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作物学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (4): 1132-1139.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.21021

• 研究简报 • 上一篇    下一篇

小麦种质资源苗期耐盐性鉴定评价

孙现军1(), 姜奇彦1, 胡正1, 李宏博2, 庞斌双2, 张风廷2, 张胜全2,*(), 张辉1,*()   

  1. 1中国农业科学院作物科学研究所作物种质资源中心, 北京 100081
    2北京市农林科学院杂交小麦研究所, 北京 100097
  • 收稿日期:2022-03-12 接受日期:2022-09-05 出版日期:2023-04-12 网络出版日期:2022-09-13
  • 通讯作者: *张胜全, E-mail: zsq8200@126.com;张辉, E-mail: zhanghui06@caas.cn
  • 作者简介:E-mail: sunxianjun@caas.cn
  • 基金资助:
    中国农业科学院科技创新工程(CAAS-ZDRW202201);北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设专项(KJCX20210439);国家自然科学基金项目(31601329)

Identification and evaluation of wheat germplasm resources at seedling stage

SUN Xian-Jun1(), JIANG Qi-Yan1, HU Zheng1, LI Hong-Bo2, PANG Bin-Shuang2, ZHANG Feng-Ting2, ZHANG Sheng-Quan2,*(), ZHANG Hui1,*()   

  1. 1Center for Crop Germplasm Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
    2Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science Research Institute of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing 100097, China
  • Received:2022-03-12 Accepted:2022-09-05 Published:2023-04-12 Published online:2022-09-13
  • Contact: *E-mail: zsq8200@126.com;E-mail: zhanghui06@caas.cn
  • Supported by:
    Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(CAAS-ZDRW202201);Science and Technology Innovation Project of BAAFS(KJCX20210439);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31601329)

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摘要：

土壤盐渍化是影响小麦生长的重要非生物胁迫之一, 筛选培育耐盐小麦种质资源对开展盐碱地综合利用具有重要意义。本研究以19份杂交小麦和2份常规品种为试验材料, 以蛭石为培养基质, 设置NaCl含量分别为0、0.4%、0.8%、1.2%、1.6%、2.0%的6个处理, 从播种时开始盐胁迫处理, 分析测定生长相关的11项指标。采用多元统计分析方法对小麦种质资源进行苗期耐盐性评价, 结果表明, 在1.2%盐处理下, 小麦种质资源大多数指标的耐盐系数四分位差最大, 因此, 1.2%盐被认为是耐盐鉴定最适浓度; 利用主成分分析方法可将11项调查指标的耐盐系数简化为3个主成分; 通过主成分贡献率和隶属函数分析进一步将3个主成分值简化成综合评价指标D值; 根据D值利用聚类分析将21份小麦种质资源划分为5类, 对应高耐、耐盐、中耐、敏感和高敏5个耐盐级别, 苗期耐盐鉴定表明13份杂交小麦的综合评价D值高于捷麦19与济麦22; 结合逐步回归分析获得11个调查指标耐盐系数与D值的最优回归方程: D = -0.743+0.779×PLL+0.372×TNL+1.273×PH+0.336×PLC+0.279×RL+0.558×RDW, 由此回归方程可知倒二叶叶长(PLL)、总叶片数(TNL)、株高(PH)、倒二叶叶绿素(PLC)、根长(RL)和根干重(RDW)可作为1.2%持续盐胁迫下小麦种质资源苗期鉴定评价指标。

关键词: 小麦种质资源, 苗期耐盐, 综合评价

Abstract:

Soil salinization is one of the important abiotic stresses which affects wheat growth. The screening and breeding salt-tolerant wheat is of great significance to the utilization of salinized land. 19 hybrid wheat resources and 2 conventional varieties were used as the experimental materials, seeds were grown in vermiculite, 6 treatments of NaCl solutions with 0, 0.4%, 0.8%, 1.2%, 1.6%, and 2.0% from sowing were set, and 11 indicators related to the growth were analyzed and determined. The multivariate statistical analysis method was used to evaluate the salt-tolerant of wheat germplasm resources at seedling stage. The results showed that the saline tolerance coefficient of most indicators were the highest interquartile range under 1.2% salinity among germplasm resources, thus the 1.2% salinity was considered as the optimum concentration for identification saline tolerance. 11 indicators could be simplified into 3 principal components by using principal component analysis. Through the analysis of principal component contribution rate and membership function, the 3 principal component values were further reduced to D-value of comprehensive evaluation index. According to the D-value, 21 wheat germplasm resources were divided into 5 salt-tolerant levels (high tolerance, salt tolerance, medium tolerance, sensitive and high sensitivity) by cluster analysis. The comprehensive evaluation D-values of 13 hybrid wheat varieties were higher than that of Jiemai 19 and Jimai 22 at seedling stage. Combined with stepwise regression analysis, the optimal regression equation of salt-tolerant coefficient and D-value of 11 indicators was obtained: D= -0.743 + 0.779×PLL + 0.372×TNL + 1.273×PH + 0.336×PLC + 0.279×RL + 0.558×RDW. Based on the above regression equation, PLL (penultimate leaf length), PH (plant height), PLC (penultimate leaf chlorophyll), RL (root length), and RDW (root dry weight), could be used as evaluation indicators for wheat germplasm resources identification under 1.2% continuous salt stress at seedling stage.

Key words: wheat germplasm resources, salt-tolerant at seedling stage, comprehensive evaluation

附表1

小麦种质资源苗期耐盐鉴定评价体系要点汇总"

培养基质
Cultivation of
substrate		 初始处理期
Initial processing
period		 盐处理浓度
Salt treatment concentrations		 评价指标
Evaluation indicators		 持续时间
Time of duration (d)		 参考文献
Reference
萌发盘+水培
Germination box and water planting		 二叶期
Two leaves period		 1.2% 苗高 Plant height
主根长 Main root length
根数 Number of root
根鲜(干)重 Root fresh/dry weight
茎叶鲜(干)重 Stem fresh/dry weight
综合评价D值 Comprehensive evaluation D-value		 7 [2]
萌发盘+水培
Germination box and water planting		 发芽移栽后3 d
Three days after germination and transplanting		 1.0% 苗高 Plant height
根长 Root length
相对生长量 Relative growth rate		 7 [3]
萌发盘+水培
Germination box and water planting		 发芽移栽后3 d
Three days after germination and transplanting		 0.5%
1.0%
1.5%		 株高 Plant height
根长 Root length		 5 [4]
萌发盘+水培
Germination box and water planting		 三叶期
Three leaves period		 0.2 mol L-1
 生物量 Biomass
电导率 Conductivity
抗氧化酶类 Antioxidation enzymes		 7 [5]
萌发盘+水培
Germination box and water planting		 三叶期
Three leaves period		 0.3%
0.5%
1.0%		 叶绿素 Chlorophyll
抗氧化酶类 Antioxidation enzymes
 15 [6]
萌发盘+水培
Germination box and water planting		 一叶后6 d
Six days after one leaf period		 逐渐增加浓度
Concentration increased gradually
25 mmol L-1
75 mmol L-1
150 mmol L-1		 株高 Plant height
主根数 Number of main root
根长 Root length
根鲜(干)重 Root fresh/dry weight
茎叶鲜(干)重 Stem fresh/dry weight
耐盐指数 Index of salinity tolerance		 28 [7]
萌发盘+水培
Germination box and water planting		 二叶期
Two leaves period		 0.3 mol L-1
1.6 mol L-1		 生长指标 Growth index;
生理生化指标
Physiological and biochemical indexes
D值综合分析 Comprehensive evaluation D-value		 3 [8]
耕层土
Top soil		 三叶期
Three leaves period		 0.6%
0.8%
1.0%
1.2%		 株高 Plant height
茎叶鲜重 Fresh weight of stem and leaf
茎叶干重 Dry weight of stem and leaf
D值综合分析 Comprehensive evaluation D-value		 10 [9]
萌发盘+水培
Germination box and water planting		 二叶期
Two leaves period		 300 mmol L-1 单株调查耐盐表型
Salt tolerance phenotype of each plant		 20 [10]
萌发盘+水培
Germination box and water planting		 二叶期
Two leaves period		 处理液中含40%海水
Treatment solution contains 40% seawater		 株高 Plant height
根长 Root length
地上干重 Ground dry weight
地下干重 Root dry weight		 14 [11]
萌发盘+水培
Germination box and water planting		 二叶期
Two leaves period		 300 mmol L-1 单株调查耐盐表型
Salt tolerance phenotype of each plant		 20 [12]
萌发盘+水培
Germination box and water planting		 萌动发芽后
After germination
 逐渐提高盐浓度
Concentration increased gradually		 根长 Root length
株高 Plant height
根量 Number of root
分蘖数 Tiller number
叶片盐害症状 Symptom of leaf salt injury		 30 [13]

表1

不同盐胁迫下调查指标耐盐系数描述"

统计量
Statistics		 盐浓度Salinity (%) 总叶片数
TNL		 耐盐级别
STL		 株高
PH		 倒二叶
叶长
PLL		 倒二叶
叶宽
PLW		 倒二叶
叶绿素
PLC		 根长
RL		 地上鲜重
AFW		 地上干重
ADW		 根鲜重
RFW		 根干重
RDW
中位数
Median		 0.4 0.77 1.00 0.59 0.62 0.43 0.88 0.81 0.23 0.04 0.37 0.04
0.8 0.57 2.78 0.41 0.39 0.37 0.86 0.49 0.11 0.01 0.21 0.01
1.2 0.45 3.67 0.30 0.27 0.39 0.71 0.28 0.07 0.01 0.14 0.01
1.6 0.26 9.00 0.13 0.11 0.35 0.82 0.20 0.03 0 0.06 0.01
2.0 — — — — — — — — — — —
四分位差
Interquartile Range		 0.4 0.08 0.30 0.12 0.16 0.10 0.22 0.33 0.08 0.01 0.19 0.02
0.8 0.13 1.10 0.08 0.11 0.12 0.29 0.22 0.05 0.01 0.11 0.01
1.2 0.14 1.78 0.06 0.16 0.11 0.25 0.21 0.02 0.01 0.07 0
1.6 0.17 0 0.08 0.09 0.16 0.00 0.18 0.03 0.01 0.05 0.01
2.0 — — — — — — — — — — —

表2

前3个主成分特征值和特征向量描述"

性状
Trait		 主成分分析 Comprehensive indexes
F1 F2 F3
总叶片数 Total number of leaf 0.53 -0.11 0.57
耐盐级别 Salt tolerance level 0.44 0.66 -0.47
株高 Plant height 0.48 0.32 0.53
倒二叶长 Penultimate leaf length 0.59 0.70 0.15
倒二叶宽 Penultimate leaf width 0.60 -0.52 0.17
倒二叶叶绿素 Penultimate leaf chlprophyll 0.70 0.37 -0.45
根长 Root length 0.63 0.37 0.32
地上鲜重 Above-ground fresh weight 0.73 -0.27 -0.37
地上干重 Above-ground dry weight 0.54 -0.41 -0.30
根鲜重 Root fresh weight 0.78 -0.44 -0.12
根干重 Root dry weight 0.80 -0.27 0.13
特征值 Eigen values 4.36 2.07 1.44
贡献率 Contribution rate (%) 39.65 18.78 13.04
累计贡献率 Accumulative contribution rate (%) 39.65 58.43 71.48
权重 Weight (%) 55.47 26.28 18.25

表3

每份鉴定种质的主成分值、隶属函数值与综合评价D值"

种质
Germpalsm name		 主成分
Comprehensive index		 隶属函数
Membership function		 D值
D-value		 综合评价
Comprehensive
valuation
F1 F2 F3 R1 R2 R3
京麦13 Jingmai 13 1.48 1.06 2.55 0.76 0.77 1.00 0.81 高耐 High tolerance
BH1273 2.41 -0.42 -0.01 1.00 0.37 0.40 0.73 高耐 High tolerance
MS19-4 1.18 1.20 -0.34 0.69 0.80 0.33 0.65 耐盐 Salt tolerance
BH2528 1.03 0.45 -0.32 0.65 0.60 0.33 0.58 耐盐 Salt tolerance
BH6705 0.10 1.94 -1.43 0.41 1.00 0.07 0.51 耐盐 Salt tolerance
BH7805 0.55 -0.22 -0.59 0.53 0.42 0.27 0.45 中耐 Medium tolerance
BH1706 -0.15 -0.07 1.31 0.35 0.47 0.71 0.45 中耐 Medium tolerance
沧麦14 Cangmai 14 -0.44 0.62 0.62 0.28 0.65 0.55 0.42 中耐 Medium tolerance
CHA17-8 0.61 -0.13 -1.75 0.54 0.45 0.00 0.42 中耐 Medium tolerance
垦冬杂22号 Kendongza 22 0.51 -1.62 0.92 0.52 0.05 0.62 0.42 中耐 Medium tolerance
中种麦1731 Zhongzhongmai 1731 -0.77 0.58 1.05 0.19 0.64 0.65 0.39 中耐 Medium tolerance
BH5357 -0.62 -0.13 0.68 0.23 0.45 0.57 0.35 敏感 Sensitivity
CHA18-1 -1.25 1.66 -0.22 0.07 0.92 0.36 0.35 敏感 Sensitivity
捷麦19 Jiemai 19 0.16 -1.07 -0.62 0.43 0.20 0.26 0.34 敏感 Sensitivity
BH3757 -0.40 0.03 -0.80 0.29 0.49 0.22 0.33 敏感 Sensitivity
中种麦5363 Zhongzhongmai 5363 -0.93 0.60 -0.17 0.15 0.64 0.37 0.32 敏感 Sensitivity
西大7号Xida 7 -0.04 -1.07 -0.44 0.38 0.20 0.31 0.32 敏感 Sensitivity
沧麦6005 Cangmai 6005 -0.17 -0.73 -1.07 0.35 0.29 0.16 0.30 敏感 Sensitivity
济麦22 Jimai 22 -0.19 -1.82 -0.11 0.34 0.00 0.38 0.26 高敏 High sensitivity
BH5379 -1.53 -0.09 -0.16 0.00 0.46 0.37 0.19 高敏 High sensitivity
小偃60 Xiaoyan 60 -1.54 -0.77 0.89 0.00 0.28 0.61 0.19 高敏 High sensitivity

图1

基于D值的21份小麦种质资源聚类"

表4

回归方程的估计精度分析"

种质
Germplasm name		 D值
D-value		 预测D值
Predicted D-value		 预测差值
Difference		 预测精度
Evaluation accuracy (%)
BH1273 0.73 0.71 0.02 97.52
BH7805 0.45 0.45 0 99.68
MS19-4 0.65 0.65 0 99.63
BH6705 0.51 0.48 0.03 94.25
CHA18-1 0.35 0.39 -0.04 89.31
CHA17-8 0.42 0.41 0.01 97.98
BH5357 0.35 0.35 0 99.97
京麦13 Jingmai 13 0.81 0.82 -0.01 98.20
BH2528 0.58 0.59 -0.01 98.67
中种麦5363 Zhongzhongmai 5363 0.32 0.31 0.01 97.99
中种麦1731 Zhongzhongmai 1731 0.39 0.38 0.01 96.67
垦冬杂22号 Kendongza 22 0.42 0.42 0 99.64
西大7号 Xida 7 0.32 0.33 -0.01 96.74
济麦22 Jimai 22 0.26 0.27 -0.01 95.34
捷麦19 Jiemai 19 0.34 0.33 0.01 96.83
种质
Germplasm name		 D值
D-value		 预测D值
Predicted D-value		 预测差值
Difference		 预测精度
Evaluation accuracy (%)
沧麦14 Cangmai 14 0.42 0.43 -0.01 98.71
沧麦6005 Cangmai 6005 0.30 0.29 0.01 97.09
小偃60 Xiaoyan 60 0.19 0.18 0.01 95.40
BH5379 0.19 0.20 -0.01 94.33
BH3757 0.33 0.33 0 99.83
BH1706 0.45 0.45 0 99.99
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