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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2019, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (1): 131-143.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.84024

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of tillage modes in winter fallow period on leaf senescence and pod yield in continuous cropping peanut

Yan LIU(),Zhao-Xin LIU,Mei-Juan HE,Ting-Ru LIU,Jian-Qun YANG,Xiao-Yu ZHEN,Xin-Xin LI,Xiang-Dong LI(),Dong-Qing YANG()   

  1. Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University / State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
  • Received:2018-02-11 Accepted:2018-08-20 Online:2018-09-28 Published:2018-09-28
  • Contact: Xiang-Dong LI,Dong-Qing YANG E-mail:liuyansdtz@163.com;lixdong@sdau.edu.cn;chengyang2364@126.com
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Key Technology Support Program of China(2014BAD11B04-2);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30840056);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31171496);Shandong Modern Agricultural Technology & Industry System(SDAIT-04-01)

Abstract:

A field experiment was conducted using large peanut variety Shanhua 108 with five treatments, including mulching after no tillage in winter fallow period (MGFM), planting peanut after plowing tillage in winter fallow period (FGLD), mulching after plowing tillage in winter fallow period (FGFM), planting peanut after previous crop wheat as green manure straw returned to the field (YQLD), mulching after previous crop wheat as green manure straw returned to the field (YQFM), and the conventional planting method, planting peanut after non tillage in winter fallow period (MGLD) as the control. The treatments of mulching, green manure and plowing tillage significantly improved photosynthetic pigment content, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate, and decreased intercellular CO2 concentration in functional leaves. Meanwhile, the above three treatments also significantly increased leaf superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) activities, decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content, thereby delaying leaf senescence and increasing pod yield. The pod yield of YQFM, FGFM and MGFM treatments increased by 5.11%, 6.77%, 3.70% compared with YQLD, FGLD, and MGLD treatments. Compared with MGFM treatment, YQFM and FGFM treatments significantly increased pod yield by 14.83%, 8.30%, respectively. Compared with MGLD treatment, the pod yield under YQLD and FGLD treatments significantly increased by 13.30%, 5.18%, respectively, and YQFM, YQLD, FGFM, FGLD, and MGFM treatments had the increase of pod yield from high to low in order. From the perspective of pod yield and economic benefit, YQFM is the optimum treatment.

Key words: continuous cropping peanuts, tillage modes in winter fallow period, leaf senescence characteristics, pod yield

Table 1

Experimental design"

处理
Treatment
耕作方式
Tillage mode
冬闲期翻耕晾晒土地后整地种植FGLD 前茬花生收获后于10月10日翻耕, 冬闲晾晒土地, 直至花生播种前于次年5月5日旋耕两遍, 花生播种后不覆膜。
The land was plowed on October 10th in winter fallow period after former peanuts were harvested. Then rotary tillage was conducted twice on May 5th of following year, and peanuts were not covered with film after sowing.
冬闲期翻耕晾晒土地后整地覆膜种植FGFM 前茬花生收获后于10月10日翻耕, 冬闲晾晒土地, 直至花生播种前于次年5月5日旋耕两遍, 花生播种后覆膜。
The land was plowed on October 10th in winter fallow period after former peanuts were harvested. Then rotary tillage was conducted twice on May 5th of following year, and peanuts were covered with film after sowing.
前茬花生收获后常规种植冬小麦, 于花生种植前粉碎还田后整地种植YQLD 前茬花生收获后于10月10日翻耕, 旋耕2遍, 种上小麦, 至灌浆初期次年5月5日进行小麦秸秆压青还田, 翻耕, 旋耕两遍, 花生播种后不覆膜。
The land was plowed with rotary tillage twice on October 10th in winter fallow period after former peanuts were harvested, and then wheat was planted. The wheat straw as green manure was returned to the field on May 5th of following year, and land was plowed with rotary tillage twice. Then peanuts were not covered with film after sowing.
前茬花生收获后常规种植冬小麦, 于花生种植前粉碎还田后整地覆膜种植YQFM 前茬花生收获后于10月10日翻耕, 旋耕2遍, 种上小麦, 至灌浆初期次年5月5日进行小麦秸秆压青还田, 翻耕, 旋耕两遍, 花生播种后覆膜。
The land was plowed with rotary tillage twice on October 10th in winter fallow period after former peanuts were harvested, and then wheat was planted. The wheat straw as green manure was returned to the field on May 5th of following year, and land was plowed with rotary tillage twice. Then peanuts were covered with film after sowing.
冬闲期免耕晾晒土地后整地种植MGLD 前茬花生收获后不翻耕, 冬闲晾晒土地, 于次年5月5日进行翻耕, 然后旋耕两遍, 花生播种后不覆膜。
Non tillage was conducted in winter fallow period after former peanuts were harvested. Then land was plowed with rotary tillage twice on May 5th of the following year, and peanuts were not covered with film after sowing.
冬闲期免耕晾晒土地后整地覆膜种植MGFM 前茬花生收获后不翻耕, 冬闲晾晒土地, 于次年5月5日进行翻耕, 然后旋耕两遍, 花生播种后覆膜。
Non tillage was conducted in winter fallow period after former peanuts were harvested. Then land was plowed with rotary tillage twice on May 5th of following year, and peanuts were covered with film after sowing.

Table 2

Effects of tillage modes in winter fallow period on the soil bulk density, porosity and organic matter content of peanut in continuous cropping"

项目
Item
土层
Soil layer (cm)
处理 Treatment
YQFM YQLD FGFM FGLD MGFM MGLD
土壤容重
Soil bulk density
(g cm-3)
0-10 1.28 d 1.33 c 1.34 c 1.39 b 1.41 b 1.45 a
10-20 1.31 d 1.35 c 1.38 c 1.43 b 1.44 b 1.48 a
20-30 1.47 d 1.50 cd 1.52 bc 1.53 bc 1.55 b 1.59 a
土壤孔隙度
Soil porosity (%)
0-10 51.07 a 49.73 b 49.69 b 47.36 c 47.02 c 45.35 d
10-20 49.91 a 48.32 b 48.23 b 46.91 c 46.87 c 45.41 d
20-30 44.57 a 42.73 b 42.67 b 41.45 bc 41.24 c 39.90 d
有机质
Soil organic matter content (g kg-1)
0-10 11.96 a 11.72 a 11.25 b 10.98 c 10.65 d 10.34 e
10-20 10.87 a 10.52 b 10.11 c 9.67 d 9.48 d 9.21 e
20-30 6.38 a 6.01 b 5.88 b 5.85 b 5.61 c 5.42 d

Table 3

Effects of tillage modes in winter fallow period on the chlorophyll content of peanut in continuous cropping (mg g-1)"

项目
Item
处理
Treatment
生育时期 Growth stage
2016 2017
花针期
FP
结荚期
PS
饱果期
PF
收获期
HS
花针期
FP
结荚期
PS
饱果期
PF
收获期
HS
叶绿素a YQFM 1.73 a 2.16 a 1.62 a 1.41 a 1.84 a 2.25 a 1.69 a 1.42 a
Chl a YQLD 1.65 b 2.06 b 1.55 b 1.34 b 1.41 b 2.09 b 1.60 b 1.35 b
FGFM 1.75 a 1.95 c 1.49 c 1.31 b 1.89 a 1.98 c 1.46 c 1.33 b
FGLD 1.67 b 1.87 d 1.37 d 1.25 c 1.80 a 1.93 d 1.39 d 1.26 c
MGFM 1.72 a 1.83 e 1.32 d 1.19 d 1.82 a 1.90 d 1.35 e 1.22 c
项目
Item
处理
Treatment
生育时期 Growth stage
2016 2017
花针期
FP
结荚期
PS
饱果期
PF
收获期
HS
花针期
FP
结荚期
PS
饱果期
PF
收获期
HS
MGLD 1.61 c 1.75 f 1.23 e 1.05 e 1.31 b 1.78 e 1.29 f 1.12 d
叶绿素b YQFM 0.63 a 0.72 a 0.57 a 0.55 a 0.69 a 0.74 a 0.60 a 0.57 a
Chl b YQLD 0.56 b 0.68 b 0.53 b 0.51 b 0.48 bc 0.70 b 0.56 b 0.53 b
FGFM 0.64 a 0.66 b 0.51 b 0.49 b 0.71 a 0.69 b 0.53 bc 0.52 b
FGLD 0.57 b 0.62 c 0.47 c 0.45 c 0.64 ab 0.65 c 0.51 cd 0.48 c
MGFM 0.62 a 0.61 c 0.45 c 0.43 c 0.68 a 0.61 d 0.49 d 0.47 c
MGLD 0.54 b 0.57 d 0.41 d 0.39 d 0.45 c 0.56 e 0.45 e 0.42 d
类胡萝卜素 YQFM 0.36 ab 0.46 a 0.38 a 0.35 a 0.35 ab 0.47 a 0.37 a 0.34 a
Car YQLD 0.31 cd 0.42 b 0.34 b 0.31 b 0.36 a 0.43 b 0.33 b 0.30 b
FGFM 0.38 a 0.41 b 0.33 b 0.30 b 0.36 a 0.42 b 0.32 b 0.29 b
FGLD 0.32 cd 0.37 c 0.29 c 0.26 c 0.37 a 0.38 c 0.29 c 0.25 c
MGFM 0.34 bc 0.36 c 0.28 c 0.25 c 0.32 b 0.37 c 0.28 c 0.24 c
MGLD 0.30 d 0.32 d 0.24 d 0.21 d 0.34 ab 0.33 d 0.24 d 0.20 d
叶绿素a+b YQFM 2.27 b 2.88 a 2.18 a 1.96 a 2.52 a 2.99 a 2.29 a 1.99 a
Chl a+b YQLD 2.14 c 2.74 b 2.08 b 1.85 b 2.41 a 2.79 b 2.16 b 1.88 b
FGFM 2.35 a 2.61 c 2.00 c 1.80 b 2.60 a 2.67 c 1.99 c 1.85 b
FGLD 2.17 c 2.49 d 1.84 d 1.70 c 2.43 a 2.58 d 1.90 d 1.74 c
MGFM 2.25 b 2.44 d 1.77 d 1.62 d 2.50 a 2.51 e 1.84 e 1.69 d
MGLD 2.04 d 2.32 e 1.65 e 1.44 e 2.36 a 2.34 f 1.74 f 1.54 e

Fig. 1

Effects of tillage modes in winter fallow period on the photosynthetic rate (Pn) of peanut in continuous cropping Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 3."

Fig. 2

Effects of tillage modes in winter fallow period on the stomatal conductance (Gs) of peanut in continuous cropping Abbreviations are the same as those given in Tables 1 and 3."

Fig. 3

Effects of tillage modes in winter fallow period on the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) of peanut in continuous cropping Abbreviations are the same as those given in Tables 1 and 3."

Fig. 4

Effects of tillage modes in winter fallow period on the transpiration rate (Tr) of peanut in continuous cropping Abbreviations are the same as those given in Tables 1 and 3."

Fig. 5

Effects of tillage modes in winter fallow period on activities of SOD, POD, CAT, and MDA contents in functional levels of continuous cropping peanut (2016) Abbreviations are the same as those given in Tables 1 and 3."

Table 4

Effects of tillage modes in winter fallow period on peanut yield and economic benefit under continuous cropping"

年份
Year
处理
Treatment
荚果产量
Pod yield
(kg hm-2)
籽仁产量
Kernel yield
(kg hm-2)
单株结果数
Pods per plant
千克果数
Pods per kg
出仁率
Shelling rate (%)
经济效益
Economic benefit
(yuan hm-2)
2016 FGLD 4659.13 c 3585.47 c 18.67 c 549.34 b 68.46 c 12 495.65 c
FGFM 4981.32 b 3775.31 b 21.00 b 544.78 b 68.52 c 13 506.60 a
YQLD 4995.12 b 3795.39 b 22.00 b 526.14 c 69.80 b 13 050.60 b
YQFM 5250.52 a 4058.12 a 23.50 a 521.17 c 70.19 a 13 727.60 a
MGLD 4408.14 d 3350.79 d 16.15 e 567.39 a 67.51 e 11 240.70 e
MGFM 4606.16 c 3556.44 c 17.50 d 562.67 a 67.92 d 11 630.80 d
2017 FGLD 4778.38 c 3605.36 c 20.47 c 515.00 b 71.12 d 13 091.90 c
FGFM 5095.29 b 3735.89 b 22.26 b 510.50 b 71.73 c 14 076.45 b
YQLD 5171.36 b 3802.68 b 23.78 a 485.00 c 73.18 b 13 931.80 b
YQFM 5435.14 a 4238.02 a 24.40 a 479.50 c 74.26 a 14 650.70 a
MGLD 4565.87 d 3299.58 d 16.18 e 538.00 a 70.11 e 12 029.35 d
MGFM 4698.17 c 3582.17 c 17.73 d 533.00 a 70.36 e 12 090.85 d

Table 5

Correlation coefficient of photosynthetic parameters and antioxidant system parameters with yield and its components"

项目
Item
荚果产量
Pod yield
籽仁产量
Kernel yield
单株结果数
Pods per plant
千克果数
Pods per kg
出仁率
Shelling rate
净光合速率 Pn 0.994** 0.974** 0.975** -0.924** 0.927**
蒸腾速率 Tr 0.989** 0.975** 0.969** -0.910* 0.913*
气孔导度 Gs 0.975** 0.950** 0.971** -0.904* 0.894*
胞间CO2浓度 Ci -0.979** -0.977** -0.972** 0.922** -0.921**
SOD活性 SOD activity 0.991** 0.988** 0.964** -0.930** 0.945**
CAT活性 CAT activity 0.967** 0.967** 0.930** -0.851* 0.861*
POD活性 POD activity 0.990** 0.990** 0.960** -0.913* 0.926**
MDA含量 MDA content -0.994** -0.975** -0.988** 0.955** -0.955**
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[1] Jun-Hua LIU, Zheng-Feng WU, Pu SHEN, Tian-Yi YU, Yong-Mei ZHENG, Xue-Wu SUN, Lin LI, Dian-Xu CHEN, Cai-Bin WANG, Shu-Bo WAN. Effects of nitrogen and density interaction on root morphology, plant characteristic and pod yield under single seed precision sowing in peanut [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2020, 46(10): 1605-1616.
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