, starch and non-structural carbohydrate in leaves, leaf sheaths, and stems were significantly different among different cultivars at different node positions (P-values were all less than 0.001). The total nitrogen content was also significant difference among them except for the upper and lower node stems. The correlation analysis showed that the contents of the soluble sugar, starch and NSC of the stem at the lower node had significant or extremely significant correlation with the regeneration rates (R2 = 0.4442*, 0.9000**, and 0.8303**, respectively), while there was no significant correlation in others. The relative expression levels of tillering promoting genes (CYP90A, CYP85A2, D2, BRI, BSK, and CYCD3) in BR synthesis and signal pathway were higher, while the inhibited tillering genes (CYP734A1, BZR, and BKI) were lower in Guyou 676 with higher regeneration rates. In conclusion, the starch content in the stem at the lower node could be used as the screening index of strong regeneration ability cultivar, and also the relative expression levels of BR pathway related genes could be used as supplementary indexes.

Key words: ratoon rice, regeneration rate, starch content, brassinosteroid, gene expression

表1

试验材料名称、类型及产量特性"

品种类型
Cultivar type		 品种名称
Cultivar name		 品种来源
Variety source
籼型三系杂交稻
Three-line indica hybrid rice		 谷优676 Guyou 676 (GY676) 谷丰A×福恢676 Gufeng A×Fuhui 676
赣优7076 Ganyou 7076 (GY7076) 赣香A×福恢7076 Ganxiang A×Fuhui 7076
泸优明占 Luyoumingzhan (LYMZ) 泸香078A×华占 Luxiang 078A×Huazhan
籼型两系杂交稻
Two-line indica hybrid rice		 晶两优534 Jingliangyou 534 (JLY534) 晶4155S×R534 Jing 4155S×R534
晶两优华占 Jingliangyouhuazhan (JLYHZ) 晶4155S×华占 Jing 4155S×Huazhan
智两优5336 Zhiliangyou 5336 (ZLY5336) 智农S×闽恢5336 Zhinong S×Minhui 5336
晶两优粤农丝苗 Jingliangyouyuenongsimiao (JLYSM) 4155S×R1212
隆两优华占 Longliangyouhuazhan (LLYHZ) 隆科638S×华占 Longke 638S×Huazhan
隆两优3463 Longliangyou 3463 (LLY3463) 隆科638S×R3463 Longke 638S×R3463
晶两优1377 Jingliangyou 1377 (JLY1377) 晶4155S×R1377 Jing 4155S×R1377
徽两优丝苗 Huiliangyousimiao (HLYSM) 1892S×五山丝苗 1892S×Wushansimiao
深两优7011 Shenliangyou 7011 (SLY7011) 深08S×福恢7011 Shen 08S×Fuhui 7011
籼粳三系杂交稻
Three-line indica-japonica hybrid rice		 甬优4949 Yongyou 4949 (YY4949) 甬粳49A×F9249 Yongjing 49A×F9249

表2

基因表达分析的引物"

基因功能
Gene function		 基因
Gene		 基因座位
Locus		 上游引物
Forward primer (5′-3′)		 下游引物
Reverse primer (5′-3′)
内参References GAPDH Os02g0601300 CATGTTCAAGTATGACACCGTC CACCAGTAGACTCAACAACGTA
BR合成
BR synthesis		 CYP90B Os03g0227700 GAAGATCCTGCCGGTGTTAG TACTCTTCCATCTCCAGGGATT
CYP90A Os12g0139300 AGCCTCATCAATCTCACTCATT GTCTTGTACGCCGAGATGAG
D2 Os01g0197100 CCAACTGGAAGAGGAGAACATA ACATGTAGTCTGTCCATTGCAA
CYP85A2 Os03g0602300 TGGAGAAGAACATGGAATCACA GGAATGTTGCAATTTCTACGGT
CYP734A1-1 Os06g0600400 GCTAGCTAGGAAAAGACAGGAA GTACCACTAGTCTGTTAGCGAG
CYP 734A1-2 Os01g0388000 ACCACCACTGGAAGAAAATCTA CGTCTTGTTCTTGGTTGTTGTT
BR信号转导
BR signal transduction		 BRI Os01g0718300 GATGGCAATGTTCAAGGAGATC GAATGACTGTTGTTTCTACGGG
BSK Os10g0571300 CTTTTGAGTGGGAAGCACATAC TTAGCATACTGCCCTTCTAAGG
BKI Os08g0474500 GTCGTCCTTGTCCAATAATCG CCGGAGATGATGAACGAGTG
BZR Os07g0580500 ATTTGGGCGATTTCATTCTAGC CGTGAATAAAATCAGCCGTGAT
CYCD3 Os09g0111100 AGGGTTCAGTCCAAGAAAAAGA GACAAAACAGCTTCTTCCTCAC
SLs合成
SLs synthesis		 D10 Os04g0550600 TGCAAAGAAGATAGGGACAGAG GGAATCCCATTGGAAAAGTGAG
D17 Os01g0746400 CTGTACAAGTTCGAGTGGCA GTTGATGAAGTGGAACGTCAC
D27 Os11g0587000 AGAAGCTTCTGGGCTAAAGAAT ACCTTGATCATTGTGAGGATGT
SLs信号转导
SLs signal transduction		 D3 Os06g0154200 ATCTTTCACTATGGGAGCGATT CATGGATGAAAAGCTTCCTGAG
D14 Os03g0203200 AGAAAGAGAGAGAAGAAGCGAG CGCGCTCCCCTTTTATATACTA
D53 Os11g0104300 CTTCCTCTCCAAATTCCCCTT AGAGAAGAGAAAAGGCTTGACC
SPL14 Os08g0509600 GATGGATTGGTCTCTGTAGAGG TTGAACACAAAATAAGGGCAGG
TB1 Os03g0706500 CAATCTTGTGAGCACCGAATTG GTGTGTGGATGGATGATCACAT

表3

不同品种的生育期、产量和再生力"

品种
Cultivar		 头季生育期
Main crop
duration (d)		 再生季生育期
Ratoon crop
duration (d)		 总生育期
Whole crop
duration (d)		 头季产量
Main yield
(t hm-2)		 再生季产量
Ratoon yield
(t hm-2)		 年产量
Annual yield
(t hm-2)		 再生力
Regeneration rate
谷优676 GY676 136 71 207 9.42 b 5.25 c 14.37 cd 2.38 a
晶两优534 JLY534 145 72 217 9.48 b 6.17 b 15.65 a 1.99 b
晶两优华占 JLYHZ 140 72 212 8.98 c 5.03 c 14.01 cd 1.97 b
智两优5336 ZLY5336 145 72 217 7.65 e 4.45 d 12.10 f 1.94 b
晶两优粤农丝苗 JLYSM 145 72 217 8.80 c 4.58 d 13.38 e 1.86 b
隆两优华占 LLYHZ 142 72 214 10.13 a 4.53 d 14.66 b 1.85 b
隆两优3463 LLY3463 145 72 217 9.90 a 4.68 d 14.60 b 1.71 c
晶两优1377 JLY1377 147 74 221 9.83 a 5.10 c 14.93 b 1.68 c
深两优7011 SLY7011 147 74 221 8.40 d 4.58 d 12.98 e 1.60 c
甬优4949 YY4949 134 77 210 9.08 c 6.57 a 15.65 a 1.57 d
徽两优丝苗 HLYSM 145 72 217 8.18 d 4.05 e 12.23 f 1.55 d
赣优7076 GY7076 136 71 207 8.94 c 4.73 d 13.67 c 1.43 d
泸优明占 LYMZ 135 71 206 9.20 bc 4.65 d 13.85 c 1.26 e

图1

13个杂交稻品种再生力与再生季、头季及周年产量的相关性"

图2

头季收获前水稻植株上部与下部节位叶片(A)、叶鞘(B)和茎秆(C)的可溶性糖、淀粉和非结构性碳水化合物含量 缩略词同表1。"

表4

不同水稻品种不同节位间可溶性糖、淀粉和NSC含量方差分析"

器官
Organ		 差异源
Source of variation		 自由度
df		 可溶性糖SS 淀粉Starch 非结构性碳水化合物NSC
F P F P F P
叶片Leaf 节位 Node site 1 2113.78 8.66E-44 1727.37 1.44E-41 594.95 3.92E-30
品种 Cultivar 12 854.64 3.12E-55 387.53 2.20E-46 497.91 3.51E-49
叶鞘Sheath 节位 Node site 1 12,932.43 5.13E-64 832.86 1.13E-33 2473.73 1.59E-45
品种 Cultivar 12 1391.03 1.05E-60 173.85 1.63E-37 308.29 7.72E-44
茎秆Stem 节位 Node site 1 3384.81 5.26E-49 1396.50 3.03E-39 3923.92 1.19E-50
品种 Cultivar 12 2564.40 1.35E-67 1476.25 2.24E-61 3189.50 4.71E-70

图3

头季收获前水稻植株上部与下部节位叶片(A)、叶鞘(B)和茎秆(C)的可溶性糖、淀粉和非结构性碳水化合物含量的统计特征 箱图内的实线和虚线分别表示中位值和平均值; 箱图的上下边表示所有数据的上、下四分位数, 底部和顶部条形表示第5和第95个百分位, 底部和顶部圆点分别表示异常值。"

表5

再生力与不同部位叶片、叶鞘和茎秆的SS、淀粉和NSC含量的相关性"

器官
Organ		 部位
Site		 可溶性糖 SS 淀粉 Starch 非结构性碳水化合物 NSC
R2 F P R2 F P R2 F P
叶片Leaf 上部 Upper 0.0684 0.8077 0.3881 0.1077 1.3276 0.2737 0.1593 2.0851 0.1766
下部 Lower 0.0150 0.1678 0.6900 0.1692 2.2408 0.1625 0.1029 1.2623 0.2851
叶鞘Sheath 上部 Upper 0.0002 0.0026 0.9603 0.1917 2.6093 0.1345 0.0706 0.8362 0.3801
下部 Lower 0.2005 2.7586 0.1249 0.0784 0.9356 0.3542 0.1709 2.2681 0.1602
茎秆Stem 上部 Upper 0.3241 5.2743 0.0423 0.2771 4.2160 0.0646 0.3317 5.4589 0.0394
下部 Lower 0.4442* 8.7913 0.0129 0.9000** 98.9956 0.0000 0.8303** 53.8256 0.0000

图4

头季收获前水稻植株上部与下部节位叶片(左)、叶鞘(中)和茎秆(右)的全氮含量 缩略词同表1。"

图5

头季收获前水稻腋芽和叶片BR合成与代谢关键基因的相对表达量 缩略词同表1。同一类型柱图上方不同小写字母表示在0.05水平下差异显著。"

图6

头季收获前水稻腋芽和叶片BRs信号转导途径关键基因的相对表达量 缩略词同表1。同一类型柱图上方不同小写字母表示在0.05水平下差异显著。"

图7

头季收获前水稻腋芽和叶片SL合成和信号转导途径关键基因的相对表达量 缩略词同表1。同一类型柱图上方不同小写字母表示在0.05水平下差异显著。"

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