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水分管理和品种类型对再生稻产量和稻米品质的影响

朱金娟1,**,王慧萍1,**,杨国栋1,王宇诚1,杨晨1,王斌2,Agustiani Nurwulan3,涂军明4,毕俊国5,崔克辉1,黄见良1,彭少兵1, 袁珅1,*   

  1. 1 作物遗传改良全国重点实验室 / 湖北洪山实验室 / 农业农村部长江中游作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室 / 华中农业大学植物科学技术学院, 湖北武汉430070; 2 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所, 北京100081; 3 Research Center for Food Crop, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jawa Barat 16915, Indonesia; 4 黄冈市农业科学院, 湖北黄冈438000; 5 上海市农业生物基因中心, 上海201106
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-09 修回日期:2025-10-30 接受日期:2025-10-30 网络出版日期:2025-11-11
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2301003), 湖北省科技厅国际科技合作项目(2024EHA059), 中国科协青年人才托举工程项目(2022QNRC001)和财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-01)资助。

Effects of water management and variety type on grain yield and quality in ratoon rice

Zhu Jin-Juan1,**,Wang Hui-Ping1,**,Yang Guo-Dong1,Wang Yu-Cheng1,Yang Chen1,Wang Bin2,Agustiani Nurwulan3,Tu Jun-Ming4,Bi Jun-Guo5,Cui Ke-Hui1,Huang Jian-Liang1,Peng Shao-Bing1,Yuan Shen1,*   

  1. 1 National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement / Hubei Hongshan Laboratory / Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; 2 Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; 3 Research Center for Food Crop, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jawa Barat 16915, Indonesia; 4 Huanggang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huanggang 438000, Hubei, China; 5 Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, Shanghai 201106, China
  • Received:2025-06-09 Revised:2025-10-30 Accepted:2025-10-30 Published online:2025-11-11
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFD2301003), the Hubei International Science and Technology Cooperation Project (2024EHA059), the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST (2022QNRC001), and the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (CARS-01).

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摘要： 为探究节水灌溉以及品种类型对再生稻产量和稻米品质的影响，2023年在湖北蕲春和浠水开展大田试验。以3个节水抗旱稻品种(旱优8200、旱优116和旱优73)和3个优质稻品种(箴两优郢香丝苗、荃优粤农丝苗和荃优607)为供试材料，以湖北省再生稻大面积种植的普通水稻品种(两优6326)为对照，设置常规灌溉和节水灌溉2种水分管理方式，分析再生稻模式下不同品种产量和稻米品质对水分管理的响应差异。结果表明，相较于常规灌溉，节水灌溉处理使头季和再生季灌水量分别平均减少76%和85%，但产量和稻米的加工、外观和蒸煮食味品质在水分处理间无显著差异，且这一结果在不同试验地点间保持一致。这表明，与常规灌溉相比，节水抗旱稻和优质稻品种在节水灌溉条件下均能保持较为稳定的头季和再生季产量和稻米品质。优质稻头季和再生季产量分别为8.54 t hm?2和5.88 t hm?2，相较于普通水稻产量差异不显著；但头季和再生季整精米率分别显著提高13.5个百分点和20.6个百分点，垩白粒率和垩白度分别显著降低22.6个百分点和6.4个百分点、10.8个百分点和1.8个百分点。节水抗旱稻在头季的产量以及稻米加工、外观和蒸煮食味品质方面与普通水稻无显著差异，但在再生季，产量显著下降17%，整精米率显著提高17.0个百分点，垩白粒率和垩白度分别降低5.5个百分点和1.0个百分点。在同一品种类型中，再生稻产量和稻米品质存在显著的品种间差异。相关性分析表明，再生季稻米的加工、外观和蒸煮食味品质指标均与头季相应指标呈正相关关系。因此，在降水条件较好的地区，结合优良水稻品种，实施“以雨养为主、关键生育期适时灌溉”的节水灌溉策略，可有效降低水分消耗、提升水分利用效率，同时实现再生稻的高产与优质目标。

关键词: 稻米品质, 节水灌溉, 节水抗旱稻, 优质稻, 再生稻

Abstract: To evaluate the effects of water-saving irrigation and variety type on grain yield and quality in ratoon rice, field experiments were conducted in Qichun and Xishui, Hubei Province, in 2023. Three water-saving and drought-resistant rice (WDR) varieties (Hanyou 8200, Hanyou 116, and Hanyou 73) and three superior-quality rice (SQR) varieties (Zhenliangyouyingxiangsimiao, Quanyouyuenongsimiao, and Quanyou 607) were tested, with Liangyou 6326—commonly grown in large-scale ratoon rice production in Hubei—serving as the check variety for ordinary paddy rice (OPR). Two irrigation regimes, continuous flooding and water-saving, were compared to assess varietal responses in yield and grain quality within the ratoon rice system. Results showed that, compared to continuous flooding, water-saving irrigation reduced water input by an average of 76% in the main crop and 85% in the ratoon crop, without significant differences in grain yield or in milling, appearance, and cooking/eating quality traits. These results were consistent across both experimental sites. WDR varieties maintained stable yield and grain quality under water-saving conditions. In SQR varieties, yields averaged 8.54 t hm?2 in the main crop and 5.88 t hm?2 in the ratoon crop, comparable to OPR. However, head rice rate significantly increased by 13.5 and 20.6 percentage points, while chalky grain rate and chalkiness degree decreased significantly by 22.6 and 6.4, and 10.8 and 1.8 percentage points, respectively, in the main and ratoon crops. For WDR varieties, yield and grain quality in the main crop were similar to OPR, but ratoon crop yield decreased significantly by 17%; nonetheless, head rice rate increased by 17.0 percentage points, and chalky grain rate and chalkiness degree decreased by 5.5 and 1.0 percentage points, respectively. Significant varietal differences were observed within each variety type for both yield and grain quality. Correlation analysis revealed positive associations between grain quality traits in the main and ratoon crops. Overall, in regions with favorable rainfall, combining superior rice varieties with a water-saving irrigation strategy that emphasizes rainfed cultivation supplemented by timely irrigation at critical growth stages can effectively reduce water use, improve water use efficiency, and achieve the dual goals of high yield and premium grain quality in ratoon rice systems.

Key words: rice quality, water-saving management, water-saving and drought-resistance rice, superior-quality rice, ratoon rice

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