穗肥氮素用量与结实期遮光复合作用对常规粳稻品质的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.12039

作物学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (7): 1730-1745.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.12039

穗肥氮素用量与结实期遮光复合作用对常规粳稻品质的影响

陶钰(), 姚宇, 王坤庭, 邢志鹏(), 翟海涛, 冯源, 刘秋员, 胡雅杰, 郭保卫, 魏海燕, 张洪程

扬州大学江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室 / 江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心 / 扬州大学水稻产业工程技术研究院, 江苏扬州225009

收稿日期:2021-06-06 接受日期:2021-10-19 出版日期:2022-07-12 网络出版日期:2021-11-17
通讯作者: 邢志鹏
作者简介:E-mail: 1067216721@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(31801293);国家自然科学基金项目(31971841);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300503);江苏省大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202011117087Y);江苏省高校优势学科建设工程项目资助

Combined effects of panicle nitrogen fertilizer amount and shading during grain filling period on grain quality of conventional japonica rice

TAO Yu(), YAO Yu, WANG Kun-Ting, XING Zhi-Peng(), ZHAI Hai-Tao, FENG Yuan, LIU Qiu-Yuan, HU Ya-Jie, GUO Bao-Wei, WEI Hai-Yan, ZHANG Hong-Cheng

Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology / Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops / Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China

Received:2021-06-06 Accepted:2021-10-19 Published:2022-07-12 Published online:2021-11-17
Contact: XING Zhi-Peng
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(31801293);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971841);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300503);Innovative Training Program for College Students of Jiangsu Province(202011117087Y);Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

氮素穗肥用量和结实期遮光可通过影响叶片光合和植株氮营养状况对水稻籽粒碳氮代谢能力产生调节作用, 从而形成不同特征的稻米品质。为探明氮素穗肥用量与结实期遮光复合作用对常规粳稻品质的影响, 于2019—2020年以生育期相近的常规粳稻淮稻5号、南粳9108和扬农香28为材料, 设置40.5 kg hm^-2(N1)、81.0 kg hm^-2(N2)、121.5 kg hm^-2(N3) 3个氮素穗肥用量处理, 并于抽穗至成熟期采用人工遮阴方式控制水稻冠层光照, 包括100%自然光照(S0)和50%自然光照(S50)处理, 研究了结实期不同光氮处理组合对稻米品质的影响效应。结果表明: 糙米率、精米率、整精米率在S0条件下随氮素穗肥用量的增加呈先升后降趋势, 在S50条件下呈下降趋势, 其中S0N2处理的整精米率最高, 加工品质较好; 垩白粒率和垩白度均呈S50N3 > S50N2 > S50N1 > S0N3 > S0N2 > S0N1的趋势, 且穗肥氮素用量的增加和结实期遮光对稻米提高垩白粒率和垩白度具有累加作用。穗肥氮素用量增加和结实期遮光均降低直链淀粉含量和胶稠度, 提高蛋白质含量, 其中谷蛋白的变异系数高于其他蛋白组分。穗肥氮素用量增加和结实期遮光不利于稻米食味值评分, 不同品种的食味特征值对食味值评分的直接影响有差异。水稻淀粉的峰值黏度、崩解值随穗肥氮素用量增加和结实期光照强度下降而降低, 消减值则上升, 光氮复合作用增加了上述指标的差异。在穗肥氮素用量与结实期遮光复合作用下从直链淀粉含量和蛋白质含量比值趋势性变化来分析, 结实期植株碳氮代谢能力强弱发生了变化。直链淀粉含量和蛋白质含量均与稻米食味值评分呈极显著的负相关关系, 其中蛋白质的相关系数更大。因此, 适量减施氮素穗肥有利于水稻结实期遭遇寡照后的稻米加工品质、外观品质及蒸煮食味品质提升, 并且降低直链淀粉含量特别是蛋白质含量可能是提升稻米食味的有效途径, 以期为优质水稻丰产调优栽培技术的更新提供依据。

关键词: 穗肥氮素用量, 结实期遮光, 常规粳稻, 稻米品质

Abstract:

Panicle nitrogen fertilizer amount and shading during grain filling period directly and obviously regulated the relationship between carbon and nitrogen metabolism of rice grains by affecting leaf photosynthesis and plant nitrogen nutrition, which would be benefit to forming different characteristics of rice quality. In order to investigate the combined effect between panicle nitrogen fertilizer amount and shading during grain filling period on quality of conventional japonica rice, field experiments were carried out with three panicle nitrogen application treatments of 40.5 kg hm^-2 (N1), 81.0 kg hm^-2 (N2) and 121.5 kg hm^-2 (N3) at the same amount of basal and tilling fertilizers, and two artificial shading treatments of 100% natural light (S0) and 50% natural light (S50) during grain filling period in 2019 and 2020. The quality characteristics of conventional japonica rice Huaidao 5, Nanjing 9108, and Yangnongxiang 28 were determined under different light and nitrogen conditions during grain filling period. Results showed that with the increase of panicle nitrogen fertilizer amount, the brown rice rate, milled rice rate, and heading rice rate firstly increased and then decreased under S0 and decreased under S50. The brown rice rate, milled rice rate and heading rice rate of S0 were significantly higher than S50, while the processing quality of S0N2 with higher heading rice rate was the best among all treatments. The chalkiness grain percentage and chalkiness degree of rice had a trend of S50N3 > S50N2 > S50N1 > S0N3 > S0N2 > S0N1. Therefore, the increase of panicle nitrogen fertilizer amount and the shading during grain filling period had a cumulative effect on the increase of chalkiness grain rate and chalkiness degree of rice. Both the increase of panicle nitrogen fertilizer amount and shading during grain filling period decreased the amylose content and gel consistency, but increased the protein content. And the variation coefficient of glutelin was higher than other protein components among treatments. The rice taste value was decreased with the increase of panicle nitrogen fertilizer amount and the shading during grain filling period, while the direct influence of taste characteristic value on taste value was different among rice varieties. The peak viscosity and breakdown viscosity of rice starch decreased with the increase of panicle nitrogen fertilizer amount and the shading during grain filling period, while the setback viscosity increased. And the combination of light and nitrogen increased the difference of the above viscosity indexes among treatments. Based on the ratio of amylose content to protein content under different treatments of panicle nitrogen fertilizer amount and shading during grain filling period, the carbon and nitrogen metabolism ability of plants at grain filling stage were changed. In addition, the amylose content and protein content were significantly negatively correlated with taste value, while the correlation coefficient of protein was bigger than amylose content. Thus, an appropriate reduction of panicle nitrogen application fertilizer amount was beneficial to the improvement of rice processing quality, appearance quality and cooking and eating quality at grain filling stage with shading. The reduction of amylose content and especially the reduction of protein content might be an effective way to improve rice taste. The results would provide scientific support for the innovation of high yield and good taste rice cultivation techniques.

Key words: panicle nitrogen fertilizer amount, shading during grain filling period, conventional japonica rice, rice grain quality

陶钰, 姚宇, 王坤庭, 邢志鹏, 翟海涛, 冯源, 刘秋员, 胡雅杰, 郭保卫, 魏海燕, 张洪程. 穗肥氮素用量与结实期遮光复合作用对常规粳稻品质的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(7): 1730-1745.

TAO Yu, YAO Yu, WANG Kun-Ting, XING Zhi-Peng, ZHAI Hai-Tao, FENG Yuan, LIU Qiu-Yuan, HU Ya-Jie, GUO Bao-Wei, WEI Hai-Yan, ZHANG Hong-Cheng. Combined effects of panicle nitrogen fertilizer amount and shading during grain filling period on grain quality of conventional japonica rice[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2022, 48(7): 1730-1745.

图/表 10

图1

表1

表2

稻米主要品质指标方差分析"

变异来源 Source of variation	品种 Variety	结实期遮光 S	穗肥氮素用量 N	V×S	V×N	S×N	V×S×N
2019
自由度df	2	1	2	2	4	2	4
糙米率BR	43.64^**	865.15^**	10.23^**	11.50^**	1.44	6.42^**	0.59
精米率MR	7.74^**	562.23^**	5.04^*	6.96^**	1.05	14.01^**	1.78
整精米率HMR	37.43^**	579.52^**	175.22^**	33.10^**	7.18^**	19.25^**	18.90^**
长宽比L/W	711.69^**	57.22^**	12.92^**	0.84	0.69	0.25	0.10
垩白粒率CR	1960.53^**	1596.48^**	44.69^**	204.25^**	4.30^*	1.72	5.97^**
垩白度CD	1587.24^**	1354.16^**	70.92^**	286.02^**	5.76^**	0.05	3.24^*
蛋白质含量PC	249.22^**	2873.18^**	328.95^**	12.31^**	19.03^**	8.55^**	12.91^**
直链淀粉含量AC	2486.33^**	212.73^**	47.42^**	4.19^*	11.12^**	17.67^**	4.32^*
变异来源 Source of variation	品种 Variety	结实期遮光 S	穗肥氮素用量 N	V×S	V×N	S×N	V×S×N
胶稠度GC	40.53^**	136.71^**	56.39^**	29.37^**	1.97	9.22^**	4.75^**
峰值黏度PKV	27.69^**	98.86^**	46.49^**	12.00^**	0.42	0.23	0.42
崩解值BDV	34.00^**	27.30^**	4.95^*	0.19	0.19	0.35	0.16
消减值SBV	209.41^**	37.66^**	3.86^*	0.21	0.16	0.27	0.26
食味值TV	98.63^**	262.66^**	88.13^**	3.99^*	3.76^*	7.86^**	1.07
2020
自由度df	2	1	2	2	4	2	4
糙米率BR	51.22^**	837.95^**	12.06^**	29.34^**	0.49	21.88^**	0.63
精米率MR	38.68^**	779.72^**	6.24^**	5.08^*	0.89	11.25^**	0.57
整精米率HMR	31.87^**	963.21^**	29.69^**	17.68^**	0.40	24.29^**	0.22
长宽比L/W	982.48^**	185.21^**	5.55^*	16.92^**	0.21	0.05	0.48
垩白粒率CR	222.88^**	157.15^**	10.49^**	18.72^**	0.14	0.08	0.99
垩白度CD	1069.80^**	979.58^**	77.22^**	136.40^**	5.47^**	12.16^**	4.79^**
蛋白质含量PC	12.05^**	1594.94^**	524.65^**	12.57^**	35.05^**	45.89^**	10.57^**
直链淀粉含量AC	2579.38^**	320.68^**	59.30^**	27.81^**	8.99^**	17.59^**	5.22^**
胶稠度GC	21.77^**	259.25^**	44.90^**	7.94^**	3.51^*	9.49^**	1.07
峰值黏度PKV	302.75^**	689.50^**	48.70^**	13.19^**	0.85	3.71^*	1.94
崩解值BDV	27.58^**	45.75^**	2.30	0.32	0.04	0.16	0.04
消减值SBV	359.27^**	74.45^**	2.65	1.95	0.07	0.22	0.18
食味值TV	1409.90^**	302.24^**	159.91^**	29.46^**	3.47^*	6.91^**	11.07^**

表2

表3

穗肥氮素用量和结实期遮光对稻米加工品质的影响"

品种 Variety	结实期遮光S	穗肥氮素用量N	青米率 GR (%)	糙米率 BR (%)	精米率 MR (%)	整精米率 HMR (%)	糙米产量 BY (kg hm^-2)	精米产量 MR (kg hm^-2)	整精米产量 HMR (kg hm^-2)
2019
淮稻5号 Huaidao 5	S0	N1	3.5 c	84.3 a	75.4 a	72.4 a	8183.8 c	7317.6 c	7024.9 b
		N2	3.9 bc	84.7 a	76.4 a	72.8 a	8850.3 a	7976.0 a	7605.2 a
		N3	5.4 bc	83.6 a	75.7 a	66.4 b	8566.0 b	7752.9 b	6803.8 c
	S50	N1	7.1 ab	79.3 b	71.3 b	66.3 b	5483.5 f	4931.6 e	4583.4 d
		N2	9.8 a	79.0 b	70.2 b	64.0 c	5877.4 d	5223.3 d	4764.5 d
		N3	10.4 a	77.6 c	70.1 b	62.5 c	5727.2 e	5177.6 d	4611.7 d
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	S0	N1	4.6 b	81.6 b	74.5 b	71.3 a	8141.7 c	7438.2 c	7117.2 b
		N2	4.8 b	83.1 a	76.7 a	71.4 a	8828.9 a	8141.1 a	7586.4 a
		N3	5.4 b	81.4 b	74.7 b	64.9 bc	8545.3 b	7836.2 b	6813.8 c
	S50	N1	10.8 a	78.2 c	71.7 c	66.8 b	5361.3 f	4920.6 f	4584.5 d
		N2	11.4 a	77.9 c	71.7 c	64.7 c	5602.3 d	5157.8 d	4653.9 d
		N3	11.8 a	77.0 c	71.1 c	61.5 d	5450.7 e	5029.5 e	4354.4 e
扬农香28 Yangnongxiang 28	S0	N1	6.1 d	81.7 b	74.2 b	70.6 a	7031.4 c	6379.7 c	6073.6 c
		N2	8.3 cd	83.4 a	75.9 a	71.3 a	8696.6 a	7914.8 a	7430.0 a
		N3	10.8 bc	82.7 ab	75.5 a	67.2 b	8355.4 b	7630.0 b	6786.5 b
品种 Variety	结实期遮光S	穗肥氮素用量N	青米率 GR (%)	糙米率 BR (%)	精米率 MR (%)	整精米率 HMR (%)	糙米产量 BY (kg hm^-2)	精米产量 MR (kg hm^-2)	整精米产量 HMR (kg hm^-2)
	S50	N1	11.6 b	76.5 c	71.0 c	66.8 b	4563.3 e	4237.3 e	3987.6 d
		N2	13.3 b	76.0 c	69.5 d	58.8 c	5312.7 d	4855.5 d	4109.6 d
		N3	17.8 a	75.7 c	68.5 d	51.5 d	5267.0 d	4768.7 d	3582.4 e
2020
淮稻5号 Huaidao 5	S0	N1	2.1 c	85.2 a	76.9 a	76.1 a	7702.8 c	6953.3 c	6885.9 c
		N2	3.0 c	85.3 a	77.3 a	76.5 a	8507.5 a	7709.7 a	7626.4 a
		N3	3.4 c	85.3 a	77.1 a	75.5 a	8151.4 b	7366.0 b	7218.2 b
	S50	N1	4.3 c	83.0 b	73.3 b	67.9 b	5975.8 e	5274.8 e	4885.9 d
		N2	10.4 b	82.1 c	71.7 c	63.6 c	6380.2 d	5571.8 d	4946.4 d
		N3	14.2 a	81.3 d	71.6 c	62.3 c	6407.7 d	5640.1 d	4910.3 d
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	S0	N1	2.2 c	85.2 a	78.0 ab	76.9 a	8220.3 c	7524.7 b	7417.1 b
		N2	2.6 c	85.4 a	78.8 a	77.3 a	8387.9 a	7740.3 a	7592.4 a
		N3	5.0 bc	85.3 a	77.7 b	75.6 a	8290.1 b	7553.5 b	7347.3 b
	S50	N1	7.9 ab	83.5 b	74.8 c	72.4 b	6055.5 e	5425.8 c	5250.2 c
		N2	8.9 a	83.2 b	74.4 c	67.2 c	6151.9 d	5497.8 c	4965.8 d
		N3	10.3 a	82.0 c	73.9 c	65.7 c	6089.9 de	5488.8 c	4879.4 d
扬农香28 Yangnongxiang 28	S0	N1	2.3 e	84.5 a	77.2 a	75.4 a	8280.1 b	7556.7 b	7382.7 b
		N2	3.6 de	85.2 a	77.6 a	76.2 a	8720.3 a	7941.0 a	7796.6 a
		N3	6.0 d	85.1 a	77.3 a	75.5 a	8657.8 a	7861.2 a	7682.1 a
	S50	N1	11.3 c	81.3 b	73.6 b	65.7 b	5580.9 d	5051.6 c	4509.3 c
		N2	14.7 b	80.4 c	72.1 c	62.0 c	5535.0 d	4960.8 d	4267.6 d
		N3	18.5 a	79.7 c	72.0 c	59.9 c	5668.0 c	5118.6 c	4256.4 d

表3

表4

表5

穗肥氮素用量和结实期遮光对稻米蒸煮食味及营养品质的影响"

品种 Variety	结实期遮光 S	穗肥氮素用量 N	直链淀粉含量 AC (%)	胶稠度 GC (mm)	蛋白质含量 PC (%)	AC/PC	蛋白组分含量(干基) Protein component content (dry base) (mg g^-1)
品种 Variety	结实期遮光 S	穗肥氮素用量 N	直链淀粉含量 AC (%)	胶稠度 GC (mm)	蛋白质含量 PC (%)	AC/PC	清蛋白 Albumin	球蛋白 Globulin	醇溶蛋白 Prolamin	谷蛋白 Glutelin
2019
淮稻5号 Huaidao 5	S0	N1	19.9 a	75.3 a	9.4 e	2.11 a	4.83 c	4.46 c	5.83 d	47.79 e
		N2	19.8 a	75.1 a	9.7 d	2.04 a	4.87 c	4.77 b	6.38 bc	52.99 d
		N3	18.9 b	75.0 a	10.5 c	1.79 b	5.20 ab	4.82 b	6.53 b	54.67 d
	S50	N1	19.2 ab	68.7 b	10.5 c	1.84 b	4.96 bc	4.99 b	6.29 c	58.02 c
		N2	17.8 c	64.3 c	11.8 b	1.50 c	5.13 abc	5.49 a	6.87 a	65.24 b
		N3	14.9 d	56.7 d	12.2 a	1.22 d	5.30 a	5.73 a	6.98 a	70.61 a
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	S0	N1	10.4 a	65.7 a	9.8 e	1.06 a	4.87 d	5.04 d	6.08 c	48.09 e
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108		N2	10.2 ab	63.7 ab	10.1 d	1.00 ab	5.11 d	5.05 d	6.20 c	50.60 e
品种 Variety	结实期遮光 S	穗肥氮素用量 N	直链淀粉含量 AC (%)	胶稠度 GC (mm)	蛋白质含量 PC (%)	AC/PC	蛋白组分含量(干基) Protein component content (dry base) (mg g^-1)
品种 Variety	结实期遮光 S	穗肥氮素用量 N	直链淀粉含量 AC (%)	胶稠度 GC (mm)	蛋白质含量 PC (%)	AC/PC	清蛋白 Albumin	球蛋白 Globulin	醇溶蛋白 Prolamin	谷蛋白 Glutelin
		N3	10.0 ab	60.3 bc	10.4 c	0.96 b	5.92 b	5.22 cd	6.44 b	56.66 d
	S50	N1	9.6 b	65.0 a	11.6 b	0.83 c	5.43 c	5.44 bc	6.85 a	61.71 c
		N2	8.4 c	63.7 ab	12.1 a	0.69 d	5.59 c	5.61 b	6.88 a	66.95 b
		N3	8.4 c	58.0 c	12.3 a	0.68 d	6.59 a	6.08 a	6.93 a	76.22 a
扬农香28 Yangnongxiang 28	S0	N1	10.3 a	72.7 a	8.5 e	1.21 a	4.39 d	4.04 d	6.23 b	47.24 c
		N2	10.3 a	72.6 a	9.0 d	1.14 a	5.09 b	4.24 d	6.28 b	49.35 c
		N3	10.1 ab	64.7 b	9.9 c	1.02 b	6.38 a	4.52 c	6.38 b	50.60 c
	S50	N1	9.4 b	69.7 a	10.8 b	0.88 c	4.78 c	4.81 b	6.97 a	64.54 b
		N2	8.3 c	60.3 c	10.9 b	0.76 d	5.25 b	4.82 b	7.06 a	65.60 b
		N3	8.1 c	57.0 c	11.7 a	0.70 d	6.62 a	5.14 a	7.14 a	72.98 a
2020
淮稻5号 Huaidao 5	S0	N1	18.7 a	73.3 a	9.3 e	2.02 a	3.75 b	4.01 d	5.66 c	45.65 c
		N2	18.7 a	73.0 a	9.7 d	1.97 a	3.78 b	4.09 cd	5.82 bc	49.87 b
		N3	18.0 b	72.0 a	10.1 c	1.84 b	3.80 b	4.10 cd	6.02 b	51.99 b
	S50	N1	17.0 c	67.0 b	10.2 c	1.68 c	4.03 ab	4.18 bc	5.89 bc	51.20 b
		N2	16.7 c	62.7 c	11.6 b	1.47 d	4.15 a	4.25 ab	6.34 a	62.53 a
		N3	13.7 d	60.7 c	12.0 a	1.17 e	4.29 a	4.30 a	6.57 a	64.66 a
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	S0	N1	10.7 a	72.0 a	8.6 f	1.27 a	4.05 d	4.27 b	5.89 c	41.08 f
		N2	10.6 a	70.0 ab	9.7 d	1.10 b	4.29 cd	4.28 b	5.93 c	48.00 d
		N3	10.2 ab	65.7 c	10.2 c	1.02 b	4.44 bc	4.35 ab	6.15 bc	51.59 c
	S50	N1	9.9 b	67.3 bc	9.2 e	1.08 b	4.73 ab	4.35 ab	6.23 b	43.57 e
		N2	9.9 b	65.7 c	11.3 b	0.89 c	4.77 a	4.39 a	6.30 ab	58.79 b
		N3	9.1 c	56.7 d	12.4 a	0.74 d	4.85 a	4.41 a	6.53 a	66.23 a
扬农香28 Yangnongxiang 28	S0	N1	10.4 a	70.7 a	8.8 f	1.21 a	3.96 c	3.93 c	5.73 c	43.14 f
		N2	9.8 a	69.3 a	9.1 e	1.12 b	4.09 bc	3.93 c	5.81 c	46.32 e
		N3	9.7 ab	68.0 a	10.0 d	1.00 c	4.19 bc	3.98 c	6.13 b	51.29 d
	S50	N1	9.1 b	64.0 b	10.6 c	0.87 d	4.31 ab	4.20 b	6.24 b	54.57 c
		N2	8.1 c	57.0 c	11.2 b	0.74 e	4.53 a	4.28 b	6.65 a	59.51 b
		N3	7.3 d	53.0 d	11.9 a	0.63 f	4.56 a	4.44 a	6.78 a	62.79 a

表5

表6

表7

表8

穗肥氮素用量和结实期遮光对RVA谱特征值的影响"

品种 Variety	结实期遮光 S	穗肥氮素用量 N	峰值黏度 PKV (cP)	热浆黏度 HTV (cP)	最终黏度 FLV (cP)	崩解值 BDV (cP)	消减值 SBV (cP)	糊化温度 PaT (℃)
2019
淮稻5号 Huaidao 5	S0	N1	2289 a	1466 a	2471 a	823 a	182 c	73.6 a
		N2	2187 ab	1380 b	2380 b	807 a	193 c	73.6 a
		N3	2085 bc	1291 c	2290 c	794 a	205 bc	73.7 a
	S50	N1	1946 c	1250 c	2254 c	696 ab	308 abc	74.1 a
		N2	1773 d	1131 d	2122 d	642 ab	349 ab	74.3 a
		N3	1663 d	1083 d	2046 e	580 b	383 a	74.4 a
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	S0	N1	2095 a	1205 a	1942 a	890 a	-153 c	74.1 a
		N2	1982 ab	1100 b	1833 b	882 a	-149 c	74.1 a
		N3	1883 bc	1064 b	1775 b	819 ab	-108 bc	74.3 a
	S50	N1	2005 ab	1205 a	1932 a	800 ab	-73 abc	74.4 a
		N2	1816 cd	1097 b	1824 b	719 ab	8 ab	74.3 a
		N3	1705 d	1063 b	1773 b	642 b	68 a	74.4 a
扬农香28 Yangnongxiang 28	S0	N1	2397 a	1268 a	1998 a	1129 a	-399 b	73.4 a
		N2	2160 bc	1101 c	1828 b	1059 ab	-332 ab	73.5 a
		N3	2049 bcd	1065 cd	1752 cd	984 ab	-297 ab	74.4 a
	S50	N1	2202 b	1195 b	1938 a	1007 ab	-264 ab	74.3 a
		N2	2022 cd	1115 c	1809 bc	907 b	-213 a	74.3 a
		N3	1912 d	1031 d	1717 d	881 b	-195 a	74.4 a
2020
淮稻5号 Huaidao 5	S0	N1	2495 a	1580 a	2454 a	915 a	-41 b	74.6 a
淮稻5号 Huaidao 5		N2	2462 a	1565 a	2431 a	897 a	-31 b	74.6 a
		N3	2407 a	1552 ab	2406 a	855 ab	-1 b	74.8 a
	S50	N1	2164 b	1441 bc	2307 b	723 abc	143 a	74.5 a
		N2	2092 b	1410 c	2262 b	682 bc	170 a	74.7 a
		N3	1861 c	1225 d	2063 c	636 c	202 a	74.8 a
品种 Variety	结实期遮光 S	穗肥氮素用量 N	峰值黏度 PKV (cP)	热浆黏度 HTV (cP)	最终黏度 FLV (cP)	崩解值 BDV (cP)	消减值 SBV (cP)	糊化温度 PaT (℃)
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	S0	N1	2035 a	1146 a	1575 a	889 a	-460 b	74.4 a
		N2	1941 b	1104 ab	1528 a	837 ab	-413 ab	74.4 a
		N3	1870 b	1058 abc	1480 ab	812 ab	-390 ab	74.6 a
	S50	N1	1747 c	1018 bc	1416 bc	729 ab	-331 ab	74.7 a
		N2	1660 cd	1001 bc	1373 cd	659 b	-287 a	74.8 a
		N3	1591 d	942 c	1308 d	649 b	-283 a	74.8 a
扬农香28 Yangnongxiang 28	S0	N1	2377 a	1240 a	1669 a	1137 a	-708 b	73.2 a
		N2	2306 ab	1185 a	1600 ab	1121 a	-706 b	73.2 a
		N3	2241 b	1152 a	1566 b	1089 a	-675 b	73.2 a
	S50	N1	1961 c	1001 b	1418 c	960 ab	-543 a	73.3 a
		N2	1837 d	970 b	1383 cd	867 b	-454 a	73.6 a
		N3	1744 e	890 b	1294 d	854 b	-450 a	73.6 a

表8

表9

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处理 Treatment	N (kg hm^-2)					P₂O₅ (kg hm^-2)	K₂O (kg hm^-2)
处理 Treatment	基肥 Basal fertilizer	分蘖肥 Tillering fertilizer	促花肥 Flower-promoting fertilizer	保花肥 Flower-preserving fertilizer	总计 Total	P₂O₅ (kg hm^-2)	K₂O (kg hm^-2)
N1	94.50	94.50	20.25	20.25	229.50	135.00	270.00
N2	94.50	94.50	40.50	40.50	270.00	135.00	270.00
N3	94.50	94.50	60.75	60.75	310.50	135.00	270.00

品种 Variety	结实期遮光 S	穗肥氮素用量 N	长宽比L/W		垩白粒率CR (%)		垩白度CD (%)
品种 Variety	结实期遮光 S	穗肥氮素用量 N	2019	2020	2019	2020	2019	2020
淮稻5号 Huaidao 5	S0	N1	1.75 b	1.76 b	40.0 b	48.0 c	12.3 c	19.8 e
		N2	1.75 b	1.76 b	42.0 b	51.5 c	13.0 c	21.4 de
		N3	1.77 b	1.78 ab	42.3 b	52.0 c	13.1 c	22.0 d
	S50	N1	1.78 ab	1.78 ab	65.4 a	66.5 b	21.4 b	29.2 c
		N2	1.79 ab	1.78 ab	66.2 a	72.0 ab	22.2 ab	35.7 b
		N3	1.80 a	1.79 a	67.9 a	75.4 a	22.8 a	38.5 a
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	S0	N1	1.63 b	1.67 b	23.1 d	38.1 d	7.3 e	12.3 e
		N2	1.63 b	1.67 b	26.5 c	43.4 cd	8.4 d	14.1 d
		N3	1.64 b	1.68 b	31.9 b	45.9 bc	10.6 ab	16.3 c
	S50	N1	1.65 ab	1.72 a	33.2 b	51.5 ab	9.6 c	21.1 b
		N2	1.66 a	1.72 a	33.5 b	52.3 ab	10.1 bc	24.2 a
		N3	1.67 a	1.73 a	37.0 a	54.7 a	11.4 a	25.5 a
扬农香28 Yangnongxiang 28	S0	N1	1.77 b	1.82 b	21.8 c	30.6 b	6.7 d	10.6 b
		N2	1.79 ab	1.83 b	21.8 c	31.6 b	6.8 d	11.1 b
		N3	1.79 ab	1.83 b	22.7 c	33.7 ab	8.3 c	11.9 b
	S50	N1	1.79 ab	1.87 a	31.7 b	34.4 ab	10.1 b	12.1 b
		N2	1.81 a	1.87 a	32.2 b	40.0 a	10.7 b	14.2 a
		N3	1.81 a	1.88 a	38.3 a	40.3 a	12.9 a	15.1 a

品种 Variety	淮稻5号 Huaidao 5		南粳9108 Nanjing 9108		扬农香28 Yangnongxiang 28
品种 Variety	简单相关系数 Simple correlation coefficient	直接通径系数 Direct path coefficient	简单相关系数 Simple correlation coefficient	直接通径系数 Direct path coefficient	简单相关系数 Simple correlation coefficient	直接通径系数 Direct path coefficient
外观Appearance	0.996^**	0.096	0.999^**	0.585	0.998^**	0.377
硬度Hardness	-0.970^**	-0.300	-0.991^**	-0.119	-0.987^**	-0.291
黏度Viscosity	0.978^**	0.384	0.995^**	0.313	0.995^**	0.523
平衡度Balance	0.999^**	0.236	0.999^**	-0.015	0.999^**	-0.186

指标 Index	外观 Appearance	硬度 Hardness	黏度 Viscosity	平衡度 Balance	食味值 Taste value
整精米率HMR	0.24	-0.22	0.28	0.25	0.25
垩白度CD	-0.07	0.13	-0.06	-0.08	-0.08
直链淀粉含量AC	-0.38^*	0.45^**	-0.32	-0.37^*	-0.38^*
胶稠度GC	0.16	-0.13	0.21	0.18	0.17
蛋白质含量PC	-0.50^**	0.49^**	-0.52^**	-0.51^**	-0.51^**
清蛋白含量AlC	-0.62^**	0.57^**	-0.65^**	-0.62^**	-0.62^**
球蛋白含量GlC	-0.75^**	0.72^**	-0.76^**	-0.75^**	-0.75^**
醇溶蛋白含量PlC	-0.60^**	0.56^**	-0.63^**	-0.61^**	-0.60^**
谷蛋白含量GlC	-0.61^**	0.59^**	-0.65^**	-0.62^**	-0.62^**
峰值黏度PKV	0.14	-0.12	0.17	0.15	0.15
崩解值BDV	0.46^**	-0.49^**	0.46^**	0.47^**	0.47^**
消减值SBV	-0.83^**	0.86^**	-0.79^**	-0.82^**	-0.83^**

穗肥氮素用量与结实期遮光复合作用对常规粳稻品质的影响

Combined effects of panicle nitrogen fertilizer amount and shading during grain filling period on grain quality of conventional japonica rice

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品种 Variety	结实期遮光 S	穗肥氮素用量 N	外观 Appearance	硬度 Hardness	黏度 Viscosity	平衡度 Balance	食味值 Taste value
2019
淮稻5号 Huaidao 5	S0	N1	4.2 a	7.8 c	4.7 a	4.2 a	54.7 a
		N2	3.0 b	8.3 b	3.7 b	3.2 b	48.3 b
		N3	2.7 bc	8.4 ab	3.0 bcd	2.6 bc	44.9 bc
	S50	N1	2.6 bc	8.6 a	3.4 bc	2.7 bc	45.3 bc
		N2	2.2 cd	8.6 a	2.6 cd	2.2 cd	42.3 cd
		N3	2.0 d	8.6 a	2.2 d	1.9 d	40.2 d
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	S0	N1	5.1 a	7.2 c	5.3 a	5.0 a	60.3 a
		N2	4.5 b	7.6 b	4.9 a	4.4 b	56.7 b
		N3	3.8 c	7.6 b	3.5 b	3.7 c	51.5 c
	S50	N1	3.0 d	8.1 a	3.3 b	3.0 d	47.5 d
		N2	3.0 d	8.2 a	3.1 b	2.8 de	46.6 de
		N3	2.7 d	8.3 a	2.3 c	2.4 e	43.7 e
扬农香28 Yangnongxiang 28	S0	N1	6.0 a	6.8 d	5.8 a	5.9 a	65.4 a
		N2	5.2 b	6.9 d	4.9 b	5.1 b	60.5 b
		N3	3.8 cd	7.8 b	3.8 c	3.6 d	51.3 d
	S50	N1	4.3 c	7.4 c	4.6 b	4.4 c	55.9 c
		N2	3.5 de	7.9 ab	3.4 c	3.3 de	49.3 de
		N3	3.0 e	8.3 a	3.3 c	2.9 e	46.8 e
2020
淮稻5号 Huaidao 5	S0	N1	5.8 a	6.8 c	5.7 a	5.7 a	64.5 a
		N2	4.8 b	7.4 b	4.8 bc	4.6 b	57.0 b
		N3	4.2 c	7.7 ab	4.0 d	3.9 c	53.0 c
	S50	N1	4.8 b	7.6 ab	5.1 b	4.7 b	58.0 b
		N2	4.4 bc	7.7 ab	4.6 c	4.3 b	55.0 c
		N3	4.3 c	7.8 a	4.6 c	4.3 bc	55.0 c
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	S0	N1	8.3 a	5.8 c	8.1 a	8.1 a	79.5 a
		N2	7.9 a	6.0 c	7.9 a	7.8 a	77.0 b
		N3	7.3 b	6.3 b	7.3 b	7.1 b	73.5 c
	S50	N1	7.1 b	6.4 ab	7.1 b	6.9 b	72.0 c
		N2	6.6 c	6.6 a	6.4 c	6.4 c	69.0 d
		N3	6.3 c	6.6 a	6.1 c	6.1 c	67.0 e
扬农香28 Yangnongxiang 28	S0	N1	7.9 a	6.0 c	7.9 a	7.8 a	77.0 a
		N2	7.3 b	6.3 b	7.3 b	7.1 b	73.5 b
		N3	7.1 b	6.3 b	7.2 b	7.0 b	73.0 b
	S50	N1	7.1 b	6.3 b	7.2 b	7.0 b	73.0 b
		N2	6.5 c	6.6 a	6.5 c	6.4 c	69.0 c
		N3	6.3 c	6.6 a	6.0 d	6.1 c	67.0 d

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