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作物学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (1): 151-164.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.11005

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

花前渍水锻炼调控花后小麦耐渍性的生理机制研究

马博闻(), 李庆, 蔡剑, 周琴, 黄梅, 戴廷波, 王笑*(), 姜东*()   

  1. 南京农业大学农学院 / 农业部作物生理生态与生产管理重点实验室, 江苏南京 210095
  • 收稿日期:2021-01-10 接受日期:2021-04-14 出版日期:2022-01-12 网络出版日期:2021-06-02
  • 通讯作者: 王笑,姜东
  • 作者简介:E-mail: 2017101016@njau.edu.cn, Tel: 025-84399623
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300107);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0300205);国家自然科学基金项目(31771693);国家自然科学基金项目(U1803235);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-03);江苏省协同创新中心项目资助(JCIC-MCP)

Physiological mechanisms of pre-anthesis waterlogging priming on waterlogging stress tolerance under post-anthesis in wheat

MA Bo-Wen(), LI Qing, CAI Jian, ZHOU Qin, HUANG Mei, DAI Ting-Bo, WANG Xiao*(), JIANG Dong*()   

  1. College Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2021-01-10 Accepted:2021-04-14 Published:2022-01-12 Published online:2021-06-02
  • Contact: WANG Xiao,JIANG Dong
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300107);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0300205);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31771693);National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1803235);China Agriculture Research System(CARS-03);Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production(JCIC-MCP)

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摘要：

采用对渍水胁迫和渍水锻炼响应差异的小麦品种为材料, 在四叶一心期和六叶一心期分别进行渍水锻炼2 d; 在开花后7 d进行渍水胁迫5 d, 分析不同小麦品种对渍水胁迫响应的差异及其生理机制。结果表明, 花后渍水胁迫显著降低旗叶叶绿素含量(SPAD)和实际光化学效率(ΦPSII), 抑制花后光合同化物积累(PAA), 导致籽粒千粒重和产量降低; 与不耐渍型品种相比, 耐渍型品种在渍水胁迫下可维持较高的SPAD、ΦPSII和PAA, 超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)以及谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)酶活性提高, 过氧化氢(H2O2)、超氧阴离子自由基(O2?)和丙二醛(MDA)含量较低。与花前未进行渍水锻炼和花后渍水处理(NW)相比, 花前渍水锻炼和花后渍水处理(PW)下, 渍水锻炼敏感型品种较渍水锻炼不敏感品种显著提高了花后渍水胁迫下小麦旗叶SPAD (8.8%)和ΦPSII (17.6%)、降低非调节性能量耗散ΦNO (10.7%)和调节性能量耗散ΦNPQ (16.5%), 提升SOD (15.8%)、CAT (17.8%)、APX (8.9%)以及GR (30.7%)酶活性, 增加了叶片可溶性糖(17.5%)和蔗糖含量(21.6%), 促进花前贮藏物质向籽粒的转运率REP (20.0%), 同步提升PAA (10.8%)。与不耐渍型品种相比, 耐渍型小麦品种在花后渍水胁迫下旗叶的光合能力、抗氧化能力和干物质向籽粒的转运能力更强。花前渍水锻炼提高了各品种小麦花后渍水胁迫下旗叶的光合能力、抗氧化能力和干物质向籽粒的转运能力, 增强了小麦耐渍性; 与渍水锻炼不敏感型品种相比, 渍水锻炼敏感型品种的光合能力和抗氧化酶活性增幅较大。

关键词: 小麦, 渍水胁迫, 渍水锻炼, 荧光参数, 抗氧化能力

Abstract:

In order to investigate the responses and mechanisms of different wheat varieties to waterlogging stress and waterlogging priming, waterlogging priming was conducted for two days at the four-leaf and six-leaf stages, respectively, and waterlogging stress was performed for five days at post-anthesis using wheat varieties with different responses to waterlogging stress and waterlogging priming as experimental materials. Results showed that waterlogging stress significantly reduced chlorophyll content (SPAD) and actual photochemical efficiency (ΦPSII), inhibited the accumulation of post-anthesis photosynthetic assimilation accumulation (PAA), decreased kernel weight and grain yield. Compared with the waterlogging-sensitive varieties, the waterlogging-tolerance varieties could maintain higher SPAD, ΦPSII and PAA, and higher activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR), lower contents of H2O2, O2?production rate and malondialdehyde (MDA) under post-anthesis waterlogging stress. Compared with non-primed plants, primed plants could maintain higher chlorophyll fluorescence performance and higher activities of antioxidant enzymes. Compared with the waterlogging priming-insensitive varieties, the priming-sensitive varieties increased SPAD (8.8%) and ΦPSII (17.6%), decreased the non-regulated energy dissipation ΦNO (10.7%) and the regulation energy dissipation ΦNPQ (16.5%), increased the activities of SOD (15.8%), CAT (17.8%), APX (8.9%) and GR (30.7%), increased the contents of total soluble sugar (17.5%) and sucrose (21.6%), increased remobilization efficiency of pre-anthesis stored dry matter (REP, 20.0%) and PAA (10.8%). The waterlogging tolerant varieties could maintain higher photosynthesis rate, dry matter translocation capacity and activities of antioxidant enzymes. Compared with waterlogging sensitive varieties, the increase amplitude of photosynthetic ability and antioxidant enzyme activity of priming-sensitive cultivars was higher under waterlogging stress.

Key words: wheat, waterlogging stress, waterlogging priming, fluorescence parameters, antioxidant capacity

表1

小麦播种前土壤基础地力"

年份
Year		 有机质
Organic matter
(g kg-1)		 全氮
Total nitrogen
(g kg-1)		 速效氮
Available nitrogen
(mg kg-1)		 速效磷
Available phosphorus
(mg kg-1)		 速效钾
Available potassium
(mg kg-1)
2018-2019 17.63 1.02 28.03 18.90 130.66
2019-2020 16.34 0.99 30.95 23.02 137.46

表2

供试品种"

编号
No.		 品种名称
Variety		 类型
Type		 编号
No.		 品种名称
Variety		 类型
Type
1 淮麦22 Huaimai 22 锻炼敏感且耐渍 ST 9 师栾02-1 Shiluan 02-1 锻炼不敏感且耐渍 IT
2 齐大195 Qida 195 锻炼敏感且耐渍 ST 10 汶农17 Wennong 17 锻炼不敏感且耐渍 IT
3 扬麦20 Yangmai 20 锻炼敏感且耐渍 ST 11 周麦27 Zhoumai 27 锻炼不敏感且耐渍 IT
4 镇麦10 Zhenmai 10 锻炼敏感且耐渍 ST 12 扬麦9号 Yangmai 9 锻炼不敏感且耐渍 IT
5 衡4399 Heng 4399 锻炼敏感且不耐渍 SI 13 济麦22 Jimai 22 锻炼不敏感且不耐渍 II
6 京冬22 Jingdong 22 锻炼敏感且不耐渍 SI 14 济南矮6号 Jinanai 6 锻炼不敏感且不耐渍 II
7 鲁垦麦9号 Lukenmai 9 锻炼敏感且不耐渍 SI 15 石麦22 Shimai 22 锻炼不敏感且不耐渍 II
8 郑麦004 Zhengmai 004 锻炼敏感且不耐渍 SI 16 中麦175 Zhongmai 175 锻炼不敏感且不耐渍 II

图1

渍水锻炼和花后渍水胁迫下土壤氧化还原电位Eh (mV)的变化 C: 花前未渍水锻炼处理; P: 花前渍水锻炼处理; CK: 对照处理; PW: 花前渍水锻炼和花后渍水胁迫处理; NW: 花前未渍水锻炼和花后渍水胁迫处理。"

表3

渍水锻炼对花后渍水胁迫下小麦产量及其构成因素的影响"

品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 2019 2020
穗数 穗粒数 千粒重 产量 穗数 穗粒数 千粒重 产量
Spikes Kernels 1000-kernel Grain yield Spikes Kernels 1000-kernel Grain yield
pot-1 spike-1 weight (g) (g plot-1) pot-1 spike-1 weight (g) (g plot-1)
1 CK 22.5 a 38.0 a 52.1 a 44.5 a 24.7 a 37.8 a 49.9 a 46.6 a
PW 22.5 a 40.6 a 47.9 ab 43.7 ab 24.7 a 37.9 a 49.3 a 46.1 a
NW 22.0 a 41.1 a 45.5 b 41.1 b 24.7 a 37.5 a 46.9 b 43.3 b
2 CK 26.0 a 40.3 a 33.4 a 35.0 a 24.3 a 39.5 a 33.7 a 32.3 a
PW 26.5 a 42.3 a 30.1 a 33.7 ab 24.7 a 40.6 a 30.8 b 30.8 ab
NW 26.0 a 44.9 a 28.1a 32.5 b 24.3 a 40.1 a 29.9 c 29.2 b
3 CK 20.5 a 42.2 a 37.2 a 32.2 a 20.0 a 42.1 b 37.0 a 31.1 a
PW 21.0 a 42.0 a 35.5 a 31.2 a 20.0 a 42.8 ab 35.1 a 30.0 a
NW 20.5 a 43.7 a 33.3 a 29.8 b 19.3 a 43.5 a 32.0 b 26.9 b
4 CK 21.5 a 34.8 a 44.0 a 32.8 a 18.3 a 35.5 a 44.1 a 28.7 a
PW 20.5 a 35.6 a 43.4 a 31.7 a 19.3 a 33.9 a 43.6 a 28.6 a
NW 20.5 a 38.6 a 37.8 b 29.9 b 19.0 a 34.2 a 40.0 b 26.0 a
5 CK 22.0 a 36.6 a 51.8 a 41.7 a 23.0 a 38.3 a 51.4 a 45.3 a
PW 22.5 a 36.3 a 46.2 ab 37.7 ab 23.3 a 38.7 a 40.7 b 36.7 b
NW 22.0 a 37.3 a 40.4 b 33.1 b 21.7 a 39.9 a 38.3 c 33.1 b
6 CK 19.5 a 27.8 a 61.6 a 33.4 a 26.3 a 28.6 a 59.2 a 44.7 a
PW 20.5 a 27.4 a 47.6 b 26.7 b 26.7 a 28.1 a 55.3 b 41.3 b
NW 20.5 a 26.6 a 45.7 b 24.9 b 25.7 a 29.3 a 47.7 c 35.9 c
7 CK 24.0 a 42.7 a 45.6 a 46.7 a 29.3 a 42.3 a 44.1 a 54.7 a
PW 24.0 a 43.5 a 36.9 b 38.5 b 29.3 a 43.8 a 37.4 b 48.1 b
NW 23.5 a 41.9 a 34.4 b 33.9 b 30.0 a 42.7 a 33.0 c 42.3 c
8 CK 17.0 a 40.1 a 50.3 a 34.3 a 21.3 a 38.2 a 47.4 a 38.6 a
PW 17.0 a 40.4 a 38.6 b 26.5 b 22.0 a 37.3 a 39.7 b 32.6 b
NW 16.5 a 38.9 a 34.8 b 22.3 c 21.3 a 37.5 a 37.5 c 29.9 b
9 CK 21.5 a 31.7 a 49.0 a 33.3 a 32.7 a 31.7 a 44.7 a 46.1 a
PW 22.0 a 33.9 a 43.4 a 32.3 a 33.0 a 31.6 a 42.3 b 44.1 a
NW 22.0 a 32.2 a 44.7 a 31.7 a 32.3 a 31.6 a 42.2 b 43.1 a
10 CK 22.0 a 37.6 a 50.0 a 41.1 a 22.7 a 38.7 a 47.9 a 42.0 a
PW 21.5 a 39.8 a 45.2 b 38.5 a 23.0 a 37.8 a 47.1 a 40.9 a
NW 21.5 a 39.7 a 45.9 b 39.1 a 23.0 a 37.3 a 46.5 a 39.8 a
11 CK 23.0 a 29.3 a 43.1 a 29.0 a 24.7 a 29.5 a 41.4 a 30.1 a
PW 22.5 a 31.4 a 39.6 b 27.9 a 23.7 a 30.1 a 40.6 a 28.9 a
NW 23.0 a 32.3 a 37.3 b 27.7 a 23.3 a 31.2 a 37.3 b 27.2 a
12 CK 20.5 a 48.2 a 31.3 a 32.4 a 12.7 a 49.6 a 32.6 a 20.4 a
PW 19.5 a 51.9 a 30.2 a 30.6 a 12.0 a 50.7 a 33.2 a 20.2 a
NW 19.5 a 50.3 a 30.1 a 31.5 a 12.0 a 51.3 a 31.2 b 19.2 a
13 CK 23.0 a 40.2 a 53.2 a 49.2 a 26.3 a 40.1 a 48.8 a 51.6 a
PW 22.5 a 41.0 a 37.2 b 34.2 b 26.0 a 39.6 a 40.4 b 41.5 b
NW 23.0 a 40.1 a 36.5 b 33.6 b 24.7 a 41.0 a 41.7 b 42.2 b
14 CK 23.5 a 27.3 a 62.9 a 40.4 a 28.7 a 26.2 a 54.3 a 40.7 a
PW 23.5 a 26.5 a 43.2 b 26.9 b 28.3 a 25.9 a 45.3 b 33.2 b
品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 2019 2020
穗数 穗粒数 千粒重 产量 穗数 穗粒数 千粒重 产量
Spikes Kernels 1000-kernel Grain yield Spikes Kernels 1000-kernel Grain yield
pot-1 spike-1 weight (g) (g plot-1) pot-1 spike-1 weight (g) (g plot-1)
NW 23.5 a 26.6 a 41.6 b 26.0 b 27.3 a 27.1 a 45.7 b 33.9 b
15 CK 27.5 a 24.9 a 53.6 a 36.8 a 35.0 a 24.1 a 51.4 a 43.3 a
PW 26.5 a 24.3 a 43.8 b 28.2 b 35.0 a 24.6 a 36.8 b 31.7 b
NW 25.0 a 25.3 a 43.0 b 27.1 b 36.0 a 23.7 a 35.1 c 30.0 b
16 CK 19.0 a 35.6 a 51.8 a 35.0 a 16.7 a 36.2 a 50.1 a 30.1 a
PW 19.0 a 35.0 a 43.4 b 28.8 b 16.3 a 35.7 a 40.1 b 23.4 b
NW 20.0 a 34.6 a 42.1 b 29.1 b 16.3 a 36.7 a 37.6 c 22.6 b

图2

渍水锻炼对花后渍水胁迫下小麦叶片叶绿素含量(SPAD)和实际光化学效率(ΦPSII)的影响 不同字母表示品种内处理间在P < 0.05水平差异显著。品种信息同表2。处理同图1。"

图3

渍水锻炼对花后渍水胁迫下小麦叶片非调节性能量耗散(ΦNO)和调节性能量耗散(ΦNPQ)的影响 不同字母表示品种内处理间在P < 0.05水平差异显著。品种信息同表2。处理同图1。"

图4

渍水锻炼对花后渍水胁迫下小麦干物质积累与转运的影响 RAP: 花前贮藏物质转运量; REP: 花前贮藏物质转运率; CTA: 花前贮藏物质对籽粒贡献率; PAA: 花后光合同化量。不同字母表示品种内处理间在P < 0.05水平差异显著。品种信息同表2。处理同图1。"

图5

渍水锻炼对花后渍水胁迫下小麦叶片可溶性总糖含量和蔗糖含量的影响 不同字母表示品种内处理间在P < 0.05水平差异显著。品种信息同表2。处理同图1。"

图6

渍水锻炼对花后渍水胁迫下小麦叶片超氧阴离子自由基(O2?)产生速率和过氧化氢(H2O2)含量的影响 不同字母表示品种内处理间在P < 0.05水平差异显著。品种信息同表2。处理同图1。"

图7

渍水锻炼对花后渍水胁迫下小麦叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响 不同字母表示品种内处理间在P < 0.05水平差异显著。品种信息同表2。处理同图1。"

图8

渍水锻炼对花后渍水胁迫下小麦叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的影响 不同字母表示品种内处理间在P < 0.05水平差异显著。品种信息同表2。处理同图1。"

图9

渍水锻炼对花后渍水胁迫下小麦叶片谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性的影响 不同字母表示品种内处理间在P < 0.05水平差异显著。品种信息同表2。处理同图1。"

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