作物学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (9): 2310-2322.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.32049
贾舒涵1,3**(), 何璨1,2**, 陈敏1, 刘家欣1,3, 胡伟民1,3, 胡晋1,3, 关亚静1,3,*(
)
JIA Shu-Han1,3**(), HE Can1,2**, CHEN Min1, LIU Jia-Xin1,3, HU Wei-Min1,3, HU Jin1,3, GUAN Ya-Jing1,3,*(
)
摘要:
研究不同穗萌程度种子质量, 对科学划分穗萌级别, 优化穗萌指标计算方法至关重要。本试验以钱优0508 (Qianyou 0508, QY0508)、Y两优689 (Y Liangyou 689, YLY689)两个籼型杂交水稻品种为材料, 测定穗上不同穗萌程度种子的发芽指标, 以及可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量等生理指标, 以此评估不同穗萌程度水稻种子的发芽质量。同时, 采用自然晾干和38℃烘干2种方式干燥穗萌种子, 并将种子在低温和水淹2种逆境条件下发芽, 探究实际生产中不同干燥处理对已穗萌种子质量的影响, 及不同穗萌程度种子萌发抗逆能力的差异。此外, 由于水稻种子通常在蜡熟末期至完熟初期为最佳收获期, 期间均可能遭遇不良气候条件导致种子穗萌, 因此本研究对不同成熟时期的穗萌种子质量也进行了探讨。通过鉴定穗上不同萌动程度的种子质量, 提出了新的水稻穗萌分级方法, 即完整饱满未萌动种子为0级, 胚根凸起但稃壳未开裂的种子为1级, 胚根露出且可见长度不足2 mm的种子为2级, 胚根可见长度大于2 mm的种子为3级。与0级种子相比, 1~3级穗萌种子的发芽率均显著下降, 不正常幼苗率显著增加, 在低温、水淹逆境下, 该现象更明显。相对而言, 38℃烘干方式对种子质量的影响较自然晾干小, 而授粉后35 d (35 DAP)成熟度高的种子发生穗萌后对种子质量影响较授粉后25 d (25 DAP)成熟度低的种子小。本研究经过对不同穗萌程度种子质量的研究, 提出了新的穗萌分级方法, 对准确评估田间水稻穗萌水平有重要价值。
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