• •
唐承翰**,陈惠哲**,叶天承,张玉屏,向镜,张义凯,王志刚,王亚梁*
TANG Cheng-Han**,CHEN Hui-Zhe**,YE Tian-Cheng,ZHANG Yu-Ping,XIANG Jing,ZHANG Yi-Kai,WANG Zhi-Gang,WANG Ya-Liang*
摘要:
水稻种植均匀度对产量和品质有显著的影响,本试验旨在明确均匀度的提高协同产量和品质提升的机理。试验选用籼粳杂交稻甬优1540,常规粳稻浙禾香2号,杂交籼稻华浙优210为供试品种,设置4种不同种植均匀度处理:T1 (条播机插,种植均匀度65%~75%)、T2 (撒播机插,种植均匀度45%~55%)、T3 (人工模拟机插,种植均匀度100%)、T4 (人工模拟机插,种植均匀度50%),比较不同种植均匀度群体的分蘖动态变化、叶面积光合效能、干物质积累与转运、产量形成及稻米品质的变化。结果表明:(1) 种植均匀度提高通过促进分蘖增加了群体有效分蘖数,3个品种平均分蘖高峰苗数表现为T3>T1>T2>T4,不同品种在处理间变化趋势一致。(2) 种植均匀度的提高增加了群体叶面积指数,同时显著提高了抽穗期上三叶高效叶面积指数。而且,增加均匀度显著提高了干物质积累并促进了植株干物质转运,成熟期干物质积累量表现为T3>T1>T2>T4,品种间趋势一致,但是T2跟T4差异不明显。均匀度提高对灌浆期茎鞘物质运转有一定促进作用,品种间存在差异,T1、T2和T4间差异不明显。(3) 不同均匀度处理下每穗粒数无显著性差异,但高均匀度下一次枝梗和二次枝梗的着粒分布更均匀。(4) 高均匀度群体主要通过有效穗数提高产量,品种间趋势一致,T3分别比T1、T2、T4平均产量高8.16%、15.41%、15.61%。(5) 提高种植均匀度提高了稻米糙米率、精米率、整精米率和蛋白质含量,降低了稻米垩白米率和垩白度。以上结果表明,提高种植均匀度能够促进群体分蘖,增加群体叶面积指数和干物质积累,提高有效穗数,从而提升了稻谷产量和出米率,并一定程度上改善了稻米品质。试验结果明确生产上采用精准条播育秧机插能够通过提高种植均匀度协同提升稻谷产量和稻米品质。
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