作物学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (12): 3144-3154.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.11117
丁永刚(), 陈立, 董金鑫, 朱敏, 李春燕, 朱新开, 丁锦峰(), 郭文善()
DING Yong-Gang(), CHEN Li, DONG Jin-Xing, ZHU Min, LI Chun-Yan, ZHU Xin-Kai, DING Jin-Feng(), GUO Wen-Shan()
摘要:
为给半冬性小麦优质、高产、高效协同生产提供理论依据, 在江苏睢宁连续3个小麦生长季, 以22个半冬性品种为材料进行大田试验。根据籽粒产量和氮肥利用效率, 通过系统聚类将品种分为高产高效(HH)、中产中效(MM)和低产低效(LL) 3个类型, 研究其产量构成、氮素吸收与利用和籽粒品质间差异。结果表明, 3个年度HH籽粒产量和氮肥利用效率均显著高于MM和LL。HH实现高产是由于具有显著高的总结实粒数, 即穗数和穗粒数的协同增加; 实现高效得益于高的氮肥吸收效率和氮肥生理利用效率。HH高的氮肥吸收效率是由于花前氮素积累量的提高, 有助于更多的氮素向籽粒转运, 进而提升籽粒氮素积累量。分析指示, 在一定范围内籽粒产量和总结实粒数可与单粒氮素积累量协同提升; 当籽粒产量高于9.5 t hm-2 或总结实粒数高于2.2×108 hm-2, 单粒氮素积累有下降趋势。蛋白质、湿面筋含量和沉降值表现为HH类型均显著高于MM和LL。综上所述, 高产高效型半冬性小麦品种具有高的总结实粒数、氮素吸收与转运量以及籽粒氮素积累的特征, 且因单粒氮素积累量提升, 改善了籽粒中蛋白相关品质。
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